The Eagle Eye

Beverly Composite Squadron Massachusetts Wing Civil Air Patrol December 2008 Volume 2, Number 12

Promotions & Awards

Cadet of the Month
C/A1C Christopher Dullea was selected as the Cadet of the Month for November 2008 based on the accumulated points.

Cadets
We had five cadet promotions to acknowledge this month.

Cadet Ortins Advancement

Armstrong Beverly teen Cadet Chief Master Sergeant Alexander Ortins earned and was awarded the Armstrong Achievement Ribbon.

Cadet Chief Master Sergeant Alexander Ortins Beverly teen Cadet Chief Master Sergeant Alexander Ortins is an Honor Roll Sophmore at Beverly High School in Beverly Massachusetts where he is also a member of the cross country team and wrestling team. He is also a Staff Sergeant in the Marine JROTC program at Beverly High School. When not busy with school work, Civil Air Patrol or JROTC advancement, C/CMSgt. Ortins enjoys paintball, and Tae Kwon Do. C/SMSgt Ortins has been a member of the Civil Air Patrol since July of 2006, and is currently the squadrons Echo Flight Commander." Beyond Civil Air Patrol, becoming a plebe at the US Military Academy, West Point is a goal Sergeant Ortins has set for himself. In addition to the Unit Citation C/SMSgt Alexander Ortins has earned the General J. F. Curry Achievement, General
Promotions continues on Page 10

Cadet Airman First Class Christopher Dullea In an accumulated points blow out Airman First Class Christopher Dullea outdistanced the number two cadet by an impressive point margin to capture the title of Cadet of the Month for November 2008. Peabody teen C/AMN Christopher Dullea is a Senior at Peabody Veterans Memorial HS in Peabody Massachusetts. Airman Dullea has been a member of the Civil Air Patrol since September of 2007. When not doing school work or attending CAP activities he enjoys Computers, track and Games. Airman Dullea is also an
CM continues on Page 16

The Eagle Eye 1

Staff
Commanders Message
By Tom Lyons, Major CAP

DCS Message
By Dan Parsons, 1st Lt CAP

Deputy Commander of Seniors

Squadron Commander

It's hard to believe the year is over already. It seems as if we just moved in to the new building. I think I am still hurting from all the projects. Thanks again to all of you who pitched in and helped out. The squadron has grown in both cadets and senior members this past year. I think everyone wants to belong to a squadron that is active and participates in missions for America. We have fun and challenge each other, that is what makes us interesting. We have had both young and old people watch what we do this year. Everyone is impressed with the professional attitude and military bearing that all our members present. They also see that we enjoy what we are doing and that we take pride in who we are and what we do. We have faced many challenges to get here, and we have a few more to go. We supported the airport community as requested, and we gave the airport a positive image with the dance we held in September. We need to keep up the good work and improve this coming year in or value to the airport. We are looking for ways to create more cadet classroom space in the future. As the cadet corps grows, so do its needs. We need some storage room as well because of our growth and the renewed interest in Emergency Services work. These are all things to address over the coming year. But it doesnt end there, with the growth comes more challenges for us to face. If you have any ideas for fund raising, let me know. The dance proceeds paid the rent and utilities for next year, but there are always other expenses we incur on an
Commander continues on Page 26

During this busy Holiday Season take some time for yourself.
Read the following note that was given to me a few years ago There is a lot of truth to it The Mayonnaise Jar and 2 Cups of Coffee When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar and the 2 cups of coffee. A professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, he wordlessly picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was. The professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the students again if the was jar was full. They agreed it was. The professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous "Yes."
DCS continues on Page 20

The Eagle Eye 2

Emergency Services
From the Desk of
David Cuscuna, 1st Lt CAP

From the Desk of

Andrew W. Buck, Captain CAP

Assistant Communications Officer

Emergency Services Training Officer

HI to all squadron members, I hope everyone had a good Thanksgiving and that you are anticipating a wonderful Christmas this year. Just a reminder that there will be a BCUT (Basic Communications User Training ) course, in January Date: 10 January 2009 1000 - 1300 Place: Squadron HQ Eligible: All cadets and Seniors Uniform: BDUs (New Cadets Civvies) This gives a bit more time to download a CAPR 100-1 and start reviewing for the training, If you have any communications needs please contact me and we can get you answers to questions and resolutions to your problems. Any questions please see me at the squadron. Thank you. Thanks Dave

FEMA ICS Courses

First, I am very pleased with the concerted effort on the part of the ES qualified officers in completing the required FEMA courses. There was a lot less grumbling than I anticipated. Well Done! I know you have been preached at a lot about ICS and the new courses we have to take now, but once you start taking them you begin to get a feel as to why they are necessary, and not so different from what we do today as a part of CAP SOP. So, Im going to assume you are all good do-bees, and you are taking courses right and left and just need to know what to take. First some current stats for Beverly Composite Squadron seniors concerning the six CAP required courses: 20 Officers completed and passed the IS-100 course. 9 Officers completed and passed the IS-200 course. 12 Officers completed and passed the IS-700 course. 1 Officer has completed the IS-800 course

Of our Officers there are; five officers who have three or more course completions and one who has completed all four of the above courses. We are still collecting IS Course completion certificates so that total might go up, st get your certificates in to 1 Lt. Dan Parsons. If you have st an electronic copy of your certificate, email it to 1 Lt. Parsons and he will process your certificate and make sure you have both on-line and paper credit for the
ESTO continues on Page 25

The Eagle Eye 3

Aerospace
Aerospace Education Program
By Andrew W. Buck, Captain CAP
Assistant Aerospace Education Officer

Aerospace Current Event

Andrew W. Buck, Captain CAP
Assistant Aerospace Education Officer

Petroleum = Fossil Fuel? Maybe not!

The charter of NASA is to study, among other things planetology, to better understand not only the other planets in our solar system, but our humble home here on earth. This month we are going to take a break from airplanes, rockets, and all the other fun stuff, and look at what we stand on every day, our planet.

Boeing 787 Schedule Slipping

Aviation week is reporting that there will be more delays in the Boeing 787 first flight. This slippage will push out the initial delivery schedule as well.

From the mouths of Politicians

Speaker of the house, Democrat Nancy Pelosi of California recently claimed that natural gas was not a fossil fuel, while oil clearly was and as such was in finite supply.

Boeing 787 Rollout According to the Aviation week report Boeing had to redesign the wing root. The design delays have been compounded by a machinist strike and supply chain delays on a fastener.

A Vivid View
Speaker Pelosi Pundits pointed out that Everybody but the Speaker knows that oil is a fossil fuel, and so is natural gas! While I dont doubt that the speaker was most likely confused about the origins of natural gas, and what the conventional wisdom might be, she may have been half
AE continues on Page 12 The Eagle Eye 4

More than four centuries after the brilliant star explosion witnessed by Tycho Brahe and other astronomers of the era, NASA's Spitzer and Chandra space observatories and the Calar Alto observatory in Spain captured this image of the supernova remnant. This composite image combines infrared and X-ray observations.

AE CE continues on Page 21

Cadets
Cadet Commanders Message
By Anthony Scicchitano, C/2d Lt CAP

Flight Commander Message

By Philip Posillio, C/CMSgt CAP

Cadet Commander

Bravo Flight Commander Although many recent changes have taken effect in our cadet core and flight, I would like to say that all of my cadets have been doing an extraordinary job handling the changes. Additionally, our new flights which consist of remnants of the old Alpha and Eagle, appear to be showing much promise. Our first meeting in December allowed the new Flight Leaders to show what they are capable and also gave them a chance to figure out what needs to be improved upon.
Bravo Flight continues on Page 6

Stepping Up: Taking Charge

In a time when a lot of the staff may be absent, many people are going to have to step up, and take charge. Winter season is here and along with it, winter sports and activities. I know for a fact that at least the Alpha Flight Commander, C/CMSgt Alex Ortins, and myself will be absent from many of the meetings from the 17th of December through the 4th of February. That means people are going to have to fill in. There is already a set standard for who takes over the charge of what position. In my absence the First Sergeant will take on the role and responsibilities of Cadet Commander. In the absence of a Flight Commander, like Chief Ortins, the Flight Sergeant (Flight Leader) would take charge of the flight. That means that the Flight Sergeant/Leader position would also have to be filled, so the senior Element Leader will be taking charge as the Flight Leader. This means that someone is going to also have to step up, and take charge, of the element. For those of you that are chosen to take charge of a position, this will be a leadership challenge for you. This is your chance to show what youve learned and what you can do in a leadership role. This is going to be valuable experience for you and your future as a leader. Take advantage of every chance you get to get this valuable experience.

Flight Commander Message

By Freeman Condon, C/CMSgt CAP

Charlie Flight Commander

It looks like the cadets of Beverly Composite Squadron have a lot to look forward to in the coming year. The recent reformation of the flights will facilitate the training of cadets at all experience levels, and will allow a greater number of experienced cadets to assume leadership roles. These changes, and others, will guarantee our cadet program's continued success and development for 2009, something we can all get excited about.

The Eagle Eye 5

Flight Leader Message

By Ian Johnston, C/SrA CAP

Cadet Programs
FLYING
The Cadet Orientation Flight (COF) program is designed to introduce our youth, under 18 years old, to general aviation through hands-on orientation flights in single engine aircraft and gliders. http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/cadet_programs/prog rams/flying.cfm

Charlie Flight Leader

Im glad to be chosen as Charlie Flight Leader; I know all of my cadets and I can say that we are going to give the new Bravo Flight a run for its money. I look forward to helping every member of Charlie Flight become successful cadets as well as leaders.

SCHOLARSHIPS
Each year, Civil Air Patrol provides academic and flight scholarships to deserving cadets and seniors who meet eligibility requirements. Over $200,000 is available. http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/cadet_programs/programs/ scholarships/index.cfm
Bravo Flight continues from Page 5

I also have to thank my Flight Leader Sauer for his work to help Bravo Flight. Before we lost members, he was also my Alpha Flight Leader, and was routinely assisting me with making schedule plans, activities, clearing paperwork, drilling, and teaching what needed to be taught. Bravo Flight, I know we are going to be make progress and we will be ready for all inspections, hoorah. Philip Posillio Charlie Flight Commander

SPECIAL AWARDS
Cadet of the Year Squadron awards The Congressional Award http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/cadet_programs/programs/ special_awards/index.cfm

LEADERSHIP
Cadets are taught how to lead in a carefully controlled safe environment. A good leader is a good follower, so cadets are taught how to follow by senior cadets. Once they learn how to follow they are taught how to lead a small group. As the leadership skills are developed cadets are given greater leadership challenges. Throughout the process all leadership training is closely monitored by the senior members to insure the Cadet Protection Policy is followed.

Factoid: Q: What was the only U.S. battleship to be present at

both the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on Decemer7, 1941, and at the D-Day invasion, on June6, 1944?

PARENTS
Parents are welcome to participate in CAP. No prior military service or special skills are required. Whether you want to help chaperone cadets once in a while or become a full-fledged senior member active in CAP missions, we would love to have you get involved in CAP. http://members.gocivilairpatrol.com/cadet_programs/pare nts/

A: The U.S.S. Nevada. Q: How were the height and width of modern American
battleships originally determined?

A: The ships had to be able to go beneath the Brooklyn

Bridge and through the Panama Canal.

Source:
http://www.triviacountry.com/19_Military_Trivia.htm

The Eagle Eye 6

Safety
Safety
By William Frank, 2d Lt CAP

determine if it is really the best alternative. Ask if MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound, and other nonionizing diagnostic techniques are possible options. Get a second opinion if you have any reservations. Always avoid radiation exposure if you have reason to believe it is unnecessary.

Safety Officer

Radiation Exposure
This month I am presenting some information on controlling exposure to radiation. These guidelines are taken from the National Safety Council. The details below are general tips for radiation exposure. Following this information are specific situations and recommendations for controlling exposure. Test your home for radon, and reduce radon levels if necessary. (See Controlling Exposure to Radon) Evaluate medical uses of radiation, and weigh benefits and risks. (See Controlling Medical Radiation Exposure) Minimize exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun by: o Wearing protective clothing and sunglasses Wearing sunscreen Limiting exposure to midday sun

Individual Actions You Can Take to Control Radon Exposure

Testing for radon is easy: Buy a low-cost, radon test kit from a qualified laboratory through the mail or in hardware or home-improvement stores. Hire a professional to do the testing. In this case, EPA recommends choosing a qualified measurement company or individual (e.g., home inspector). Check with your state radon office; most states require radon professionals to be licensed, certified or registered. A variety of methods are used to reduce radon in homes, schools, and other buildings. Simple systems using pipes and fans may be used to reduce radon. Such systems are called sub-slab depressurization and do not require major changes to a home. These systems remove radon gas from below the concrete floor and the foundation before it can enter the building. The typical cost for a contractor to install a subslab depressurization system ranges from $500 to $2500, about the same cost as other common home repairs and routine maintenance. With the technology available today, elevated radon levels can be reduced to below four pCi/L more than 95 percent of the time, and to below two pCi/L an estimated 70 to 80 percent of the
Safety continues on Page 19

If you find high radon concentrations:

o o

Participate in public decision-making on issues such as facility sites and standards.

Individual Actions You Can Take to Control Medical Radiation Exposure

You can minimize your exposure from medical radiation by taking these actions: Discuss your treatment with your doctor to

The Eagle Eye 7

PAO
By Andrew Buck, Captain CAP

PDO Message
By Dan Parsons, 1st Lt CAP

Public Affair Officer

Professional Development Officer

Massachusetts RMV Gotcha

The Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles will cut costs by not mailing out notices to Massachusetts residence reminding them about license renewals. They are going to save money on postage, and make money on fines when you get caught driving on an expired drivers license. You can check this out in two places:

Do You Want to Continue Your Education?

These classes are available to you ..provided you meet the eligibility criteria. CAP members can enroll in both subject-specific courses, such as Scanner, Observer, Emergency Services Officer, Safety Officer, and Public Affairs Officer courses, and any USAF unclassified subject-specific course; and also "Professional Military Education" (PME) courses, such as the CAP Officer Course, Squadron Officer School, Air Command and Staff College, and Air War College.

http://www.mass.gov/rmv/
http://www.snopes.com/politics/traffic/massrenewal.asp

Awards Night
When: 21 January 2009 Where: Ipswich VFW In the interest of keeping costs down the annual awards night will be a more low key event than last year. This year we will still be at the VFW, but the food part of the evening will be limited to light refreshments instead of a potluck meal. That should give us more time to recognize the achievements of the cadets and seniors.

CAP Senior Officer Course,

AFIADL Course 00013. This course is specifically for CAP members as a part of Level II training of the Senior Member Professional Development Program and includes such subjects as communication techniques, effective writing, leadership, and management. There are time constraints for completion of this course.

Squadron Officer School Correspondence Program

AFIADL Courses 00026/27A-E. This course is available for CAP senior members in the grade of captain or above as an optional portion of Level IV of the Senior Member Professional Development Program.

January Issue
I suspect that the January issue will be a little thin. It has been difficult to put this issue together and it was only Thanksgiving that collided with the publication efforts here at the Eagle Eye. I suspect that the double whammy of Christmas followed quickly by New Years will impact officer participation in putting together the first issue of the year. Please write and submit your material early, today would be good

Air Command and Staff College Correspondence Program

AFIADL Courses 00030A-F. This is an advanced-level Air Force program available to senior members who hold the grade of major or above as an optional portion of Level IV or V.

Air War College

Course 00042A-D. Air War College (AWC) is an advanced-level Air Force program available to senior
PDO continues on Page 19

The Eagle Eye 8

Ribbon Fun
By Bobby R. Thomas, Lt Col, CAP

Health Services
By James McIntosh, Major CAP

Assistant Health Services Officer

Civil Air Patrol Ribbons 1941-1960

On December 1, 1941, the Civil Air Patrol was founded as an adult organization, men and women. It wasnt until October 1, 1942 that cadets were admitted. At first a CAP adult memory may sponsor one cadet, from age fifteen to seventeen, of their sex. Later it was expanded. Cadets were limited to an enlisted rank regardless of position. Cadets wore the same uniforms as their adult counterparts, the single exception was the CAP cut out was replaced with CAPC. There was not a cadet program per se. Each squadron developed their own individual program, which included first aid, communications, Turret Gunnery, pistol shooting, drill and ceremony. Cadets took the same ground school as their seniors and studied the same material, until August 1944 when the AAF created the Cadet PreFlight Manuals. From 1941 through 1943, only merit awards were given out. But from January 1944 individuals were recognized for their service in hours. When it came to awards, there was no distinction between Cadets and Seniors. Everyone had the same criteria.

FOOD AND WATER IN THE COLD

Importance of Balanced Meals
Army rations are well balanced. The ration for 1 day provides all the essential foods the body requires. However all the ration must be eaten if all the caloric value is to be obtained. Some- items may, at times, not appeal to the individual sense of taste, but they must be eaten. - The tendency to be lazy about preparing and eating satisfactory morning and evening meals before and after a hard day on the trail must be avoided, since it is exceedingly detrimental to continued good health. After having been without normal supplies for a period of time, it is essential that men be provided with a balanced meal containing the three basic food requirements (fats, protein, and carbohydrates). When possible and especially when members are involved in rigorous activity, it may be desirable to feed four times daily. A desirable feeding plan would be the normal heavy breakfast meal, a light midmorning meal, a light afternoon meal, with the supper meal being the main meal of the day. The midmorning and mid-afternoon meal should consist of foods high in carbohydrates and include a hot liquid. Concentrated foods found in some special and survival rations are suitable for this purpose. Hot soup or teas are most desirable for the liquid. The evening meal should be heavily fortified with protein and eaten just before going to sleep. This heavy protein meal will increase body combustion above basal level, resulting in what is known as specific dynamic heat. This increase in the output of heat within the body also aids in keeping the individual warm while sleeping. If awakened by cold a small snack eaten inside the sleeping bag may increase heat production enough to permit further comfortable sleep.

Major changes were announced in the March 1949 CAP News. It is also the first time the new ribbons were shown in picture form. They announced a Red, White and Blue Cadet Merit Ribbon. The Merit Awards were reinstantiated as Service Awards for Seniors, Meritorious Service Award, Exceptional Service Award, Distinguished Service Award. New Service ribbons and criteria were created, again for Seniors. From Green, Red and Blue Service to Red, White and Blue Service. Only the highest service ribbon was worn.

Blue Cadet Merit Ribbon is awarded to Cadets who distinguish themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the Cadet program, or by extraordinary acts of
Ribbons continues on Page 16

Importance of Liquids.
In cold regions, as elsewhere, the body will not operate efficiently without adequate water. Dehydration, with its
Health continues on Page 23

The Eagle Eye 9

Ribbons continues from Page 1

Hap Arnold Achievement, Mary Feik Achievement, Wright Brothers Achievement, Captain Eddie Rickenbacker Achievement, Charles Lindbergh Achievement, Doolittle Achievement, Armstrong Achievement Ribbon, an Encampment ribbon (2008) and the VFW Civil Air Patrol NCO Award.

Cadet Davidson Advancement

Cadet Senior Master Sergeant Steven Davidson was promoted to Cadet Airman First Class this month.

Cadet Senior Airman Sears Danvers Teen Cadet Airman First Class Jason Sears is a freshman at the North Shore Tech School where he is a member of the jazz band. Cadet Sears has been a member of the civil air partol since October of 2007. Airman Sears is currently serving as the Cadet Public Affairs Officer. When not busy with school and home st work Airman 1 Class Sears enjoys building model aircraft and playing the drums. In addition to the Unit Citation, C/SrA Sears now wears the Mary Feik Achievement Ribbon, General J. F. Curry Achievement and the General Arnold Achievement and the Encampment ribbon (2008).

Cadet Chief Master Sergeant Steven Davidson Byfield teen C/CMSgt Steven Davidson is a Senior at Saint Johns Preparatory School in Danvers Massachusetts. Sergeant Davidson has been a member of the Civil Air Patrol since November of 2004 and held the staff positions of Cadet Administrative Officer and Flight Sergeant, Flight Commander Cadet Commander, and is presently the Squadrons Cadet First Sergeant. Sergeant Davidson attended encampment in July of 2005. In addition to the Unit Citation C/CMSgt Steven Davidson has earned the General J. F. Curry Achievement, General Hap Arnold Achievement, Mary Feik Achievement, Wright Brothers Achievement, Captain Eddie Rickenbacker Achievement, Charles Lindbergh Achievement, Doolittle Achievement, Goddard Achievement Ribbon, Red Service Ribbon (2), Community Service Ribbon, Cadet Recruiter, one Encampment Award, and the VFW Civil Air Patrol NCO Award.

Cadet Sauer Advancement

Cadet Airman First Class Nathaniel Sauer was promoted to Cadet Senior Airman this month.

Cadet Senior Airman Sauer Danvers teen Cadet Senior Airman (C/SrA) Nathaniel Sauer is an Freshman at St. Johns Prep in Danvers Massachusetts. Cadet Sauer has been a member of the civil air partol since November of 2007. When not busy with home work, Cadet Airman Sauer enjoys Tennis, Swimming, Surfing, skiing and working on his Radio Controlled vehicles. In addition to the Unit Citation, C/SrA Sauer now wears
Promotions continues on Page 11

Cadet Sears Advancement

Cadet Airman First Class Jason Sears was promoted to Cadet Senior Airman this month.

The Eagle Eye 10

Promotions continues from Page 10

the Mary Feik Achievement Ribbon, General J. F. Curry Achievement, the General Arnold Achievement, and Encampment (2008)

time in grade of one year is required before a 2 Lt can be promoted to First Lieutenant.

2nd Lt Frisbee Advancement

Second Lieutenant William Frisbee was promoted to First Lieutenant this month.

Cadet Gotts Advancement

Cadet Airman First Class Christopher Gotts was promoted to Cadet Senior Airman this month.

Cadet Senior Airman Christopher Gotts Cadet Senior Airman Christopher Gotts Danvers teen Senior Airman (C/SrA) Christopher Gotts has been a member of the Civil Air Patrol since June of 2008. Airman Gotts is a Junior at the Danvers High School in Danvers Massachusetts. Outside of school and Civil Air Patrol Cadet Airman Gotts enjoys paintball. Airman Gotts likes the wide variety of activities offered by CAP both during the weekly meetings and weekends and summer. Having just completed CAP Encampment at Fort Devens Airman Gotts has vivid memories of the ride in an Army Blackhawk Helicopter. In addition to the Unit Citation Airman Gotts has earned the Mary Feik Achievement Ribbon, General Hap Arnold Achievement Ribbon, Curry achievement, and the Encampment Ribbon for attending the Mass Wing 2008 Sumer Encampment. Medford resident 1 Lt William Frisbee, is a former CAP Mitchell cadet and a private Pilot. He is currently in training to become a Civil Air Patrol Pilot, with the goal of becoming a cadet orientation pilot and a mission pilot. He is currently serving as the Squadron Information Technology Officer and as the Squadrons Leadership Officer for the Beverly Composite Squadron, stationed at the Beverly Airport. Lieutenant Frisbee holds a Technician rating in Information Technology. As a former cadet in the Pilgrim Composite Squadron 1 Lt Frisbee is no stranger to CAP, but is new to the senior program. As a cadet I never realized how much work the senior members actually did. commented the former cadet. While a cadet 1 Lt Frisbee participated in three emergency missions, one of which was a find mission. The team he was on located an emergency transmitter that was accidentally broadcasting a false alarm. 1 Lt Frisbee is a Senior Systems Engineer and in his spare time enjoys building large radio controlled aircraft and Shaolin Kempo Karate. Unit Citation, Membership, Yeager, Mitchell, and Red Service(4), Find, CAC, the encampment ribbon with a clasp (2008), and Recruiter ribbon with 13 recruitments.
st st st st

Senior Member Promotions

We finally have a senior member promotion to announce. While cadet have to wait two months between promotions, it needs to be pointed out that Senior member promotions, the time between promotions is significantly longer than two months. The time in grade for a senior member is 6 months d before they are eligible for promotion to 2 Lieutenant. A

The Eagle Eye 11

AE continues From Page 4

right in spite of herself. Maybe natural gas is not a fossil fuel, and maybe crude oil isnt a fossil fuel either. I cant remember where I heard it first, but it got me to thinking and then doing a little digging. While we have to be a little careful of what we find on the internet, I was amazed to discover that there may be a whole bunch of scientists and even engineers that think petroleum and coal are not and never have been fossil fuel as we have been taught all of our lives.

goo that fuels and lubricates our current economy remains a fact. There have been few theories to explain why there vast regions where there are no oil deposits, and other areas that have billions of barrels of the volatile stuff. With the advent of carbon dating technology, using radioactive carbon-12 as a marker, the dino-goo theory was bolstered because of elevated levels of carbon-12 in petroleum. Petroleum is so toxic, to us, material the conventional wisdom was that the carbo-12 had to get into the petroleum in the very early stages or creation. Unfortunately, or in this case fortunately, facts can turn out to be fancy. Remember the whole flat earth thing a few centuries ago? Well the fact of oil being a fossil fuel may be more fancy then fact. Lets take a little look see at the subject.

Fossil Fuel
The theory that petroleum comes from animal and plant remains that are trapped in the upper layers of the earths crust was first put forward in 1757 by a Russian scholar named Mikhailo V. Lomonosov.

Non-Fossil Fuel
Another theory that is almost as old as the fossil fuel theory is that petroleum may be created by forces of geology, and with chemical processes that do not rely on a biological raw material.

Mikhailo V. Lomonosov (Photo: Wikipedia)

This theory was accepted as fact, and the challenges to this original guesswork in the 19th century have largely remained in scientific circles. Today we accept with little question that oil, natural gas and coal are fossil fuels. The notion that whole primal forests and massive herds of dinosaurs all fell into the same deep pit that was suddenly covered up so the animal and vegetable matter could cook into the black

Marcellin Berthelot (Photo: Wikipedia) A French Chemist named Marcellin Berthelot created

AE continues on Page 13 The Eagle Eye 12

AE continues from Page 12

petroleum by dissolving steel in acid using what are now known as Kolbe reactions. He conducted early research in this area starting in 1850 and during his lifetime advocated that organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry are not separate disciplines. Other scientists have recreated the processes and refined them. The prevailing 'wisdom' of these chemists is that petroleum creation was unconnected to biological matter. Strangely this notion failed to cross the ocean and remained largely a Russian/Ukrainian theory. This theory says that the process begins deeper than thought by the biotic ( organic raw material folks), and that the oil seeps upward getting trapped under material it cant seep through. Most oil is found in regions where the very deep bedrock has been fractured, but the upper layers of the crust are not fractured, and forming a cap, trap the oil as it seeps upward toward the surface. Find a fault line and you may find oil. This seems to follow the pattern of where oil has been discovered.

Not so fast there

Three recent discoveries lend credence to the "abiotic" (Biology is not involved) theory of petroleum generation. Giora Proskurowski is a postdoctoral investigator in the Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. (Photo by Tom Kleindinst, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Recent Discovery Number One

The first is the discovery began in 2000 with the discovery of the Lost City hydrothermal vent field in the Atlantic Ocean. Large formation of rock, like stalagmites have formed on the ocean floor some 2600 feet below the surface. Water venting at Lost City is generally 200 F by heat released during serpentinization, a chemical reaction between seawater and mantle rock. The minerals for these formations come from the rich soup issuing from the vents. Researchers tell us the soup is created by a chemical reaction between the Carbon Dioxide rich mantle rock and seawater. They further stress that the Carbon dioxide in the mantle rock is not surface gas, based on its carbon signature. This discovery was lead by Giora Proskurowski of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Deborah Kelley of the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Proskurowski and his team descended to the floor of the Atlantic Ocean to gather samples of the liquid and gas bubbling up from vents in the ocean floor. Could this mean the world's reserves of oil and gas have been underestimated, chiming with an idea popularised by the scientist Thomas Gold that non living geological processes can make petroleum? "I'd speculate that petroleum accumulation at Lost City-type deep sea system is unlikely," says Proskurowski, stopping short of claiming that petroleum production is fossil based. The finding does show that hydrocarbons can be formed without a bio source of carbon dioxide. We have also learned that there are still some answers out there that might surprise those with an open mind.
AE continues on Page 14

The Eagle Eye 13

AE continues from Page 13

Saturns moon Titan(Photo by ASA) Titan is a place where there has never been life as far as we know. The thought of large forests populated by herds of tyrannosaurus Rex on deathly cold (292 degrees below zero ) Titan, is a bit much. NASA scientists have also determined that the carbon found in the methane on titan does not show elevated levels of biological carbon. Methane, which is found on Titan is the primary component of natural gas on Earth. NASA also tells us that the methane on Titan gets broken down by sunlight and particle radiation, and should have all been destroyed more than a billion years ago. Theory: Titan is creating methane. This was all discussed in a NASA press release dated Wednesday, November 30, 2005

The carbonate structures at the Lost City Field include these spires stretching 90 feet tall. (Photo courtesy Kelley, U of Washington, IFE, URI-IAO, OAA)

The Lost City system forms hydrocarbons in high concentrations and with higher complexity than in volcanic vents found in 1970s. Not proof positive, but certainly cause for a pause.

Recent Discovery Number Three

Remember, that pesky carbon-12 in petroleum? Well there is a simple answer for this as well. Cornell University physicist Thomas Gold thought that bacteria present at depths of down to 8 km could feed on hydrocarbons emanating from an even greater depth. This would explain the carbon-12 in the petroleum products that we currently pump out of the ground. It would seem that sometimes we get things backwards and put the cart before the horse. Could it be that the elevated levels of carbon -14 got there after the petroleum was created? Could it be that microbes were breaking down long chain hydrocarbons making shorter one before dying? Well everybody knows that petroleum is a poison and kills life. Everybody but some UC Riverside researchers that is.
AE continues on Page 15

Recent Discovery Number Two

The second is the discovery of hydrocarbons on the Saturn moon Titan in 2005. (You knew there was a real Aerospace part to this story and here it is.) The European Space Agency's Huygens Probe descended through the thick orange colored atmosphere to the surface of Titan in January 2005. A Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer aboard the spacecraft analyzed the methane.

The Eagle Eye 14

AE continues from Page 14

effective way of making it. 7. If we learn how to make petroleum, maybe we can design the plants to make gasoline directly and skip a lot of the processing and cost, making a cleaner safer cheaper product. 8. Maybe it would be possible to produce methane in chemical plants and burn that in cars instead of gasoline. 9. One question Ive not heard asked, much less answered is, if petroleum is not a fossil fuel, will we find it on other planets? So will we run out of oil, maybe not. Can we continue to consume at the rate we currently are, maybe not. Can we make oil in chemical plants, looks better all the time. Is it possible that the facts of yesterday are still facts, probably not. I hope this article causes you to begin to question some of the scientific facts that we accept these days without question. Remember, once upon a time, there was a scientific consensus that the earth was flat, and people were severely punished for not believing the flat earth facts. It is left as an exercise for the reader to discover some facts that may be more theory, than fact. -----------------------------------------------Some of the sources I used for this article are listed below. I listed the Thomas Gold book even though I didnt read it because it was quoted by others.
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=47675 http://www.puteris-musings.com/2008/07/oil-is-not-fossil-fuel.html http://ergobalance.blogspot.com/2008/03/oil-not-fossil-fuel.html http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/2004/06/24/oil_shock_looming_ what_are_the_alternatives.htm http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2008/05/22/ ccoil122.xml http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7069/index.html http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1963689/posts

Tar pits at Rancho La Brea contain thousands of fossilized bones of animals that were trapped and killed. ow researchers found that the tar pits also house living organisms.) Jong-Shik Kim and David Crowley of the University of California at Riverside have actually discovered 200 new species of bacteria and Archaea living in the tar pits of La Brea as reported in the in July of 2007 Geotimes.

So What?
So, what does this all mean to us? Well, if it is true that petroleum is a renewable resource: 1. Does this mean that oil and coal are not fossil fuels? No, some kinds of oil and coal probably are organic in origin, but maybe not all oil, coal and natural gas are organic, maybe most isnt. 2. The opinion that we will 'run out of oil' because nature only made two batches, is an opinion that may not be supported by current science. 3. If we drain existing pockets of oil, they may refill, the question is, how fast, years, decades, centuries, or millennia? 4. We might be able to find more oil if we understand better how nature is making the stuff, that might tell us where to look. 5. We need to have new scientific models to predict how fast the earth generates petroleum and make sure we dont use it faster than terra firma can make it for us, if the new theories are true. 6. If we better understand how the earth makes oil, maybe we can design a faster more cost

http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=18410 http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=7545&tid=282&cid=36806&ct=162 http://www.geotimes.org/july07/article.html?id=nn_bacteria.html http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050517063708.htm The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels by Thomas Gold

The Eagle Eye 15

Ribbons continued from Page 9

heroism under unusually hazardous conditions. White Cadet Merit Ribbon is awarded to Cadets who attain a final grade of 90% or higher on the prescribed instruction comprising the Secondary Training of CAPC Training Program. Red Cadet Merit Ribbon is awarded to Cadets who attain a final grade of 90% or higher on the prescribed instruction comprising the Basic Training of the CAPC Training Program. A Cadet program was created, and in December 1954 Cadets were able to earn the Certificate of Proficiency, the highest award for cadets. Only Cadets could earn these four awards. (Dont confuse this Cadet COP with the Certificate of Proficiency in the current Senior Training program.) By August 1949 more changes were announced to the cadet program. Phase 1 (Academics), Phase 2 (Activities) and Phase 3 (Encampments). Also introduced were the High School Program, The International Cadet Exchange, and the International Drill Competition. In 1954, members had ribbons showing what they had done during WWII. Thus the Southern Liaison Patrol, Tow Target and Tracking, Courier, Forest Patrol and Missing Aircraft Search Patrol (also called Missing Aircraft) were created. Although there had been summer encampments since 1943, there wasnt a ribbon. The Encampment ribbon (January 1954-July 1964) was for the completion of an encampment as cadet, or serving on senior staff. The International Drill Competition ribbon (August 1956January 1971) was for being a member of the CAP International Drill Team. The National Drill Competition (August 1956-October 1961) was for being a member of CAP National Drill Team. The IACE (August 1956-August 1982) was for participation in the International Air Cadet Exchange. The Search and Rescue ribbon (October 1956-Present) for participation in ten actual search and rescue sorties. The Medal of Valor (August 1957-April 1960) was for distinguished and conspicuous heroic action, above and beyond the call of duty. In 1960, it was replaced by the Silver Medal of Valor and the Bronze Medal of Valor. We fondly remember that at one time most of our awards contained propellers or triangles, which reflect the CAP

emblem and our historical background from the founding days while we were part of the Civil Defense and later transition on April 29, 1943 to the USAAF then to USAF in 1948. The pages 17 & 18 contain photographs of CAP ribbons, their names and criteria. You will find some differences in size and colors of ribbons. These are mostly attributed to differences in manufactures. There were never official changes to the designs. A major noticeable difference will be found between the plastic and cloth ribbons in the early Cadet (Spaatz) program. The height of the old WWII ribbons is larger than currently used (3/8 inch). They were made the same size as the USAAF ribbons (5/8 inch). Many had safety pin catches vs the clutch pin type of today. Observations: The first three ribbons of CAP were the Blue, Red and Green Service ribbons which would explain why the Encampment ribbon has the blue as the left hand stripe color.

CM continued from Page 1

Eagle Scout in Troop 88 (Peabody) of the Boy Scouts of America, and a Major in the Air Force Junior ROTC MA951 Squadron.

Well Done Airman Dullea.

The Eagle Eye 16

Merit Awards (July 1942 January 1944) wear only one

Distinguished Service, Merit Award Blue triangle of cloth worn point down above the left pocket Meritorious Service, Merit Award White triangle of cloth worn point down above the left pocket Commendation, Merit Award Red triangle of cloth worn point down above the left pocket Note: The hours of service for the next three ribbons include all hours spent on Civil Air Patrol work; not just flying hours. Only highest award could be worn. The real service ribbons are 5/8 inch in height. Some fakes are available but they are 3/8 inch in high. I have pictured both in the following descriptions. You will notice is some of the old photographs or paintings that the ribbons are worn with the single blade down. There were few standards in the early days.

Service Ribbons (January 1944 August 1949) wear only one

Service Ribbon, 1,000 Hour Service Ribbon, 500 Hour Service Ribbon, 250 Hour

Decorations (March 1949 - August 1982)

Distinguished Service Award - Conspicuous performance of outstanding service, on a national scale Exceptional Service Award - Conspicuous performance of outstanding service, on a wing or region scale Meritorious Service Award - Outstanding Achievement or meritorious service on behalf of CAP

Cadet Merit Ribbons (March 1949 December 1954)

Blue Cadet Merit Ribbon - Exceptionally meritorious service to the Cadet program, or by extraordinary acts of heroism under unusually hazardous conditions. White Cadet Merit Ribbon - Awarded to Cadets who attain a final grade of 90% or higher on the prescribed instruction comprising the Secondary Training of CAPC Training Program. Red Cadet Merit Ribbon - Awarded to Cadets who attain a final grade of 90% or higher on the prescribed instruction comprising the Basic Training of the CAPC Training Program.

Service (March 1949 - January 1971) (Seniors only)wear only one

Blue Service - 2000 hrs and 6 Years. Clasp for every additional 500 hrs. White Service - 1000 hrs and 4 Years. Red Service - 500 hrs and 2 Years

Ribbon Table 1

The Eagle Eye 17

War Time Service (March 1954 August 1982)

Coastal Patrol (also called Antisubmarine Coastal Patrol) Southern Liaison Patrol Tow Target and Tracking Courier Forest Patrol Missing Aircraft Search Patrol (also called Missing Aircraft)

Cadet Training (December 1954 March 1964) wear only one

Certificate of Proficiency - December 1954- March 1964 Awarded for earning the Cadet Certificate of Proficiency. Additional bronze clasp, up to three, are awarded for completion of Achievements Seven, Eight and Nine of Phase III. Blue Cadet Training Complete Achievement Five of Phase II Bronze clasp for completion of Achievement Six of Phase II White Cadet Training Complete Achievement Three of Phase II Bronze clasp for completion of Achievement Four of Phase II Red Cadet Training Complete Achievement One of Phase II Bronze clasp for completion of Achievement Two of Phase II

Activity Ribbons
Encampment - January 1954-July 1964 Completion of encampment as cadet, or serving on senior staff International Drill Competition - August 1956 - January 1971 Be a member of CAP International Drill Team National Drill Competition - August 1956 - October 1961 Be a member of CAP National Drill Team IACE - August 1956-August 1982 Participation in the International Air Cadet Exchange Search and Rescue - October 1956-Present Participation in ten actual search and rescue sorties

Service (August 1957-April 1960)

Medal of Valor Distinguished and conspicuous heroic action, above and beyond Replaced by the Silver Medal of Valor and Bronze Medal of Valor

Ribbon Table 2

The Eagle Eye 18

Safety continues from Page 7

time. New homes can be built to be radonresistant. In many areas of the country, construction of new homes with radon-resistant features is becoming common practice or is required by code. EPA estimates the costs of building new homes radon-resistant to be about $350 to $500.

Limit exposure to reflective surfaces such as snow and water. UV rays can be reflected off of sand, tile, water, snow, and buildings.

For more information on sun safety and other safety issues, please visit www.nsc.org/resources

EPA has developed a number of publications on radon which provide information on how indoor air radon problems can be fixed. EPA also has a National Radon Program to inform the public about radon risks, provide grants for state radon programs, and develop standards for radon-resistant buildings. For more information, call EPA's radon hotline (1-800-SOS-Radon) or visit EPA's Web site (http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon).
PDO continues from Page 8

Individual Actions You Can Take to Control UV Radiation Exposure

Sunburn, skin cancers, and other sun-related adverse health effects are largely preventable when sun protection is practiced early and consistently. The best sun protection is achieved by practicing a combination of recommended sun-safe behaviors: Limit sun exposure during the hours when the sun's rays are the strongest, between 10:00 am and 4:00 pm. Seek shade, such as trees or umbrellas, whenever possible. Wear a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and longsleeved, tightly woven clothing. A wide-brimmed hat protects the face from direct sun's rays but not from rays reflected from lowerlevel surfaces. Clothing can physically block out the sun's harmful rays. Sunglasses can block out 100 percent of UVA and UVB radiation to protect the eyes from damage. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protective factor (SPF) of at least 15. Avoid tanning salons. Artificial UV radiation can be as damaging as sunlight.

members who hold the grade of lieutenant colonel or above as an optional portion of Level IV or V. AFIADL specialized courses for CAP members provide training in the performance of specialized duty. The courses should be ordered and used by members training for these positions/specialties. Courses available: 02010 Civil Air Patrol Public Affairs Officer 02130A Civil Air Patrol Scanner Course 02130B Civil Air Patrol Mission Observer Course 02130D Civil Air Patrol Emergency Services 02170 Civil Air Patrol Safety Officer Course

The Eagle Eye 19

DCS continued from Page 2

The professor then produced two cups of coffee from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed. "Now," said the professor as the laughter subsided, "I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life. The golf balls are the important things--- God, your family, your children, your health, your friends, and your favorite passions--- and if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full. The pebbles are the other things that matter-- your job, your house, and your car. The sand is everything else--- the small stuff. "If you put the sand into the jar first," he continued, "there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff you will never have room for the things that are important to you. "Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your spouse out to dinner. Play another 18. There will always be time to clean the house and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first---the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand." One of the students raised her hand and inquired what the coffee represented. The professor smiled. "I'm glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, there's always room for a couple of cups of coffee with a friend."

Renovation for CAP National HQ

The Air Force has scheduled the Civil Air Patrol National Headquarters building to undergo major renovation beginning later this month. The project is expected to take 16 to 18 months and will require the most of the National Headquarters staff to relocate to another facility on Maxwell AFB. Movers are scheduled to arrive on 15 December to move furniture and files. The move is scheduled to be complete by 20 December.

CAP HQ (Photo CAP Pamphlet 190-2) There will be some minor interruptions to phone service during the move to the new building. You may expect intermittent phone service to begin on Thursday, 11 December and continue through Monday, 15 December. If you have an urgent membership services need you can contact a member service representative through the regular number: 1-877-227-9142 ext. 205. The National Operations Center will not be affected by this move and will be available to accept your calls. Whenever possible, we request you use e-mail for this period instead of a phone call to make sure your question or issue is addressed. E-mail service will not be interrupted but responses from NHQ staff may be delayed while computers are moved from one office to another. The mailing address for all mail to NHQ will remain the same. Thank you for your patience during the building moving process and we apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.

The Eagle Eye 20

AE CE continued from Page 4

significantly more equipment that its predecessors.

The explosion left a blazing hot cloud of expanding debris (green and yellow). The location of the blast's outer shock wave can be seen as a blue sphere of ultra-energetic electrons. Newly synthesized dust in the ejected material and heated pre-existing dust from the area around the supernova radiate at infrared wavelengths of 24 microns (red). Foreground and background stars in the image are white. Image Credit: MPIA/NASA/Calar Alto Observatory

This picture is an artist's concept portraying NASA's Mars Science Laboratory, a future mobile robot for investigating Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

This picture was just too cool to leave out of the newsletter. It does kind of make you wonder why the cloud is not a perfect circle. I also wondered what it would be like if our solar system were somewhere inside that expanding ball of cosmic debris, even at its current edges. I also wondered how many other blobs there were out there just like this one

The newest Mars rover will be tasked with exploring an area that orbiting NASA spacecraft imagery indicate there was possible moisture in the past. One of the key assignments will be to look for evidence of past conditions where the Martian environments might have been favorable for supporting microbial life.

NASA Reschedules Next Mars Mission for Autumn 2011

The mission was originally scheduled to fly in the autumn of 2009 but there are some testing and hardware issues that NASA says will not be resolved in time for the launch. NASA decision makes obviously want to get it right and increase the chances for a successful mission. The favorable window for an earth to mars launch is only a few weeks long, and only occurs every two years. The anticipated new schedule indicated that the autumn 2009 launch window would be a problem. This mission will use an advanced rover that is designed to drive further over rougher surfaces while carrying

NASA/JPL-Caltech models of three generations of NASA Mars rovers show the increase Promotions continues on Page21 in size from the Sojourner rover of the Mars Pathfinder project that landed on Mars in 1997 (center), to the twin Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit
AE CE continues on Page 26

The Eagle Eye 21

Weather Visit
Dan Parsons, 1st Lt CAP

On a chilly Saturday morning in November six Senior Members and eight Cadets of the Beverly Composite Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol visited the Air Force Weather Agency Detachment. 2, Sagamore Hill, Hamilton, MA. It was a short ride from the Beverly airport in the Squadron van, but it was a trip to another world as the adults and teens were given a look into the daily activities of Air Force sun watchers. We were treated to a 3 hour tour of the facility and given plenty of time to ask questions regarding all aspects of space weather and space weather prediction. A Technician checks maps on his workstation With observatories in Australia, Italy, Massachusetts, New Mexico and Hawaii, Air Force space weather technicians never let the sun slip from view. The sun, emitting continuous electromagnetic energy and electrically charged particles, can cause disturbances in the near-Earth environment and disrupt satellite communications and even damage the delicate instruments aboard multi-billion dollar spacecraft.

Air Force technicians at work Looking toward the sun, Air Force weather technicians are leading the way in space weather forecasting. They provide space weather analyses, forecasts and alert notification for all Department of Defense agencies and government systems. In a high tech setting of multiple screen workstations and dry erase status boards, the technicians look for the hints that will tell them what old Sol has in store for us for in the foreseeable future. Aurora Borealis The mission of the Air Force Weather solar observatories is to monitor solar flares, noise storms and other releases of energy from the sun, and when necessary, notify military and civilians concerned with space, weather, power and communications in countries throughout the world. All photos courtesy of the USAF Weather Agency

The Eagle Eye 22

Health continues from Page 9

accompanying loss of efficiency, can be prevented by taking fluids with all meals, and between meals if possible. Hot drinks are preferable to cold drinks in low temperatures since they warm the body in addition to providing needed liquids. Alcoholic beverages should not be consumed during cold weather operations since they can actually produce a more rapid heat loss by the body.

meal or in multiples of three meals as a complete ration. Twelve menus are available. Each meal furnishes approximately one-third of the minimum nutrient intake prescribed by military regulations

Individual or Small Unit Messing

Frequently, while on patrol, individuals will find it necessary to prepare their own meals or to combine rations with other individuals within the unit.

Use of Mess Gear.

Individual mess gear will be difficult to clean and sterilize, therefore arrangements should be made that during periods of extreme cold, it may be advisable to utilize paper plates and cups instead of mess gear. If utilized, they should be issued with the rations and sent forward to units with the meal. When using paper plates and cups, commanders must insure that they are not haphazardly left in the unit area. Controlled disposal is made consolidating at unit level and returning them to the command area. This problem is minimized, and cooling of food is minimized, by the use of individual operational rations which may be consumed directly from their containers.

Equipment.
The one-burner M1950 gasoline cooking stove is a cooking and heating unit for a group of from 2 to 5 men operating in an isolated or forward area where the use of heavier equipment is not practical. The mountain cook set is combined with the stove to make the one-burner cooking outfit. Rations may also be heated on the M1950 Yukon stove. The top and to a small degree the area underneath the stove is used for this purpose. Any fuel-burning device will give off carbon monoxide, which is poisonous. Adequate ventilation must be provided when using fuel-burning equipment under shelter.

Rations
Many types of rations are used for operations in cold weather. The type of ration to be used will be determined by the location, supply situation, mission, and duration of the operation. Rations are normally prepared in the unit kitchens. Insofar as possible two hot meals per day should be served. These generally will be the breakfast and supper meals. In situations where this is not practicable, group rations are utilized and prepared by one member of the small unit. Under certain conditions an individual ration may be issued to each man. When serving meals without shelter, food may become cold or frozen before it can be eaten. Therefore, and whenever possible, shelters should be provided for the preparation and serving of food. Certain packaged rations and food packets are ideal under these circumstances because they are precooked and some components or the entire ration can be eaten without heating. However, one of the components should be heated when possible.

Preparation.
First priority is the procurement of water. If snow or ice must be melted to obtain water, all available stoves are utilized for this purpose. After water is obtained, the stoves are used for food preparation. For convenience in preparation of meals and for conservation of fuel and labor, cooking should be done for as large a group as the situation permits. Meals must be prepared efficiently and as quickly as possible. Areas sheltered from the wind should be chosen for stoves or fires. A few blocks of snow or ice or a hole dug in the snow will serve as a windbreak and provide for more efficient use of fires. Heating tablets are not efficient in extremely cold weather accompanied by high winds. Individuals may have to prepare and eat one item at a time, but a hot meal will be worth the effort. Instructions for preparing the components of the rations will be found on, or inside, the package. The possibility of
Health continued on Page 24

Meal, combat, individual.

This ration is designed for and is issued as the tactical situation dictates. It can be used in individual units as a

The Eagle Eye 23

Health continues from Page 23

combining the various ration components, i.e., mixing meat and vegetables to make stew, should also be considered. Canned foods are cooked and require little heat to make them edible. Overcooking will waste fuel. The juices in canned vegetables are tasty, and contain vitamins and minerals. Drinking them will conserve the water supply. Cans must be punctured or opened before heating by open fires or stoves. Failure to do this may result in an explosion. No puncturing is needed if the can is submerged in water during the heating process.

MINUTE RICE INSTANT OATMEAL SNACK FOODS: GRANOLA BARS CRACKERS TRAIL MIX DRI KS: COFFEE / CAFFEINE FREE TEA COCOA WARM APPLE CIDER A FEW TIPS O WI TER FOOD A D THEIR PREPARATIO
Use stainless steel containers for cooking whenever possible. They are both a pleasure to cook with and easily cleaned Use plastic cups, bowls and spoons, an insulated variety, if possible. You'll also find wooden cups and spoons to be great in winter camping as there is much less heat loss than with metal. A small stove is usually a great help.

COOKI G / TYPES OF FOOD USED I THE FIELD WI TER CO DITIO S REMEMBER THE FOUR FOOD GROUPS DAIRY / FRUITS AND VEGETABLES / MEAT AND POULTRY / FISH TYPES OF PACKAGI G: FOIL BOX CAN PLASTIC PREPARED FOODS: REHEAT AND EAT DINTY MORE BEEF STEW CHEF BOY-AR-DI PASTA DEHYDRATED / ADD HOT WATER LIPTON CUP OF SOUP MOUNTAIN HOUSE/FREEZED DRIED/DEHYDRATED READY TO EAT: MILITARY - "MEALS, READY TO EAT"(MRE'S) REGULAR FOODS: A Y FOOD THAT DOES OT REQUIRE REFRIGERATIO

Rice is one of the best items in your "cupboard" for winter or for that matter, any camping. It can be used in many different ways, from main dishes to breakfast to desserts, takes a small amount of space and is easily prepared. Fats are important in the winter to release heat and energy slowly. A good source of vegetable fat is corn oil margarine, it can be used in almost anything.

In provisioning for winter camping, use the following as a guide: Carbohydrates (4.1 cal/gm) Protein (4.1 cal/gm) Fats (9.3 cal/gm) 40 percent 20 percent 40 percent

This is not a hard-fast rule, but a guide in choosing your foods. Fifty percent of the protein should be in first class proteins: milk, meats and eggs. Substitute caffeine-free coffee for coffee in winter camping to combat dehydration and diminish mental tension and headaches.
Health continues on Page 26

The Eagle Eye 24

ESTO continues from Page 3

course. If you are planning on doing anything in ES you should take IS-100, then IS-700 ( This is now the minimum for GES) followed by IS-200 and IS-800. At this point you are up to speed for most of the Mission Rated positions. If you want to soar into the higher ranks of the ES world, ICS-300 and ICS-400 are in your future. It needs to be pointed out that the 300 and 400 courses are classroom courses and are not available on-line. The 300 course is required for Information Officer, Communications Unit Leader, and Branch Director and above. The 400 course is only required for Liaison Officers, Mission Safety Officers, and Incident Commanders, but is recommended for Information Officer, and Section Chiefs and above. Right now we have seven mission qualified officers holding 22 qualifications in 10 different mission fields. There are two officers holding four mission qualifications each, and one outstanding officer with five qualifications. Although I have not taken many of these following sources, I thought Id put together a table of recommended FEMA IS courses based on title and ES area of expertise in addition to IS-100, IS-200, IS-300, IS400, IS-700, and IS-800 that are currently mandated by the CAP. Communications Officers: IS-802 Logistics Officers: IS-807 GTM, GTL IS-809 Information Officer IS-250, IS-702 For those of you planning events: IS-15A ES Training Officers: IS-120A, IS-130, IS-139 ES Officers: IS-230, IS-235, IS-288, IS-292 ALL CAP OFFICERS: IS-240, IS-242 Having taken several of these FEMA courses I find that I understand the basics better as I learn how the other parts of the system mesh and the whole program makes a lot of sense to me now. I strongly encourage any and all of you to pick through the list of available courses and when time permits, complete some addition free training. All of the on-line courses are available to the public and you do not need to be a member of any organization to take these courses over the internet. In the FEMA Independent Study course listing are a lot of online courses you might want to explore. These courses take from a half hour to ten hours to complete, as best I can determine. Some of the more interesting course titles are: Introduction to Incident Command System, I-100 Deployment Basics for FEMA Response Partners An Introduction to Exercises

Exercise Evaluation and Improvement Planning Exercise Design Special Events Contingency Planning for Public Safety Agencies Introduction to the NDMS ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents Principles of Emergency Management Emergency Planning Leadership & Influence Decision Making and Problem Solving Effective Communication Developing and Managing Volunteers The Role of Voluntary Agencies in Emergency Management Disaster Basics Modular Emergency Radiological Response Transportation Training Refresher Course for Radiological Response Introduction to Radiological Emergency Preparedness (REP) Exercise Evaluation Introduction to Hazard Mitigation Protecting Your Home or Small Business From Disaster An Introduction to Hazardous Materials A Citizen's Guide to Disaster Assistance National Incident Management System (NIMS), An Introduction NIMS Multiagency Coordination Systems National Incident Management Systems (NIMS) Public Information Systems NIMS Resource Management National Response Framework, An Introduction Emergency Support Functions (ESF) #1 Transportation Emergency Support Functions (ESF) #2 Communications Emergency Support Function (ESF) #7 Logistics Management and Resource Support Annex Emergency Support Function (ESF) #9 Search and Rescue Emergency Support Function 15 (ESF 15) External Affairs: A New Approach to Emergency Communication and Information Distribution

Non-ES folks Those of you who are not members of a CAP ES Team
ESTO continues on Page 26

The Eagle Eye 25

Health continues from Page 24

AE CE continues from Page 21

When making trail biscuits, use whole wheat flour which has 25 percent more nutrient values and twice the protein value of white flour. Peanut butter and honey make a very good trail spread. Mix at home and package in individual servings.

and Opportunity that landed in 2004 (left), to the Mars Science Laboratory rover for a mission to land in 2012 (right). Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

The Mars Science Laboratory is about nine feet wide, ten feet long and seven feet tall. The overall weight of the rover is expected to top out just shy of one ton with 138 pounds of equipment. By comparison, the Sojourner weighed in at a hefty 24 pounds, including its three pounds of equipment; The current Mars rovers at 384 pounds including 35 pounds of scientific equipment.

Commander continues from Page 2 Safety continues from Page 25

ongoing basis. It would be nice to have the extra money for trips and activities. So please come up with some ideas. We need to fly the plane more!!! If we dont put more hours on the plane, we will lose it. Any cadet looking to become a primary flight scholarship candidate see me or Maj. Carter. We want everyone to fly who is qualified and authorized. Pay attention to when fly-days are scheduled, and sign up. I also want to see more promotions this coming year, both cadet and senior. I am working on my Lt.Col. requirements right now. I think we will have a few more Lt. Colonels next year. Seniors please see the st Professional Development Officer, 1 Lt Parsons if you are unclear about what you need to do for that next promotion. Cadets have their chain of command. Be safe, and enjoy the holidays. I hope to see you all at the awards night in January.

might want to look at some courses that could help you at home or in your business. Some of the courses are: IS-394.A Protecting Your Home or Small Business From Disaster IS-7 A Citizen's Guide to Disaster Assistance IS-235 Emergency Planning IS-240 Leadership & Influence IS-241 Decision Making and Problem Solving IS-242 Effective Communication IS-244 Developing and Managing Volunteers I havent taken any of these courses, but there are a few Im interested in myself. The courses are free, and as far as I know they are all available on-line. Some of the ES courses are interesting if you wonder how the whole disaster response program works for events like hurricane Katrina.

The Eagle Eye 26

Reports Due
James M. McIntosh, Major CAP Administration Officer

Deadlines
For the January Eagle Eye
Columns 4 January 2009
DCS, DCC, Safety Officer, Professional Development Officer, Health Services Officer, AEO, ESO, FO, and of course from the Squadron Commander.

The following reports are due NLT Dec 10 to Wing Headquarters. Monthly Unit Safety Report (SE) MWF 2-17 A/C Report & NER Flight Log (DOO/FMM) CAPF 99, Flight Release Log (SD, DO) MWF 73, Vehicle Inspection (LGT) The following reports are due NLT Jan 10 to Wing HQ. Monthly Unit Safety Report (SE) MWF 2-17 A/C Report & NER Flight Log (DOO/FMM) CAPF 99, Flight Release Log (SD, DO) MWF 73, Vehicle Inspection (LGT) Quicken RPT 173-2, Quarterly Finance (FM) Quarterly Public Affairs (PA) CAPF 34 or MWF 10-1, Chaplain (HC) (due 5th) MWF 8-0, Aerospace Education (ETA) MWF 2-12 ES Resource Survey (DOS) Unit Duty Assignment Personnel Authorization (DP) A reminder that any reports that are to be submitted to Wing HQ, especially by the Responsible Department and IS NOT mailed through the Squadron Admin Office, a copy must be submitted to Administration for our records.

News stories 9 January 2009 Promotions, Missions and other late breaking material.

Dec 2008 Squadron Stats

Cadets 4 3 28 1 0 Seniors 1 1 32 0 0 27 13 5 3 Promotions New Members Current Membership Awards ES Quals Specialty - Enrolled * Specialty - Technician * Specialty - Senior * Specialty - Master *

0 Mission callouts, 0 Missions, 0 Finds

WEB PLACES
OFFICIAL BEVERLY SQUADRON SITE http://bvycap.homesite.net/ CADET WEB PAGES http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NER-MA-019 SENIOR WEB PAGES http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BVYCOMP/ OFFICIAL CAP WEB SITES http://www.mawg.cap.gov/ http://www.ner.cap.gov/ http://www.cap.gov/ https://www.capnhq.gov/default.aspx

* Only active seniors tabulated

Service Members
US Post Office Cadet Kelly Buck P.O. Box 0736 West Point, NY 10997

Kelly Buck

The Eagle Eye 27

The Eagle Eye 28

Advertising
Let us feed your herd.
Chick-fil-A is open Monday through Saturday, 8:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Chick-fil-A is anywhere you are. Online ordering available at: www.chick-fil-a.com/northshoremall Any occasion. Anywhere! Let Chick-fil-A be a part of your community, organization or next event. For more information contact Bill Minton our Marketing Director at (978) 766-8317 or email him at cfansm@gmail.com. Northshore Mall Peabody

And remember to Eat Mor Chikin.

Moose Miniatures
Need to keep those restless fingers busy? Stop by Moose Miniatures 160 Newburyport Tpke in Rowley Mass and purchase a high quality model kit. Moose is located next door to the Agawam Diner on the corner of Routes 113 and 1 in Rowley Massachusetts.

Wanted - Cell Phones

Used cell phones to recycle into calling cards for the troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. See Captain Buck if you have a phone or want more information.

Something Different Cafe

Hungry? stop into the Something Different Cafe located at Beverly Airport East side, Tuesday - Sunday 7 AM to 2PM. Also opening Friday and Saturday nights starting Later this June. http://www.beverlyairportcafe.com/

Wanted
Fund raising ideas. The best ideas include someone willing to run the fundraiser. All fundraisers must comply with all local, state, federal laws and the regulations of the Civil Air Patrol. Anyone with an idea, best or other wise should contact Major Thomas Lyons any Wednesday night at the squadron HQ. You can also reply to the Eagle eye, and we will see to it that your idea gets to the Major

The current Eagle Eye Newsletter (circulation 174 ) ad rates per issue, payable in advance: Cadets Seniors Commercial 50 words or less $1.00 $3.00 $10.00 51 to 100 words $2.00 $5.00 $20.00 Picture or artwork $1.00 $3.00 $10.00 All money made from the newsletter will go into the general fund for the Beverly Composite Squadron. All ads must be approved by the Squadron Commander. Ad copy must be received before the 15th of each month to be included in the following issue. Thank you for helping support the Beverly Composite Squadron.

Links or references to individuals, businesses or companies does not constitute an endorsement of any information, product or service you may receive from such sources. The Eagle Eye reserves the right to not publish any ad submission.
The Eagle Eye 29

INDEX
Advertizing, 29 Aerospace Education, 4 Aerospace Education Current Event, 4 Cadet Commander Message, 5 Cadet of the Month, 1 Cadet Programs Note, 6 Commanders Message, 2 Communications, 3 DCS Message, 2 Deadlines, 27 ES Training, 3 Flight Commander Messages, 5 Flight Leader Message, 6 Health Services, 9 National HQ News, 20 NIMS Training Chart, 28 PAO, 8 Professional Development, 8 Promotions, 1 Reports Due, 27 Ribbon Fun, 9 Safety, 7 Service Members, 27 Squadron Stats, 27 Weather Agency Visit, 22 Web Places, 27

Welcome New Members

Cadets
C/AB Devan Martin Beverly C/AB Elden Hubisz Peabody C/AB Jennifer Machado Peabody

Seniors
Troy, Jesse - Danvers

Squadron Calendar
Night 24 December 08 31 December 08 7 January 08 14 January 08 21 January 08 Uniform BDU Blues Blues BDU BDU Cadets Meeting Cancelled Merry Christmas Meeting Cancelled Happy New Year AE, Debriefing Testing, PT, Moral Leadership PT Testing, Leadership Training Seniors Merry Christmas Happy New Year Staff Meeting TBD TBD All Merry Christmas Happy New Year Promotions & Awards Safety Briefing

Special Events
Date 8 December 2008 24 December 2008 31 December 2008 8 January 2009 TBD January 2009 21 January 2009 OIC Major Lyons Event Airport commission meeting Christmas Eve New Years Eve Airport commission meeting BCUT Training Squadron HQ 1000-1300 hrs Awards Meeting

Major Lyons 1st Lt Cuscuna Major Lyons

Beverly Composite Squadron Headquarters Beverly Municipal Airport

56 L.P. Henderson Rd Beverly, Ma. 01915

978-921-5454

http://bvycap.homesite.net

Links or references to individuals, businesses or companies does not constitute an endorsement of any information, product or service you may receive from such sources.

The Eagle Eye 30