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Emeritus Professor Carl Thayer Presentation to Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies March 5 2012 5,
1. Background
Geography, climate, water, domestication of crops and animals, surplus production, sedentary d ti d t societies, writing, political systems (kings, bureaucrats, military, corvee labour, craftsmen) technology bronze/iron, trade b /i d navigation, commerce epidemics
PrePre-Colonial Civilisations
2. Pre-Colonial States in India PreUnified sub-continent Ashoka first universal emperor Budhism peaked Kautilya, Arthashastra Bramin advisers Land revenue Mandala Border with Greece
Gupta Dynasty (250-550 CE) (250The Golden Age of India Dynasty based on Hinduism Tolerance towards T l t d Buddhism SubSub-continental focus
Moghul Empire
15261526-1858 CE Northern India subjected to repeated invasions by Persians, Greeks, Greeks Arabs and Central Asians Islam and Hinduism cocoexisted
Sinification
B ddhi l t t domestic ti Buddhism plays an i important d political role in Thailand, Cambodia, Tibet and Sri Lanka
Opposition to government Vietnam, Myanmar Regime legitimization in Laos
EthnoEthno-nationalist conflicts in Kashmir, southern Philippines southern Thailand Philippines, Thailand, Xinjiang (China)
Piracy
International trade passes through strategic straits and choke points of Southeast Asia
Global trade and identity politics remain potent drivers of change China and India re-emerge re-
Impact of Colonialism
Direct and Indirect colonial rule Territory rigidly demarcated Centralized administration & law & order
Taxation, covee labour
Alien immigrants Economic development Transport systems developed Media developed Population growth/urbanization