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Discussion tonight
• Intended for new Rails Developers
• People that think Rails is slow
• Focus on simple steps to improve
common :has_many performance problems
• Short - 15mins
• All links/references up on
http://work.rowanhick.com tomorrow
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About me
• New Zealander (not Australian)
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Disclaimer
• For sake of brevity and understanding, the SQL
shown here is cut down to “psuedo sql”
• ab -n 1000 http://127.0.0.1/orders/test_xxxx
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ActiveRecord lets you get in
trouble far to quick.
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What happened there?
• One query to get the orders
@orders = Order.find(:all)
“SELECT * FROM orders”
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Systemic Problem in
Web development
I’ve seen:
- 15 Second page reloads
- 10000 queries per page
“<insert name here> language performs
really poorly, we’re going to get it
redeveloped in <insert new language
here>”
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Atypical root cause
• Failure to build application with *real* data
• ie “It worked fine on my machine” but the
developer never loaded up 100’000 records
to see what would happen
• Using Rake tasks to build realistic data sets
• Test, test, test
• tail -f log/development.log
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Faker to the rescue
• in lib/xchain.rake
namespace :xchain do
desc "Load fake customers"
task :load_customers => :environment do
require 'Faker'
Customer.find(:all, :conditions => "email LIKE('%XCHAIN_
%')").each { |c| c.destroy }
1..300.times do
c = Customer.new
c.status_id = rand(3) + 1
c.country_id = rand(243) + 1
c.name = Faker::Company.name
c.alternate_name = Faker::Company.name
c.phone = Faker::PhoneNumber.phone_number
c.email = "XCHAIN_"+Faker::Internet.email
c.save
end
end
$ rake xchain:load_customers
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Eager loading
• By using :include in .finds you create sql joins
• Pull all required records in one query
find(:all, :include => [ :customer, :order_lines ])
✓ order.customer, order.order_lines
✓ order.customer order.customer.country
order.order_lines
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Improvement
• Let’s start optimising ...
@orders = Order.find(:all, :include => {:customers => :country} )
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Select only what you
need
• Using the :select parameter in the find
options, you can limit the columns you are
requesting back from the database
• No point grabbing all columns, if you only
want :id and :name
Orders.find(:all, :select => ‘orders.id,
orders.name’)
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The last slide was very
important
• Not using selects is *okay* provided you
have very small columns, and never any
binary, or large text data
• You can suddenly saturate your DB
connection.
• Imagine our Orders table had an Invoice
column on it storing a pdf of the invoice...
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Oops
• Can’t show a benchmark
• :select and :include don’t work together !,
reverts back to selecting all columns
• Core team for a long time have not
included patches to make it work
• One little sentence in ActiveRecord rdoc
“Because eager loading generates the SELECT
statement too, the :select option is ignored.”
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‘mrj’ to the rescue
• http://dev.rubyonrails.org/attachment/ticket/
7147/init.5.rb
• Monkey patch to fix select/include problem
• Produces much more efficient SQL
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Updated finder
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r8672 change
• http://blog.codefront.net/2008/01/30/living-on-the-
edge-of-rails-5-better-eager-loading-and-more/
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r8672 output...
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But I want more
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Catch 22
• Hard coding SQL is the fastest solution
• No construction of SQL, no generation of
ActiveRecord associated classes
• If your DB changes, you have to update
SQL
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It ain’t pretty.. but it’s
fast
• Find by SQL
class order
def self.find_current_orders
find_by_sql("SELECT orders.id, orders.created_at, customers.name
as customer_name, countries.name as country_name, order_statuses.name
as status_name FROM orders LEFT OUTER JOIN `customers` ON
`customers`.id = `orders`.customer_id LEFT OUTER JOIN `countries` ON
`countries`.id = `customers`.country_id LEFT OUTER JOIN
`order_statuses` ON `order_statuses`.id = `orders`.order_status_id
WHERE order_status_id < 100 ORDER BY order_statuses.sort_order
ASC,order_statuses.id ASC, orders.id DESC")
end
end
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Don’t forget indexes
• 64000 orders
OrderStatus.find(:all).each { |os| puts
os.orders.count }
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Avoid .count
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For the speed freaks
• Merb - http://merbivore.com
• 38.56 req/s - 7x performance improvement
• Nearly identical code
• Blazingly fast
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work.rowanhick.com
The End
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