Space Technology Applications A li ti in Agriculture in GMS

Presentation by Yusuke Muraki

Space Technology Specialist Asian Development Bank 25 October 2011

Purpose p
To introduce space technology applications in agriculture applicable to GMS. T trigger further discussions to apply To i f h di i l p gy space technology to solve various issues in agriculture sector in GMS.

Table of Contents
1. Overview of space technology 2. 2 Available applications in agriculture in GMS 3. 3 Conclusion

Overview of Space Technology p gy

(Remote Sensing)

Overview of Remote Sensing g

Observe the earths surface or the atmosphere earth s
cameras in various wavelength sensors to record reflected or emitted electromagnetic energy

Overview of Remote Sensing g

1. Optical (Visible and infrared) Higher resolution (up to 0.5m ) Multiple wavelength Unable to observe in cloudy or rainy weather 2. 2 Microwave (ex Radar) (ex. Lower resolution (up to 1m) All-weather night-time All-weather, observation is possible
Good for G df GMS
Microwave (RADAR)

Optical

Images provided by JAXA

Overview of Remote Sensing g

Cost of remote sensing imagery/data
Hi h resolution imagery and RADAR data: Charged High l ti i d d t Ch d

Total Cost

Cost of Satellite imagery standard products

Unit price

Area

Tasking fee

Cost of Analysis (creating Value-added products)

Physical quantity (ex. precipitation) and low resolution imagery : Free of charge -> Sustainable

Overview of Remote Sensing g

Powerful and Cost Effective Tool for agriculturerelated regional issues in GMS l t d i l i i Wid area observation Wide b ti P i di observation Periodic b ti Remote observation Objective observation Ease of data processing

Table of Contents
1. Overview of space technology 2. 2 Available applications in agriculture in GMS 3. 3 Conclusion

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) F d security ) Food i b) Disaster risk management
Useful Tool for achieving goals of strategic framework for subregional cooperation in Agriculture in GMS

c) Improvement of farmers lives d) Water resources management e) Nat al resources p otection Natural eso ces protection

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Understanding of cultivated area Prediction of crop yield Crop protein map

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Understanding of cultivated area of rice field

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Understanding of cultivated area of rice field
-This provides more objective and bj ti d accurate data than current method -Useful tool for agricultural land management

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Planting area check in European Union (EU)
Satellite imagery has been used to check the planting area in EU for their direct payment system in the common agricultural policy since 1993. S ll imagery (1m resolution) is used for the measurement of planting Satellite ( l ) df h f l acreage in the inspection with the rule that at least 5 percent of the submission must be inspected for the direct payment If the difference between the area in submission and the one measured by satellites are out of permitted range, inspectors will carry out in-situ inspection. Satellite imagery has advantages in ease of data processing and the capability of wide area coverage.

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Prediction of crop yield of paddy rice

Pilot Project of Rice Crop Estimation in Thailand in 2011 by JAXA and GISTDA
Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Crop protein map
Map of protein content (rice)
Based on the empirical relation between protein content in crops and satellite p data.
Grain protein content Small

Large

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS-NET) developed by USAID uses satellite data for precipitation, snow cover and snow water equivalent, vegetation, and yield forecasting.

This page provided by FEWS-NET (http://www.fews.net)

Available Applications in Agriculture

a) Food security
Famine Early Warning Systems Network

This page provided by FEWS-NET (http://www.fews.net)

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Flood prediction Hazard risk map Disaster monitoring and damage assessment

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Flood prediction with satellite precipitation and geographic data
ADB proposed TA Applying Remote Sensing Technology in river Basin Management in Bangladesh, Vietnam and the Philippines

Input
New Rain Gauge

Improved flood prediction model

GSMaP calibration

Output

Input

Output

Flood Prediction

SMS distribution system

Flood Alert

Precipitation data by satellite Geographical Data by satellite

Evacuation

Information distribution to citizens di t ib ti t iti

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Hazard risk map: Flood risk map

Satellite Imagery/Data
Past Inundated Area Geographical Model Land use Infrastructure

Flood Hazard Flood Risk Map

Vulnerability

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Disaster monitoring and damage assessment
Flooding in Myanmar by Cyclone (May 2008)

Myanmar was heavily flooded from May 2 to May 3, 2008, due to Cyclone Nargis - Overlaying images with Apr. 24, 2008 ScanSAR (right) Blue: inundation area Yellow: expecting soil moisture increased

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Disaster monitoring and damage assessment
Flooding in Viet Nam, October 2008 5 Aug 2008 Before Hanoi Int. Airport 5 Nov 2008 After Hanoi Int. Airport

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Disaster monitoring and damage assessment
Inundated area assessment: Tsunami hit area in Japan in 2011

Useful Tool for understanding damage of farmlands to lead to the compensation to farmers

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Disaster monitoring and damage assessment

Images from UNOSAT

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Disaster monitoring and damage assessment

Images from GISTDA

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Disaster monitoring and damage assessment

Images from GISTDA

Available Applications in Agriculture

b) Disaster risk management
Disaster management Disaster monitoring and damage assessment agencies in GMS countries are the Sentinel Asia Network member of this Concept of Sentinel Asia network.

Free Satellite imagery

Images provided by JAXA: http://sentinel.tksc.jaxa.jp/

Available Applications in Agriculture

c) Improvement of farmers lives
Weather based agricultural insurance Weather and agricultural information distribution system for farmers Precision agriculture

Available Applications in Agriculture Satellite free

c) I ) Improvement of f f farmers li lives
Weather based agricultural insurance

precipitation data can solve the problem of the cost of ground weather station.

Satellite Information for Agricultural Insurance in Thailand

Weather index insurance by Sompo Japan Insurance (Thailand) Co. Ltd. to mitigate loss of farmers caused by drought in Thailand since d l ff db d h h l d 2010. W h Index Insurance uses the accumulated precipitation Weather I d I h l d i i i between July and September announced by Thailand Weather Bureau as the index, and insurance money is paid when the accumulated precipitation is under threshold. threshold Use of satellite precipitation data (GsMap) has been discussed to improve the accuracy accuracy.

Available Applications in Agriculture

c) Improvement of farmers lives
Weather and agricultural information distribution system for farmers
Wheat harvesting timing information system Wheat growth information (crop water content) by p satellite data distributed to farmers in Japan
To support decision making of order of harvesting between farmers T reduce the cost of d i To d th t f drying

Available Applications in Agriculture

c) Imp o ement of fa me s li es Improvement farmers lives

Weather and agricultural information distribution syste o a e s system for farmers

Fieldlook.com provides a service to provide 10 growth parameters in every week for each farmland.

Growth biomass production (kg/ha) , CO2 intake (kg/ha) , eaf area index LAI (m2 leaf/m2 ground) , vegetation index NDVI Moisture evaporation shortage (mm/week) , current evaporation (mm/week), surplus rain (mm/2 weeks) , reference evaporation Minerals -Nitrogen content in the top leaf layer (kg/ha), Nitrogen content in all leafs (kg/ha)
http://www.mijnakker.nl/

Available Applications in Agriculture

c) Imp o ement of fa me s li es Improvement farmers lives
Precision Agriculture To optimize field level management by field-level

matching farming practices more closely to crop needs reducing environmental risks and footprint of farming (Ex. limiting leaching of nitrogen) by boosting competitiveness through more efficient practices (by improved management of fertilizer usage)

With technology such as

Global Positioning System (GPS) to pinpoint farmers exact location to within one meter Geographical Information System (GIS) maps that show various information such as soil moisture, crop growth, amount of necessary fertilizer etc fertilizer. etc.

Available Applications in Agriculture

d) Water resources management
Precipitation data Soil moisture (drought monitoring) Evapotranspiration Land cover/Land use map

Available Applications in Agriculture

d) Water resources management
Precipitation data: Global Precipitation Map (GsMAP)
GsMAP provides Free hourly global rainfall map from various satellite data. 0.1 spacing, 0 1 deg spacing available 4 hours after observation being updated every hour

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

d) Water resources management
Precipitation data: Cyclone attacked Myanmar (May 2008)

28 April 3 May 2008

Rainfall map on Google Earth

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

d) Water resources management
Precipitation data
3 Typhoons in North Western Pacific, Sep Oct 2009 Typhoon KETSANA (17W): 25 30 Sep Super Typhoon PARMA (19W): p yp ( ) 27 Sep 14 Oct Super Typhoon MELOR (20W): 29 Sep 09 Oct

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

d) Water resources management
Soil moisture
good harvests year 2005 drought year 2006 drought year 2007
Water stress trend estimated by MODIS
Wet Dry

Water stress trend

Soil moisture estimated by AMSR-E

Wet Soil moisture Dry

Reference: Damage of grain by the drought in 2006 Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

d) Water resources management
Space Applications for Environment (SAFE) Prototype: Water Resources Monitoring in Vietnam - For mitigation of flood damage and optimization of water resources management, JAXA and Univ. of Tokyo set up a Water Resources Monitoring System using satellite data.

satellite data
River Management Data In-Situ Data

Optimization of Water Management

Water Resources Monitoring Heavy Rain Forecast

Interoperation & analysis

GIS/Map Info

Models

Flood Forecast

Early warning of flood

Available Applications in Agriculture

e) Natural resources protection
Deforestation monitoring Land cover/Land use map

Available Applications in Agriculture

e) Natural resources protection
Deforestation monitoring

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

e) Natural resources protection
Deforestation monitoring

PALSAR 50m-mesh Ortho-rectified Mosaic Products in Asia and Oceania regions (once / year) - ALOS Kyoto & Carbon Initiative (K&C) is an international collaboration project led by JAXA - Monitoring forest change (deforestation and reforestation), wet land etc. as carbon source and sink

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

e) Natural resources protection
Deforestation monitoring: Mangrove swamp monitoring

Images provided by JAXA

Available Applications in Agriculture

e) Natural resources protection
Land cover/Land use map

Images provided by JAXA

Space Technology Applications in GMS Countries

Remote sensing h been actively applied in GMS has b l l d countries such as PRC and Thailand which have their own earth observation satellites. satellites Remote sensing technology has been transferred to GMS countries through international cooperation s e es such schemes su as Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency sa a eg o a Spa e ge y Forum(APRSAF), Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), and some capacity building projects in bilateral cooperation.

Space Technology Applications in ADB p gy pp

ADB concluded LOI with JAXA(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) in 2010 to promote space technology applications in its activities. ADB would like to discuss needs and requirements for space technolog with GMS countries to use it mo e technology ith co nt ies se more efficiently in projects for solving various issues. Please contact Yusuke Muraki, Space Technology Specialist at ymuraki@adb.org.

Table of Contents
1. Overview of space technology 2. 2 Available applications in agriculture in GMS 3. 3 Conclusion

Conclusion
Space technology is a powerful tool which provides solutions for various issues in agriculture in GMS with wide range, routinely collected, and objective information suitable for ll t d d bj ti i f ti it bl f the use in regional cooperation. ADB would like to support GMS countries to apply space technology applications by sharing l h l li i b h i information such as best practices, discussing suitable methods to introduce them, or them establishing projects using them.

Thank Th k you! !