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What is EMC
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility EMC
EMI
(Interference)
EMS
(Susceptibility) Radiated Susceptibility
Noise Source
Natural
Terrestrial Atmospheric Sun . . Man-Made ManBroadcast Radar Fluorescent lights Computing devices Microwave Ovens
Propagation Path
Radiation
Far-Field Plane Wave Near-Field Capacitate cross-talk Inductive cross-talk Conduction Power distribution Signal distribution Ground loops
Receptor
Biological
Man Animal Plants
Man-Made ManBroadcast receivers Navigation receivers Radar receivers Computing devices Biomedical sensors
What is EMC
EMI
In 1982 the U.K. lost a destroyer () in the battle of Falkland Island during the engagement with Argentinean forces. The destroyers radio system for communication with the UK would not operate properly while the ships anti-missile detection was being operated.
What is EMC
EMI
A new version of an automobile has microprocessor-controlled emission and fuel monitoring system installed. When the customer drove down a certain street in the town, the car would stall. The illegal FM radio in this street cause that.
What is EMC
EMI
FM/AM radio is noisy when the Desktop PC is turned on. It is forbidden to use the electronic devices, such as wireless phone, notebook, on the airplane.
What is EMC
EMS
In the first nuclear detonation in the mid-1940s, it was discovered that semiconductor devices that was used to monitor the blast were destroyed. It is due to the intense EM wave (EMP) created by the charge separation and EMP movement within the detonation.
What is EMC
EMS
Lighting carries upwards of 50,000A of current. The EM fields from this intense current can couple to electronic systems either by direct radiation or coupling.
What is EMC ?
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Low Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Conducted & Radiated
Why EMC
Healthy reasons:
Microwave oven GSM for brain tumor Cancer caused by high power line
Safety reasons
Aircraft navigation Appliance in home
Why EMC
Wireless comm. reasons
clear spectrum is necessary for WCOM. For proper and secure data transmission. Wide spectrum usage such as
AM radio in LF, MF and HF range FM, TV, and mobile phone in VHF GPS, Digital sound broadcasting in UHF Satellite communication in Microwave range
Why EMC
High-speed trend reason: Year
2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 pitch
(nm)
Vdd
1.1V 1.0V 0.7V 0.6V 0.5V 0.4V
150 90 65 45 32 22
Low voltage
High speed
Why EMC
System on Package (SoP) SOC / SOP reason
RF IC Die
Edge radiation
Decoupling capacitor
Memory Die Memory Die
Signal trace
Digital signal Digital IC Die
GBN coupling to signal via GBN source from through hole via digital signal
Ground plane Power plane GBN coupling to P/G via of RF IC Power via
Why EMC
Automobiles with electronics
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Horizontal Polarization
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How EMC
Source (Emitter) Cost: Low Transfer (Coupling) Path middle Receptor (Receiver) high
Suppress the emission at its source Make the coupling path as inefficient as possible Make the receptor less susceptible to the emission
How EMC
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How EMC
How EMC
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How EMC
An example: for PC
Suppress the emission:
Proper layout with EM concept using component with low edge rate as possible
2) EMC technique include three levels. First( Basic ) --- After the development of product is completed, we can do all standard EMC tests following the regulations --- When they can not pass, you can fix the problems by adding components. ( Such as cap, choke ) Second( Middle ) --- In the testing phase, by the knowledge of EMC, the EMC problem can be found and the design can be changed before mass production. --- at this level, only the subparts can be changed, but the architecture of the system can not be changed. Third( Advanced )
this course
--- In the design stage, the EMC experience, knowledge, and the simulation tool are well employed to design the architecture of the system, you know all what if conditions.
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b. dB V 20 log10
Volts Amps , dB A 20 log10 1mV 1 A Amps Watts dBmA 20 log10 , dB W 10 log10 1mA 1 W Watts d. Note : dBm dBmW 10 log10 1 W e. In EMC, radiated EM fields are expressed in terms of electrical field intensity in V/m, or in terms of magnetic field in units of A . m V m dB V 20 log10 1 V m m c. dBmV 20 log10 f. Gain in dB
Pin = 1W
Amplifier Gain=60dB
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I out
+
Vin
+
V(z)
+
Vout
ZL
z=0
+
z=L
V( z ) = V e z e j z + V e + z e + j z = V f ( z ) + V b ( z ) I( z ) = V
+
z j z
e + z e + j z =
Vf ( z) ZL
Vb ( z) ZL
ZL
ZL
reflection coef.
( z ) = ( z ) =
Vb ( z) Vf ( z)
V V
e 2 z e j 2 z = 0 if Z L = Z C matched load Vb ( z) = 0
ZL Z C Z L + ZC
power delivered :
* 1 Re V( z )I ( z ) 2 if matched load
P av ( z ) =
1 V + 2 z e P av ( z ) = cos z where z = 2 ZC
2
ZC
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(cable loss)=
cable length
(cable loss)dB = 10 log10 e 2 L = 20 L log10 e = 8.686 L In general: is due to the loss of conductor
ex :
r = 2.1(Teflone)
coaxial cable
ZC
Spectrum Analyzer
RS
ZC = 50
VOC
Cin
R in
for RF instrument
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Output power displayed on a meter of the signal source in terms of output power of matched load. i.e R L = R S = 50 Vout RL 1 = VOC = VOC RS + R L 2 Vout V = out RL 50
2 2
RS VOC
Pout =
+ Vout -
RL
Note : It is industrial standard that voltage and currents are specified in their RMS values and no factor of then required in power expression. i.e. Vout = 1 (Vout ) peak. 2 1 is 2
for examplea S.G. shows -37dBm output means Vout = 50 i Pout = 3.162mv(RMS) = 70dB V
Many signal measures such as spectrum analyzers also have their response specified assume a 50 input impedance to the instrument. for examplea S.A. shows the maximum input rating of -30dBm=1 W (Vin ) max = 50 i Pin = 50() i 1( W) = 7.07mv
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