Question Excerpt From Chapter 11, Personality Q.

1) The social cognitive perspective of personality theory_____________________ emphasizes learning and conscious cognitive processes, including the importance of A. beliefs about the self, goal setting, and self-regulation. emphasizes the importance of unconcious processes and the influence of early childhood B. experience. emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among C. individuals. represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and the fulfillment of D. a person's unique potential. Q.2) The trait perspective of personality theory __________________ emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among A. individuals. represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and the fulfillment of B. a person's unique potential. emphasizes learning and conscious cognitive processes, including the importance of C. beliefs about the self, goal setting, and self-regulation. emphasizes the importance of unconcious processes and the influence of early childhood D. experience. Q.3) The humanistic perspective of personality theory __________________ emphasizes the importance of unconcious processes and the influence of early childhood A. experience. emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among B. individuals. represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and the fulfillment of C. a person's unique potential. emphasizes learning and conscious cognitive processes, including the importance of D. beliefs about the self, goal setting, and self-regulation. Q.4) The attribution of one's own unacceptable urges or qualities to others. regression A. repression B. projection C. denial D. Thinking or behaving in a way that is the extreme opposite of unacceptable urges or Q.5) impulses. Projection A. Denial B. Reaction formation C. Regression D. According to Freud, psychological energy develops into the three basic structures of Q.6) personality. Which is NOT one of those three structures? id A. libido B. ego C. superego D.

A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient spontaneoulsy reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind. hypnosis A. free association B. introspection C. A form of displacement in which sexual urges are rechanneled into productive, nonsexual Q.8) activities. sublimation A. denial B. undoing C. rationalization D. Q.9) Retreating to a behavior pattern characteristic of an earlier stage of development. denial A. regression B. repression C. undoing D. In Freud's theory, the completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that Q.10) seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges and drives; ruled by the pleasure principle. Eros A. ego B. id C. superego D. In Freud's theory,, a child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent, usually Q.11) accompanied by hostile feelings toward the same-sex parent. identification A. Oedipus complex B. ego defense mechanism C. penis envy D. Q.12) The psychoanalytic persepctive of personality theory____________ represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and the fulfillment of A. a person's unique potential. emphasizes learning and conscious cognitive processes, including the importance of B. beliefs about the self, goal setting, and self-regulation. emphasizes the importance of unconcious processes and the influence of early childhood C. experience. emphasizes the description and measurement of specific personality differences among D. individuals. In Freud's dynamic theory of personality, the ______________ level of awareness Q.13) contains information that you're not currently aware of but can easily bring to concious awareness. conscious A. unconscious B. preconscious C. subconscious. D. Q.7)

The Freudian psychosexual stage in which pleasure is derived through elimination and acquiring control over elimination. oral A. phallic B. anal C. genital D. One major criticism of the _________________ and _______________ perspectives on Q.15) personality theory, is the lack of scientific testability and empircal evidence. trait, humanistic A. humanistic, psychoanalytic B. humanistic, social-cognitive C. social-cognitive, trait D. Children in the _____________ stage will outwardly show a strong desire to associate Q.16) exclusively with same-sex peers. genital A. anal B. oral C. latency D. The final resoluation of the Oedipus complex occurs in adolescence during the ________ Q.17) stage, during which incestuous urges start to resurface, and the personb directs sexual urges toward socially acceptable substitutes. latency A. genital B. phallic C. oral D. The Freudian psychosexual stage in which pleasure seeking is focused on the genitals. Q.18) (Hint: Occurs during the first five years of life). phallic stage A. genital B. anal C. oral D. According to Freud, sexual urges of boys and girls become repressed during the Q.19) ____________ stage in late childhood, due to the intense anxiety associated with the Oedipus complex. genital A. latency B. oral C. anal D. Psychologist who believed that the most fundamental human motive is striving for Q.20) superiority. Carl Rogers A. Carl Jung B. Karen Horney C. Alfred Adler D. Q.21) Psychologist who stressed the importance of cultural and social factors in personality Q.14)

development. Alfred Adler A. Karen Horney B. Carl Jung C. Sigmund Freud D. In Freud's theory, the _______________ level of awareness represents the thoughts, Q.22) feelings, wishes and drives that are operating below the level of concious awareness. unconscious A. conscious B. subconscious C. preconscious D. Q.23) Penis envy is a term used to describe_________________ a child's unconcious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent, usually accompanied by A. hostile feelings. a man's desire to have a penis similar in size to those of African's and their descendents. B. The sense of deprivation and loss a little girl exepriences when she discovers that boys C. have a penis, and she does not. Psychologists who believed that the deepest part of the individual psyche is the collective Q.24) unconcious, whihc is shared by all people and reflects humanity's collective evolutionary history. Karen Horney A. Sigmund Freud B. Carl Junge C. Alfred Adler D. A type of personality test that involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image; used Q.25) to assess unconcious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality traits. psychological test A. projective test B. Rorscach Inkblot Test C. Graphology D. Theory of personality which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, Q.26) conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism. social cognitive A. humanistic B. psychoanalytic C. trait D. Carl Rogers believed that the most basic human motive is the ___________________, Q.27) which is the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism. self-concept A. actualizing tendency B. conditional positive regard C. unconditional positive regard D. The ________________ is the set of perceptions and beliefs that you have about yourself, Q.28) including your nature, your personal qualitites and your typical behaviour.

actualizing tendency conditional positive regard self concept unconditional positive regard The _____________ perspective stresses concious thought processes, self-regulation, and Q.29) the importance of situational influences. social cognitive A. humanistic B. trait C. psychoanalytic D. In Freud's dynamic theory of personality, the _____________ level is the level of Q.30) awareness that represents all the thoughts, feelings, and sensations that you're aware of at a particular moment . preconscious A. concious B. unconcious C. subconscious D. Q.31) The ________________ is a projective test using inkblots. Rorscach Inkblot Test A. psychological test B. Thematic Apperception Test C. Q.32) According to Freud, the first year of life is characterized as the ___________ stage. anal A. latency B. oral C. phallic D. Q.33) The Neo-Freudians include: Hans Eysenck, Karen Horney, Albert Bandura A. Carl Rogers, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler B. Carl Jung, Karen Horney, Alfred Adler C. Alfred Adler, Albert Bandura D. In Roger's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved even if you don't conform to Q.34) the standards and expectations of others is called: conditional positive regard A. unconditional positive regard B. actualizing tendency C. self-concept D. In Roger's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way Q.35) that is acceptable to others is called _________________ actualizing tendency A. self-concept B. conditional positive regard C. unconditional positive regard D. Q.36) Albert Bandura was a proponent of which perspective of personality? A. B. C. D.

psychoanalytic behaviorist humanistic social cognitive The beliefs that people have about their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation; Q.37) feelings of self-confidence or self-doubt. reciprocal determinism A. self-efficacy B. self-concept C. ego defense mechanism D. A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual Q.38) differences in behavioral predispositions. psychoanalytic A. humanistic B. trait C. social cognitive D. One criticism, or weakness, of __________ theories is that they don't really explain human Q.39) personality. Intead, they simply label general predispositions to behave in a certain way. humanistic A. psyhcoanalytic B. trait C. social-cognitive D. People who rate high on the personality trait of __________________ tend to be upbeat, Q.40) optimistic, and sociable. introversion A. extraversion B. neuroticism C. A type of psychological test in which a person's responses to standardized questions are Q.41) compared to established norms. projective test A. inkblot test B. Thematic Apperception Test C. self-report inventory D. Q.42) A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way. trait A. surface trait B. self-concept C. actualizing tendency D. The most fundamental dimensions of personality; the broad, basic traits that are Q.43) hypothesized to be universal and relatively few in number. behaviors A. surface traits B. traits C. source traits D. Q.44) A trait theory of personality that identifies extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, A. B. C. D.

conscientiousness, and openness to experience as the fundamental building blocks of personality. five-factor model A. 16 personality factors B. surface trait model C. source trait model D. Psycologists who advocated the trait apporach to personality. His research led to the Q.45) development of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionaire, one of the most widely used psychological tests for assessing personality. Hans Eysenk A. Albert Bandura B. Raymond Cattle C. Carl Rogers D. Personality characteristics or attributes that can easily be inferred from observable Q.46) behavior. traits A. source traits B. surface traits C. self-concepts D. Q.47) Proponenents of trait theory include Karen Horney,. Albert Bandura A. Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck B. Alfred Adler, Raymond Cattel C. Hans Eysenck, Albert Bandura D. Self Report Inventories are ____________ test, while projective tests are much more Q.48) _____________ vague, clear A. subjective, objective B. objective subjective C. difficult, easy D. A projective personality test that involves creating stories about each of a series of Q.49) amiguous scenes. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) A. Inkblot Test B. psychological test C. graphology D. A model proposed by Albert Bandura that explains human functioning and personality as Q.50) caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. reciprocal determinism A. self-efficacy B. trait theory C. sublimation D. Q.51) People who rate high on ____________ tend to be anxious, worried, and socially insecure. neuroticim A.

B. C.

introversion extraversion

Multiple Choice Quiz

1 Which of the following is not included in the definition of personality psychology? A) B) C) D) 2 For something to be a part of personality it should A) B) C) D) 3 A researcher who studies how evolution may have shaped human behavior is in the _____ domain of personality knowledge. A) B) C) D) 4 Which of the following is not part of the dispositional domain of knowledge? biological intrapsychic cognitive/experiential social and cultural always be evident. never change. be relatively stable over time. apply to all people. it deals with adaptations to the environment it deals with how traits influence the environment it deals with how the environment influences traits all of the above are included

A) B) C) D) 5

using statistical methods to identify fundamental traits identifying the number of fundamental traits the lexical strategy theorizing about unconscious processes

Theories and beliefs differ in that A) B) C) D) theories are more important than beliefs. beliefs are more important than theories. theories rely on systematic observations, but beliefs do not. beliefs can make predictions, but theories can not.