Magnetic Full-Voltage Starters--Magnetic starters are made to handle motors from 2to 50 horsepower.

They can be controlled by a start-stopstation located locally or remotely. The starter has twodifferent circuits: the control circuit and the load circuit. CONTROL CIRCUIT.The control circuitreceives its power from the incoming leads to the starter.It is a series circuit (fig. 7-51) going through the start-stop station, the magnetic coil, the overload contacts,and returning to another phase. However, it may returnto the ground, depending on the voltage rating of thecoil. LOAD CIRCUIT.The current flowing throughthe coil activates a mechanical lever and closes the mainline contacts. This closing develops the load circuit andapplies power to the motor. The fourth set of contactsprovides a shunt around the start button, known as theholding circuit.

Figure 7-51.Magnetic starter circuit.

Overload relays are designed to meet the special protective needs of motor control circuits. Overload relays: allow harmless temporary overloads (such as motor starting) without disrupting the circuit will trip and open a circuit if current is high enough to cause motor damage over a period of time can be reset once the overload is removed Overload Relay in a circuit with a Motor Circuit The following illustration shows a motor manual starter and an overload relay. Current flows through the overload relay while the motor is running. Excess current will cause the overload relay to trip at a predetermined level, opening the circuit between the power source and the motor. After a predetermined amount of time, the overload relay can be reset. When the cause of the overload has been identified and corrected, the motor can be restarted.

Fractional horsepower (FHP) manual motor starters are used whenever it is desired to provide overload protection for a motor as well as "off and "on" control of small alternating-current single-phase or direct-current motors. Electrical codes require that FHB motors be provided with overload protection whenever they are started automatically or by remote control. Basically, a manual starter is an on-off switch with motor overload protection. Because manual starters are hand-operated mechanical devices (requiring no electrical coil), the contacts remain closed and the lever stays in the ON position in the event of a power failure. As a result, the motor automatically restarts when the power returns. Therefore, low-voltage protection is not possible with manually operated starters. This automatic restart action is an advantage when the starter is used with motors that run continuously, such as those used on unattended pumps, blowers, fans, and refrigeration processes. This saves the maintenance electrician from running around the plant to restart all these motors after the power returns. On the other hand, the automatic restart feature is a disadvantage on lathes and machines that may be a danger to products, machinery, or people. It is definitely a safety factor to be observed. The compact construction of the manual starter means that it requires little mounting space and can be installed on the driven

machinery and in various other places where the avail able space is limited. The unenclosed, or open starter, can be mounted in a standard switch or conduit box installed in a wall and can be covered with a standard flush, single-gang switchplate. The ON and OFF positions are clearly marked on the operating lever, which is very similar to a standard lighting toggle switch lever, Ill. 1. Application FHB manual starters have thermal overload protection, Ill. 1 and Ill. 2.When an overload occurs, the starter handle automatically moves to the center position to signify that the contacts have opened and the motor is no longer operating. The starter contacts cannot be reclosed until the overload relay is reset manually. The relay is reset by moving the handle to the full OFF position after allowing about 2 minutes for the heater to cool. Should the circuit trip open again, the fault should be located and corrected. FHB manual starters are provided in several different types of enclosures as well as the open type to be installed in a switch box, flush in the wall, or on the surface. Enclosures are obtained to shield the live starter circuit components from accidental contact, for mounting in machine cavities, to protect the starter from dust and moisture, Ill. 3, or to prevent the possibility of an explosion when the starter is used in hazardous locations

Submitter to: Mr. Eduardo Fortunato Submitter by:

Carl Austin Chuidian Jose