Tffi#;',ffi'lr#,# W 0)

,)
i.) A person is exempted ftom th#
U.l Otir who is$rdril#is
a person

t)

m;fu#.*

sL, p,.,

excused from
a release

ually excuses
from the law in a special cate/ . For a dispensation to be

c.)Whenasubjectisffi.A

from the observance of the law.

trffiis d. When ttre subject irliwful,

a

by a

ffi.

favor not due to

Apan from this, a pelson remains necessary and it must be right gTlFd tq a p.eTs.on or group of n1r13ns law. Legis6tors glanting the privilege should however grant privileges

Alffis.a

in.w+ertbgn*F|F!ilffiv.

ffi,3ryay*r41,1P ,//
may cease through a former law. A law can lose its force because

tlaw

an

fuabrogates
:

ffi
ffihich
Latin adjectiv Latin form which the noun consciousness is derived. Eut from the Latin from translates into Enelish
is the
s

affi[ls

co

I conscius
/convientia

conscious
J Consciousness

*4n4

J conscience

A.

ffiffi

.af frailiffif MdL iMgennr

benveeng&iflnns

.Fnnnt (owfit

A distinction must be made

WffIhffand

impels him to fulfillit, and cosscience man in_the couaete situation what his moral obligation it

ffififfi|l, @ aqsu*ffitt.

which tells

The former, hich makes known to man his moral oblieations and urses him to fulfiII them, It is not taken primarily as a theoretical or scientific knovrledge of moral yaluer or of good and evil, but thatffileading a person to perform the good that a person ought to do.

ll|finad

-1
-

og6 itay /l. Grl

,/Ls r,_l

l u
J

larutu*r-

10

The iatter:, conscience is taken as a judgmenf r:fthe plactical L'{lasou t-rn {.he rnoraffy of a concrete action comir:.anding a person to clo what is goocl antl t"o avrirl i'ihirt. is evil. In rnost cases! judgment is r:ot reflexive but spontancous. R. I)ivision clf Cottscierrcc as Moral Juclgrn,"rt

Conscience can be:

a.),{atececlent i-f the judgrner, on the morality of an ac:l.it-,nnn(l the ol:ligation t* perform or omit the saicl aclion is conveyed before ilie action is dr:ne . ,iLiicccdet.lt conscience cornmands, exhorts, permits or forbids. b.) ConsequenL if it evaluares a rlced thalhas beeu done or qmr{tcd. Cl;nsequent conscience approves,
excuses, r'eproves o-r accuses

The nuelerls or the elenentary grout,:1of conscience is i':,llq:,1 ril'irt(.lcsi.s (or sy-ndereqis.orsy,raei{esis).

Accolding to St, 'fhotnas Aquinas, syntcresis is the 1ro$itt.tlnr !irr: ultirnate moral pr.ncrpie which are notr:educible,to principles. rattrrer, it shoulcl be perceivcl{ l:'; i1:<: pl;i{,ttical-*nderstanding. Its (rost u'':iversal plrnciple of synteresil is the goocl rs.ust be ri,:ire 6:"' :i gvjl arroid,ed,a.t all,tirles. Man's knowlecLp"e of hls existential euds and the basic l,oral prlrciprles lnnst c(irnilv lrr: attributed to the innatc faculty of s1'nteres::'. According to St. Bonavertture, synteresis is not, only a pr.rr-r-irril,c l;tcrriry but more than that, a votritive"ploperfy tirat urges man to accep['thf, known.g,rr,r,i ,rrid irr,:lirres hirn to practi.ce it. 'fhe mystics very appropria,':1y rlace syuteresis as ttrre inucrrrlor:t grururd of conscience i1 the scintilla anlnuz (the spark of t.he ioul) lor it is less 46c's55jl,lr: 1r: li:c r:orrtarnination of sip.

'ihe practicai n:rraL knowteclge that is acquired and devclui-recl artrJ svnteresis constinrte the hahitus of conscience. Tilis lrcbitusis the presupposit.ior: atld :. ';;r.c'F'lr t}e practical juclgment
clictates to man iiis rnoral obiigation

tfuat

in the

"on.u.t"

sitrrrri,

..

C. Sacrecl Scripture

or tlle nature ui,r*uilscience

,'

Old

Testament

From the very beginning ofee{sm*iem&iry?, the*ealily CIf,*,e.qdrierr@,thatrorldffii$tmtryf.ffir cu."rmmitting:transgressfuunis*r*oerm" Gen 3'.7-.IA (r\daln ;u:rl j:vc,rftcr they have eatr rr of the forbiddentree); Ge" 4:9-14(Cain, afterl:ehadkilledhis bi,,'1,r:r, A.{.rr,:[) and.Z Sarn24:10(]aviri whose hear:t stnote trim because he had. o-umbcred the pco;iir; ir j'rirlit tlre will of the Lotdj- If is evident frcm these x. God gave Cain the remorse for his clime.