Outline

1986 NZSEE Red Book Basis for seismic design of tanks Regulatory changes NZSEE 2008 revised methodology Comparative Examples

NZSEE 2008 Recommendations for Seismic Design of Storage Tanks

David Whittaker & Dean Saunders on behalf of the NZSEE Tank Study Group

NZNSEE 1986 Red Book

All kinds of tanks Widely used in NZ and overseas Largely adopted in Eurocode Elastic design, no ductility Difficult in practice Hazards estimates out of date

Seismic Design basis for tanks

Regulatory Changes
NZS 4203 revisions & NZS 1170 Dangerous Goods Regs repealled HSNO Act API 650 updates (steel tanks)

NZSEE 2008 methodology

Changes from 1986 method
In accordance with NZS1170 (or other international code) Limited ductility permitted ( = 1.25 or 2.0) Adjustment factor for damping and ductility Ease of use

Vi = Cd (Ti ) mi g

NZSEE 2008 methodology

Design horizontal load

Displacement ductility factors k f ,i

Vi = Cd (Ti ) mi g Cd (Ti ) = C (Ti )k f ( , i )S p

C (Ti ) = Ch (Ti ) Z Ru N (Ti , D )
kf(, i )= correction for ductility & damping

Ductility Factor = 1.25 Steel tank designed to remain elastic Steel tank elastic (diamond) buckling mode Steel tank with non-ductile holding-down bolts Timber tanks Other non-ductile materials

Ductility Factor = 2.0 Steel tank unanchored and designed for uplift Steel tank with ductile holding down bolts Steel tank with yielding skirt pedestal Concrete tanks on grade Other tanks from ductile materials

Damping
Steel Tanks, t / R = 0.002
35

k f ,i

Spectrum Correction Factors

1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0%

k f ,i

30

0.5

ductility = 1.0 ductility = 1.25 ductility = 2.0

25 Damping Factor, % 1.0 20 0.3 15 1.5 10 2.0 5 H/R = 3.0 0 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

Correction Factor kf

Shear Wave Velocity, m/s

5%

10%

15% Damping

20%

25%

30%

Importance levels
Consequence of Failure Slight Moderate Serious Extreme Importance Level 1 2 3 4 Design Return Period 100 500 1000 2500

Ru
Return Period Factor 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Comparative Examples
Case Location Tank Material Product Stored Anchorage Design Return Period (yrs) 500 2,500 500 2500 500 2500 1000 1000 Ground Type

Wellington Wellington Auckland Auckland Wellington Wellington Wellington Auckland

Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Concrete Concrete

Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Diesel Petrol Water Water

Unanchored Unanchored Unanchored Unanchored Anchored Anchored Unanchored Unanchored

Shallow soil Deep soil Shallow soil Deep soil Deep soil Deep soil Rock Rock

4.0

2.0 Impulsive Coefficient (g)

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

1.5

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

3.0

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

Case 1 type: unanchored steel petrol tank location: Wellington risk: Moderate

2.0 1.76

1.5 1.08 1.0

Case 2 type: unanchored steel petrol tank location: Wellington risk: Extreme

Case 5 type: anchored steel petrol tank location: Wellington risk: Moderate

4.0 3.36 3.0

Case 6 type: anchored steel petrol tank location: Wellington risk: Extreme

1.0
0.74

2.0 1.40 1.0

2.0

0.5

0.47

0.48 0.36

0.60 0.5

0.69

1.12 1.0 0.60 0.60

0.62

0.48

0.40

0.0 NZSEE 2008 NZNSEE 1986 API 650 2003 API 650 2006 & NZS1170

0.0

0.0

0.0

NZSEE 2008

NZNSEE 1986

API 650 2003

API 650 2006 & NZS1170

3.0

NZSEE 2008

NZNSEE 1986

API 650 2003

API 650 2006 & NZS1170

NZSEE 2008

NZNSEE 1986

API 650 2003

API 650 2006 & NZS1170

2.0

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

1.5

Case 3 type: unanchored steel petrol tank location: Auckland risk: Moderate

2.0

1.5

Case 4 type: unanchored steel petrol tank location: Auckland risk: Extreme
0.97

2.5

Case 7 type: prestressed concrete water reservoir location: Wellington risk: Intended Facility (Serious)
1.95 1.73

3.0

2.5

Case 8 type: prestressed concrete water reservoir location: Auckland risk: Intended Facility (Serious)

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.5

0.5 0.15 0.0

0.40 0.24 0.12

0.5

0.35

0.30

0.22

1.0 0.66 0.5

1.0

0.86

0.0

0.5

NZSEE 2008

NZNSEE 1986

API 650 2003

API 650 2006 & NZS1170

NZSEE 2008

NZNSEE 1986

API 650 2003

API 650 2006 & NZS1170

0.23

0.35

0.0

0.0

NZSEE 2008

NZNSEE 1986

NZS 3106

NZSEE 2008

NZNSEE 1986

NZS 3106

HSNO Compliance
Seeking Approved Code of Practice status Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA) administers

Financial assistance
NZSEE Mobil Oil New Zealand Ltd, Shell Oil New Zealand Ltd, Caltex Oil New Zealand Ltd, BP Oil New Zealand Ltd, NZ Refining Ltd., Shell Todd Oil Services Ltd, New Zealand Insurance Ltd

Study Group Membership

David Whittaker (Convenor), Dean Saunders, Rob Jury, John Wood, Barry Davidson, Graeme McVerry John Mason

Questions?