SOLUTION TO TUTORIAL (9) CHE 302 - COMPUTERIZED MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCES PROBLEM 8.25 PAGE 530 (G.V.

REKLAITIS, Introduction to Material and Energy Balances, John Wiley and Sons. Sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide by oxidation at atmospheric pressure according to data shown in process flow diagram below. Sulfur dioxide and oxygen are fed to the process in stoichiometric ratio. Conversion is 96%. Ten kcal per mole of combined feed to reactor is removed by external medium. Assume no heat losses to the environment. Calculate all unknown temperatures and flows. Given C p (cal/ mol O C). O2 7.6 7.8 SO 2 10.4 11.8 SO 3 15.3 17.2

Avg. C p 25 - 300 C Avg. C p 300 - 900 O C

SOLUTION
Basis: 1.0 mole of sulfur dioxide feed in stream (1) The reaction is: SO 2 + O 2 SO 3 Material balances around heat exchangers are trivial. Therefore flows through heat exchangers are unchanged. Flow rates of species in streams will be as follows: Stream (1) and (2): 1.0 mole of SO 2
3 3 3 Streams (3), (4), (5), 96): N SO 2 , N SO3 , N O 2 7 Streams (7) and (8): N Sat Water 9 Streams (9) and (10): N O 2 Degree of Freedom Table:

Stream Variables 6+1 T 10 Q 4 Material Balances (Round Reactor only) 3 Energy Balances 4 Conversion 1 Stoichiometric relation 1 Given Temperatures 7 Given heat loads 4 Basis 1 Degree of freedom Zero Temperatues of saturated water and steam can be read from steam tables at 300 psia. Table of Independent Unknown Variables:
Stream Number Number of Unknown Variables Selected Unknown Independent Variables (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Total

3
3 N SO 2 , 3 N SO3 , 3 N O2

1
7 N Sat Water

1
9 N O2

5+ 1

Unknown temperatures There is one reaction.

Number of independent unknown variables = 9 Number of independent equations = 3 (MB) + 4(EB) + 2 (relations) = 9

EZ Solve Computer Code

/*Symbols: Sulfur Dioxide = S, Sulfur Trioxide = ST, Oxygen = O, Water = W Rate of reaction =R */ //Material Balances Round Reactor S3 = 1.0 R // S3 is flow of sulfur dioxide in stream 3 ST3 = R O3 = O9 0.5*R //Conversion relation 1.0 S3 = 0.96 //Stoichiometric relation O9 = 0.5 //Energy Balance round reactor , Tref = 25 HEAT_REACTION = (-94.47 (-70.95))*1000*4.182 // 1.0 Calorie = 4.182 Joules -10000 = R* HEAT_REACTION + (S3*11.8 + SD*17.2 + O3*7.8)*(T4-25) 11.8*(425 25) O9*7.8(425 25) //Energy Balance round heat exchanger 1, Tref = 425 0.0 = (S3*11.8 + SD*17.2 + O3*7.8)*(T4-425) 10.4*(300-425) - (S3*11.8 + SD*17.2 + O3*7.8)*(T3-425) //Energy Balance round heat exchanger 2, Tref = 425 0.0 = (S3*11.8 + SD*17.2 + O3*7.8)*(T5-425) O9*7.6*(25-425) - (S3*11.8 + SD*17.2 + O3*7.8)*(T4-425) //Energy Balance round boiler /*Tref = 400 for S, SD and O Tref = Steam tables reference conditions (Triple point) W7 = Flow rate of water in stream (7) in grams to maintain consistent units in equation*/ H_SATWATER = 908.6 kJ/kg //Enthaply of sat water from steam tables at 300 psia H_SATSTEAM = 2707.2 kJ/kg //Enthaply of sat steam from steam tables at 300 psia 0.0 = W7*H_SATSTEAM - (S3*11.8 + SD*17.2 + O3*7.8)*(T5-425) W7*H_SATWATER