Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

BIOLOGY 2A03 LAB 1 HUMAN NUTRITION TOTAL BODY ENERGY BALANCE Note: This is a semi (or partial)-formal lab report, due ONE week from the date of your lab 1 (January 23 27, ALL lab sections, ODD & EVEN). Lab reports are due by 5 pm on their due date. Hand your lab report to the appropriate drop box on the first floor of Life Sciences (beside the elevators). It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is complete, handed in on time and placed in the correct drop box. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. If you miss attending lab 1, this lab report is still due on the due date. A MSAF or a note from the deans office may give you an extension on the due date for lab 1 but does not excuse you from handing in this lab report. Check list of materials to bring to lab 1:

Three One

days worth of Kilocalorie uptake charts completed (charts on pages 12 14) (Pre-lab assignment) day Kilocalorie expenditure chart completed (chart on page 15) (Pre-lab assignment)

Calculation of your personal BMR (pages 5-7) (Pre-lab Assignment). Calculator for data calculations or Laptop to record data1 Pens, pencil, eraser

The Department of Biology assumes no responsibility for personal items brought into Biology classrooms or laboratories. Students bring such items into Biology classrooms or laboratories at their own risk.

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Objectives: To evaluate the adequacy (or inadequacy!) of your diet by careful monitoring of daily food consumption. Note: Reading from textbook that might be helpful: Ch. 21: pages 606-615 (3rd edition), pages 604613 (4th edition)

Total body energy balance means that the total energy expenditures of the body, whether by external work, energy storage, or production of internal heat, must be equal to the total body energy intake in the form of food. ENERGY INTAKE = (From food intake) INTERNAL HEAT + PRODUCED ENERGY STORAGE

Most of us actually eat a reasonable healthy diet by a combination of conscious motivation and subconscious physiological controls. A few of us eat a nutritionally poor diet and pay the consequences. In this lab, you will survey your own diet and compare it to both recommended standards and your own estimated energy expenditure as they are subject to many inaccuracies due to the need for estimating or guesstimating. Furthermore, you will only monitor total kilocalorie and protein intake. It is possible that a diet adequate in proteins and kilocalories may be inadequate in minerals or vitamins; however this is highly unlikely unless your diet is unusual (e.g., all your protein comes from vegetables, or all your calories come from beer!).

Pre-lab assignment, record on pages 12 14), complete before lab 1 tutorial, January 16-20 (all lab sections)
Your TA will initial your pre-lab assignment to acknowledge that it was done. Completion of the pre-lab assignment is worth 5 marks. A) 3 day diary of your personal caloric intake (recorded on pages 12 - 14) B) 1 day diary of your personal energy expenditure (recorded on page 15) C) Calculation of your BMR (see pages 5 7 & recorded on page 16)

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

A) CALORIC INTAKE Note: Be careful in your use of the term calorie. A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of H2O by 1 C. The energy content of food molecules is generally expressed in the kilocalories (i.e., 1000 calorie units). However, nutritionists use the term Calorie to mean kilocalorie. Calorie, written with a capital C means 1000 calories or 1 kilocalorie. 1. For a period of three days, keep a record of all the foods you eat, both by type and by amount using the forms provided. Try to eat a normal diet (i.e., whatever you would normally eat; dont modify your habits because of this survey). In the accompanying tables (posted as a separate pdf file on Avenue 2 Learn), the food energy (kilocalories) and protein content of most common foods are listed. Two useful web sites with more detailed information, especially for unusual foods is: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ (USDA) http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/hpfb-dgpsa/pdf/nutrition/nvscf-vnqaueng.pdf (Health Canada) Nutrition Facts Table (how to read a food label): http://hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/label-etiquet/nutrition/cons/index-eng.php or http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/label-etiquet/nutrition/cons/inl_flash-eng.php

Note: You do not need to download and print documents from these web sites in their entirety. You can access the information you need online. The measures or portions are largely listed in the tables, in units of cups or oz. These will be demonstrated in the lab for those unfamiliar with these units. Using these units, try to guesstimate your portions as accurately as possible. Of course, not all foods will be listed in the tables, and for these you will just have to use your common sensed to choose the best equivalents for purposes of calculation. 2. From the record compiled in the charts, calculate your average daily intake of total kilocalories and of protein alone. The National Research Council recommends that a healthy 25 year-old male of average build and weighing 65 kg should have a daily intake of 3200 kilocalories. Similarly a healthy 25 year-old female of average build and weighing 55kg should have a daily intake of 2300 kilocalories.
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Apply your weight to the appropriate graph (SEE SUBSEQUENT PAGE), to determine what your caloric intake should be (1 lb = 0.4536 kg). The amount of total intake which should be from protein is at least 1g/kg body weight. How much of our daily caloric intake comes from proteins? The caloric equivalent of 1 gm protein is 4.0 kilocalories. (Note: This figure takes into account the fact that protein is not fully oxidized in metabolism and that absorption of protein is not 100%). All these figures are for a fairly active person and would have to be adjusted upwards or downwards for very active and inactive people. Section B will relate your activity level to caloric intake.

You must have the three daily calorie intake & calorie expenditure charts completed and calculated your personal BMR value before your first lab class, January 16 20, 2012.
B) ENERGY EXPENDITURES Keep a record of your activities for 1 of the 3 days (we only ask for 1 day here as it can be very tedious). Was this typical of the three? If not, adjust the figures to be representative of a typical day. Sample record Sleeping Awake, lying still Dressing Driving Taking notes Walking slowly Eating Lab Work Swimming Standing Typing Running TOTAL
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

8.50 h 0.75 h 0.25 h 1.00 h 4.25 h 1.75 h 1.50 h 2.00 h 1.00 h 1.50 h 1.25 h 0.25 h 24 h

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Individuals performing the same activities do not necessarily expend the same amount of energy in that performance. Caloric expenditure during any activity varies as a multiple of the basal metabolism of the individual, which in turn varies with body surface area as determined by the height, weight and sex of that individual.

The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) may be defined as the energy required to maintain body functions while awake, but at absolute rest, and after a period of fasting long enough to avoid the specific dynamic action of food intake on metabolism. BMR may be obtained clinically by the measurement of O2 consumption following a night of restful sleep and a 12-hour period of fasting. (Note: In a later lab (lab 5), you will be measuring O2 consumption rates in mice in order to estimate metabolic rate.
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

For every 1 litre of O2 consumed, approximately 4.8 kilocalories of stored chemical energy are liberated from the molecules being oxidized). A reasonable estimate, however, of BMR can be obtained from a simple calculation based on age, height and weight using the tables provided. Record the most appropriate basal metabolism value from the table below for your age and sex. A= kilocalories/square metre/hour Basal Metabolism Values (kilocalories/m2/hr) Age 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Males 40.8 40.5 39.9 39.5 39.2 39.0 38.7 38.4 38.2 38.0 Females 35.8 35.4 35.3 35.2 35.2 35.2 35.1 35.1 35.0 35.0

Note: If your particular age lies outside this table, consult the Figure below.

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Record your body surface area according to your weight and height from the chart below. A ruler placed on your height in the left hand column and on your weight in the right hand column will pass through the correct surface area in the middle column B = m2 Multiply: A X B to find the basal metabolic rate for you. AXB= kilocalories/hour (BMR)

By applying your BMR to each of the appropriate values in energy expenditure table, you will determine the energy you expend in kilocalories/hour over your 24 hour day. For example: The basal metabolism value of a 20 year old male is 39.9 kCal/m2/hr (A). If he was 65 tall and weighed 163 lbs., his body surface area would be 1.7 square meters (B). His BMR would be 39.9 X 1.7 = 67.8kCal/hr. NOMOGRAM FOR THE CALCULATION OF BODY SURFACE AREA

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

While washing the dishes for 15 minutes, the energy he would expend would be: 67.8 X 2.2* X 0.25** = 37.3 kcal *see table of activities on the next page for source ** one quarter of one hour Calculate from the table on the following page (use common sense and guesstimate for unlisted items) what your energy expenditure is in kilocalories for each of the activity periods. Sum the figures to find the average daily energy expenditure. Light Activities Sleep Awake, lying still Sitting at rest and reading and writing or taking notes, homework and eating and typing (rapidly) Standing relaxed Dressing and undressing Driving an automobile Dishwashing, ironing, etc. Playing cards Walking slowly Bicycling (for fun) Light exercising B.M.R. Multiplier 1.0 x B.M.R. 1.2 x B.M.R. 1.4 x B.M.R. 1.7 x B.M.R. 2.1 x B.M.R. 2.2 x B.M.R. 2.3 x B.M.R. 1.6 x B.M.R. 1.8 x B.M.R. 2.0 x B.M.R. 2.2 x B.M.R. 2.6 x B.M.R. 3.0 x B.M.R. 3.1 x B.M.R. 3.2 x B.M.R.

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Moderate Activities Vacuuming, sweeping or cleaning house Walking fast Dancing (moderate speed) Walking downstairs Moderate exercising Laboratory work Cleaning windows Horseback riding moderate speed Swimming - recreational Sawing wood Skating - recreational Bicycling moderate Jogging Shoveling snow Heavy Activities Rowing Walking upstairs Dancing fast Playing ping-pong seriously Skating speed skating Gardening digging Bicycling - racing Skiing Horseback riding hard Swimming racing Exercising heavy Fencing Football Boxing

B.M.R. MULTIPLIER 4.0 x B.M.R. 4.3 x B.M.R. 4.6 x B.M.R. 0.02 Cal/kg/15 steps 5.5 x B.M.R. 6.0 x B.M.R. 6.0 x B.M.R. 7.2 x B.M.R. 7.5 x B.M.R. 7.8 x B.M.R. 8.0 x B.M.R. 8.0 x B.M.R. 8.6 x B.M.R. 8.6 x B.M.R. B.MR. MULTIPLIER 12.7 x B.M.R. 0.07 Cal/kg/15 steps 15.0 x B.M.R. 17.5 x B.M.R 18.0 x B.M.R. 19.8 x B.M.R. 20.0 x B.M.R. 20.0 x B.M.R. 22.0 x B.M.R. 25.0 x B.M.R. 30.0 x B.M.R. 37.0 x B.M.R. 43.8 x B.M.R. 45.0 x B.M.R.

In your Results you will be reporting on your daily average intake and expenditure. +/- 10% of total kilocalories/day is probably an insignificant deviation from balance given the inaccuracies in the methods. If you are further than 10% of total kilocalories/day from balance, translate the imbalance into a rate of weight gain or weight loss. If we assume that
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

the weight gain or loss is in the form of fat (adipose tissue), a reasonable conversion factor is 8 kilocalories/gm of tissue (the caloric value of pure fat is about - 9.4 kilocalories/gm but adipose tissue contains approximately 10% water). Pre-Lab Assignment: To be completed before the start of the lab, January 16 20. Your TA will initial your pre-lab assignment to acknowledge that it was done. Completion of the pre-lab assignment is worth 5 marks. 1. Before your first lab you will keep your 3 day food diary or kilocalorie intake charts and one day exercise or kilocalorie expenditure chart (see the following pages). You need not fully complete the chart in their entirety. What must be completed on each chart is: Kilocalorie Intake charts (3): A list of all foods consumed over a three day a period An estimation of the quantity i.e. 1 cup, 8 ounces, 250 ml, 100 gm, 1b, 1 unit, 6 pieces, etc For example a one day food diary may contain the following entries: Breakfast: 1 Tim Hortons breakfast wrap with bacon 1 unit 1 XL Tim Hortons tea, 1 milk & 1 sugar 2 small mandarin oranges 100 ml yoghurt 1 XL tea, 1 milk, 1 sugar 1 Wendys Mandarin Chicken Salad 1 diet cola 1 XL tea, 1 milk, 1 sugar

Mid-morning snack

Lunch

Mid afternoon Supper

Meat loaf, 2 slices, approx. lb 250 ml mashed potatoes cup gravy steamed peas, cup 350 ml diet cola Although the chart requires you to calculate other factors (i.e. protein, kilocalories, protein kilocalories), it is not necessary for you to complete these calculations before
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

the lab class. Your TA will help you to complete these calculations during the lab tutorial. 2. Exercise Kilocalorie expenditure chart:

On a typical day (for you), you will keep an exercise kilocalorie expenditure diary and record your activities in the chart provided. Before your first lab you must have the following information recorded in your chart: Type of activity (i.e. sitting, biking, swimming, sleeping, walking, etc.) How you would classify it (i.e. light, moderate or heavy) Duration of the activity This chart must be completed (with your personal BMR value & BMR multiplier values for all activities) before the end of the Lab 1 tutorial

3.

You will also calculate your personal BMR value and make note of it on the Exercise kilocalorie Activity chart (p. 15). If you have trouble calculating your BMR, your TA can assist you during the Lab 1 tutorial but you must have your BMR value calculated by the end of the Lab 1 tutorial. You must also make not of your BMR as this value is required for Lab 5 later on in the term. You will need it when you answer the theory questions for lab 5. Perhaps you can make a note of it in your computers calendar to pop up on the date of your Biology 2A03 lab 5.

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

TA Initials: Table A1a:KILOCALORIE INTAKE CHART Date: DAY 1 Date: Measure i.e. Type of volume or Quantity Food Imperial (g) units

Include this chart in your Appendix

Protein (g)

Total kilocalories

Protein kilocalories

Total Caloric Intake =

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

TA Initials: Table A1b: KILOCALORIE INTAKE CHART Date: DAY 2- Date: Measure i.e. Type of volume or Quantity Food Imperial (g) units

Include this chart in your Appendix

Protein (g)

Total kilocalories

Protein kilocalories

Total Caloric Intake =

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

TA Initials: Table A1c: KILOCALORIE INTAKE CHART Date: DAY 3- Date: Measure i.e. Type of volume or Quantity Food Imperial (g) units

Include this chart in your Appendix

Protein (g)

Total kilocalories

Protein kilocalories

Total Caloric Intake =

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

TA Initials: Table A2: KILOCALORIE EXPEDITURE CHART Include this chart in your Appendix Date: ONE TYPICAL DAY Time Level of Level of Level of Activity BMR Kilocalories Activity Activity Activity Activity Sustained Multiplier expended* Light U Moderate U Heavy U (minutes)

Total Kilocalorie Expenditure =

*Your BMR X the BMR Multiplier (for that activity) X time (minutes) = kilocalories expended See pages 5-8 for a sample equation.
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Table A3: BMR CALCULATION (pages 6 8) Include this chart in your Appendix. Basal Metabolism years Age = Values Sex = 2 (kilocalories/m /hr) Value A (from page BMV (Value A) = kilocalories/square metre/hour 6: Body weight = Kg Body height = cm BODY SURFACE Body surface area from AREA (Value B) chart on p. 7 (Value B) = m2 BMR = A X B

kilocalories/square metre/hour

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

In this lab report you are going to be guided in writing up a formal Results section. You will answer some theory questions (pages 19 21) but they will NOT be written up as a formal lab report Discussion section. You will write a half page Conclusion to this exercise. See the check list at the end of lab for what to include in your partial lab report. Your lab report will be due one week after you complete the lab. Your TA will endeavor to return your lab report to you before your first formal lab report is due so you have feedback before you write a formal lab report. RESULTS (Presentation of data) vs. APPENDIX A Results section must start off with some text. You never begin the results section with a Table or a Figure (graph). Students are often confused about what type of data to present in the Results section and what to present in the Appendix. Basically, you present summaries of data in the Results section. Only what the reader really needs to know goes into the Results. Individual results, raw data, calculations all go into the Appendix. Therefore for Lab 1, In your Appendix, include your 4 handwritten raw data sheets (with your TAs initials). Create a table that summarizes your raw daily diet & energy expenditure data (Table A1) Example: Table A4: Summary of nutrition data for 20 year old female subject (not the students name). Food category Total kilocalories consumed Total protein kilocalories consumed Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Three day average

Subject BMR (kilocalories/square metre/hour) Subject Total Kilocalorie Expenditure per day

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

In the Results section You need a table that summarizes the data in Table A1 i.e. Table 1: Analysis of the diet of a 20 year old female subject over a 3 day period. Average Total kilocalories consumption Student subject Recommended kilocalories per day (give your reference) Diet Imbalance? +/-? Total kilocalories per day expended through activity Diet/Activity Imbalance? +/-? Put the results of calculations in your table. Do not put the details of your calculations in the Results section. The details of calculations go in your Appendix. Points to remember when inserting a table in your lab report: Table summarizes your data in Lab 1 = 10 marks Title: Table 1: (2 marks) Header row and column titles with units specified. E.g. temperature oC, or pH, time measured in minutes or seconds (4 marks) Appropriate data i.e. summaries (e.g. means, medians, maximum, minimum, standard deviation values of data but NOT entire set of data) (4 marks) Graphing your results: Graph summarizing your data in lab 1 = 10 marks The data in this lab is not suitable for a linear graph as you are not analyzing a change over the 3 day period. You are analyzing the average over a three day period. Therefore you will present your data in a bar graph form in addition to having it in a table. Average Protein consumption per day

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

For a summary graph of Table 1: Title = 2 marks Figure # & descriptive title. The title for graphs (figures) goes at the bottom of the figure. If you have created a graph using Excel, you will have to delete the title that Excel imbeds in the graph as it will be at the top of the graph. X + Y axis word titles with units = 3 marks Appropriate type of graph (bar vs. linear) for the type of data = 2 marks Appropriate bar or line produced for the graph and easy to differentiate between different bars or lines (either by colour or shading as above) (3 marks) Marks will be deducted if the graph background is shaded, or the graph is surrounded by a border. Energy expenditure should fit on your graph with the diet summaries. Note: Normally you would NOT present the same data in both a table and a figure. You would choose which format best presents the data and only use one. However for teaching purposes, you are required to present your data in a table and a figure for this lab report. Text presentation of the results with no interpretation = 20 marks Once you have prepared your tables, graphs & done your calculations you must write a text presentation for your Results section. Your text presentation should have - no personal pronouns (i.e. no me, my, I but students should refer to themselves as for example the 20 year old female or male subject - be in the past tense (do not mix tenses) - proper use of abbreviations & define an abbreviation the first time it is used - type a space between a digit an a unit eg. 1 mm - Should start results section with text, not a figure or table

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

CONCLUSIONS Questions to answer in your conclusion section: Is your diet adequate in terms of both calories and protein? In not, should you adjust your activity level of your diet or compensate? Will you do it? If you dont, what do you predict will be the long term physiological consequences? (5 MARKS)

Appendix (raw data tables, tables and/or graphs that present data before it is summarized,
any calculations, pre-lab assignment pages (12-16))

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Theory questions: In lieu of a Discussion section in your lab report, you will answer the following theory questions in the space provided you do not have to write the answers to these questions in a formal lab report. Hand these pages in as a separate assignment. Three references from scientific literature are required in your answers to these theory questions (i.e. for all the theory questions, not for each question). List your three references at the end of the assignment. Your three references must be from peer reviewed scientific journals dated from 2012 back to 2007. References = 6 marks Marks /1 What physiological factors might be responsible for differences in BMR between individuals? List and explain 3 factors that might be responsible for differences in BMR between individuals and which is not under the control of the individual. (1 mark for each factor listed & 2 marks for each explanation of the factor) A. /9
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Theory Questions of (Name & ID): Lab Section: Why does BMR vary with surface area?

B.

C.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

PAGE TOTAL = Theory Questions of (Name & ID): Lab Section: List two factors physiological factors which might be responsible for differences in BMR between individuals and which may be controlled by the individual: (1 mark for each factor listed & 2 marks for each explanation of the factor) A.

/10 Marks /6 /1

B.

Why do the basal metabolism values (see the table & figure on page 6) change with age?

+/- 10% of total kilocalories/day is probably an insignificant deviation from balance given the inaccuracies in the methods. If you are further than 10% of total kilocalories/day from balance, translate the imbalance into a rate of weight gain or weight loss. If we assume that the weight gain or loss is in the form of fat (adipose tissue), a reasonable conversion factor is 8 kilocalories/gm of tissue (the caloric value of pure fat is about-9.4 kilocalories/gm but adipose tissue contains approximately 10% water) PAGE TOTAL = /7

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Lab Section: How does your average daily expenditure compare with your average daily energy intake calculated in section A2? Are you in energy balance?

Discuss any other factors which must be taken into account to construct a more accurate energy balance sheet. In particular, indicate two sources of errors that might occur in the assumptions we have made so far and discuss how a more accurate energy sheet might be created. Each factor = 1 mark, discussion of how to correct the source of error = 1 mark. A.

B.

PAGE TOTAL =

Marks 2 4 /6
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Theory Questions of (Name & ID):

Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Lab Section: Notice that at several points in the calculations the expectation we have for females are different from those we have for males. This is not a sexist attitude. Discuss reasons for this briefly, in physiological terms. Give three physiological reasons for the difference between the sexes and briefly explain each in physiological terms. Each reason = 1 mark, explanation = 1mark. A.

B.

C.

What happens to proteins (amino acids) when you are in an anabolic versus a catabolic state?

PAGE TOTAL = Total of theory questions = References = Total =

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/34 marks /6 marks /40 marks

Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Marks 6 5 /11

Theory Questions of (Name & ID):

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

References for theory questions (list three from peer reviewed scientific journals dated from 2012 back to 2007: (6 marks)

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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

PARTIAL OR SEMI-FORMAL LAB REPORT: Lab 1 is a partial or semi-formal lab report. It consists of some but NOT ALL of the features of a formal lab report. You are to follow the style rules of the Journal of Experimental Biology. The rule for authors submitting articles to this journal have been posted online for you. You can also check the rules at: http://www.biologists.com/web/submissions/jeb_information.html. Many of the instructions will not apply but pay particular attention to the instructions for: Text, Appendices, References in text, Reference list, preparing the figures, graphs and line art, text labeling. If you have questions you may find it useful to browse through an issue of this journal to see how tables, graphs and references are done. Page limit rules: Font Helvetica or Arial, size 12, 1.5 spacing for all text. Margins = 50 pt top, bottom, and right, left. Page limits are set for each section of your lab report. Any text that exceeds the page limit will not be marked by your TA. You cannot save space in one section (e.g. Results) and use it for Discussion. Printing double sided is a great idea to save paper but you cannot exceed the page limit by handing in 2 pages of double sided text and have it count as 2 pages of single sided. Many students find keeping to the page limit difficult but it can be done. Writing scientific papers requires you to be brief and to the point. Scientific journals, grant applications and bids for contractual work all require the applicants to keep to page and word limits. It is YOUR responsibility to make sure that your report is complete and in the correct order. It is strongly suggested that you number your pages. This will help you to ensure that you have put your lab report in the correct order. Check list for lab 1: Cover or Title Page Results (including text explaining the results, tables & graphs that summarize the results, results of calculation, usually NO calculations go here) Conclusion

Marking rubric (pp. 25 - 26) Theory Assignment, Pages 19-22

with References (as a separate assignment) The partial lab report = 60 Theory assignment (pp. 19-22) = 40 Total = 100

Appendix (raw data tables, tables

and/or graphs that present data before it is summarized, any calculations, pre-lab assignment pages (12-16))
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Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Biology 2A03 Lab Report 1 Marking (Partial Lab Report, worth 5%): Attach this marking rubric to your lab report Title Page Title of lab report, your name, id #, lab section, TAs name, date of lab & due date. Include this chart at the end of your report. Marking Category
Page 2 Length

TA Comments

Mark

Pre-lab Assignment: pages 12-16. 3 day Kilocalorie intake, one day kilocalorie expenditure charts and your personal BMR calculation
completed and shown to your TA in Lab 1 tutorial. Your charts must have your TAs initials from the Lab 1 tutorial. If not initialed by TA at the time of Lab 1 tutorial, = 0/5

/5

Results How well is the data recorded? No calculations (put details of calculations in the
Appendix, only the results of the calculations go in the Results). Description of results (but no interpretation). Data presentation - tables & graphs are included in the Results section. How well is the data recorded? Description of results as trends BUT NO INTERPRETATION, excessive data should be put in the Appendix. Graphs & Tables are not included in the page limit. Limit the number of tables or graphs by combining data into fewer tables/graphs. Follow the J. of Exp. Biology guidelines for table or graph style. Tables & graphs must summarize the data.

/40

Conclusions (5%) What conclusions can you draw from this study? What recommendations can you make based on your data?

-1

/5

Any text exceeding these page limits will not be marked by your TA! Text must be Helvetica or Arial 12 pt, 1.5 spacing, margins 50 pt, top, bottom, left, right.
27 of 28
Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.

Biology 2A03 Lab 1 Human Nutrition

Winter Term 2012

This lab chapter was developed by and is the property of the Biology Department, McMaster University. Unauthorized copying of this laboratory chapter in its entirety or part is prohibited without permission of the Biology Department, McMaster University

Biology 2A03 Lab Report 1 Marking (Partial Lab Report, worth 5%): Attach this marking rubric to your lab report Title Page Title of lab report, your name, id #, lab section, TAs name, date of lab & due date. Include this chart at the end of your report. Marking Category Appendix 5% raw data sheets, for lab 1 = 3 days of diet record (3) and one days worth
of activity (1), any summary data & calculations (BMR calculations). The results of the calculations go in the Results section. Label tables & Graphs in the Appendix with A1, A2 etc. to differentiate them from tables & graphs in the Results section. (Pre-lab assignment pages go in the Appendix).
Page 2 Length

TA Comments

Mark

5-6

/5

Style, Layout, Overall Impression /Spelling 5% - grammar, spelling, and complete

sentences (not in point form)? - Neatness of layout, professional looking? - Logical statements? Use spell check Marking rubric included with lab report (marks lost if not included)

/5

PARTIAL LAB REPORT TOTAL = THEORY ASSIGNMENT TOTAL = LAB 1 TOTAL = Any text exceeding these page limits will not be marked by your TA! Text must be Helvetica or Arial 12 pt, 1.5 spacing margins 50 pt, top, bottom, left, right
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1

/60 /40 /100

Note: This is a semi-formal lab report, due at 5 pm ONE week from your regularly scheduled lab (January 23 27, ALL lab sections). Hand your lab report to your lab sections drop box located on the first floor of Life Sciences. It is your responsibility to ensure that your lab report is submitted to the correct drop box, that your report is complete and handed in on time. Late lab reports will not be marked and will receive a grade of zero. Reports submitted to the wrong drop box will be considered to be late and will NOT be marked.