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CONTENT
WORKING GROUP B11..........................................................................................................................1
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN50126.....................................................................................................1
CONTENT................................................................................................................................................2
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB............................................................................................................................1
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN 50126....................................................................................................1
DRAFT MAY 2002...................................................................................................................................1
TABLES.................................................................................................................................................90
TABLE 1: RAM FAILURE CATEGORIES 101......................................................................................90
TABLE 2: SIGNIFICANT FAILURE SPECIFICATION 102....................................................................90
TABLE 3: MAJOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION 103..............................................................................90
TABLE 4: MINOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION 103...............................................................................90
TABLE 5: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY SIGNIFICANT
(IMMOBILISING FAILURE) 105....................................................................................................................90
TABLE 6: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MAJOR (SERVICE
FAILURE) 106................................................................................................................................................90
TABLE 7: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MINOR 107.........................90
TABLE 8: QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTAINABILITY 108.........................................90
TABLE 9: PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS 110...............................90
TABLE 10: LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS 110....................................................................90
TABLE 11: MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS 111..................................................................90
TABLE 12: AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS 113...............................................................................90
FIGURES................................................................................................................................................90
FIG. 1 EXAMPLE OF RELIABILITY PREDICTION ANALYSIS SHEET 122.........................................90
FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET 127....................................90
FIG. 3 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SHEET FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY 129.....90
FIG. 4 EXAMPLE OF CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET 132...................................90
FIG. 5 EXAMPLE OF FMECA SHEET 135............................................................................................90
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INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................91
SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................92
THIS APPLICATION GUIDE PROVIDES A PRACTICAL BASIS AND APPROACH FOR:.................92
SPECIFYING RAM REQUIREMENTS FOR ROLLING STOCK ..........................................................92
ASSURING RAM PERFORMANCE FOR ROLLING STOCK, ..............................................................92
DEMONSTRATING RAM PERFORMANCES OF ROLLING STOCK ..................................................92
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NORMATIVE REFERENCES...............................................................................................................93
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EN50126.................................................................................................................................................93
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS THE SPECIFICATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF RELIABILITY,
AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY AND SAFETY (RAMS)........................................................................93
PR ENV 50127-1....................................................................................................................................93
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS - GUIDE TO THE SPECIFICATION OF A GUIDED TRANSPORT
SYSTEM. PART 1: GENERAL......................................................................................................................93
EN 60721-1............................................................................................................................................93
CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. PART 1: ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETERS AND THEIR SEVERITY.......................................................................................................93
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INFORMATIVE REFERENCES............................................................................................................93
UNIFE LCC GROUP..............................................................................................................................93
SERIES OF DOCUMENTS FROM VOLUME I TO IV............................................................................93
DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................................................................93
THIS DOCUMENT ADOPTS THE SAME DEFINITIONS OF THE EN 50126........................................93
APPROACH ADOPTED.......................................................................................................................93
THE APPROACH ADOPTED FOR EACH PHASE OF THE LIFE CYCLE TO SET UP AND
SUCCESSIVELY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE STANDARD IS TO RAISE THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS: ...............................................................................................................................................93
WHAT: WHAT ACTIVITIES / TASKS TO BE PERFORMED AND THE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS
TO BE PRODUCED .....................................................................................................................................93
WHO: WHO HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THESE ACTIVITIES / TASKS ................................93
HOW: WHICH TYPE OF METHOD OR TOOL TO BE USED .............................................................93
THIS PROCESS IS ADOPTED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GUIDE AND WILL BE APPLIED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STRUCTURE OF THE APPLICATION GUIDE............................................93
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THE FINAL GOAL IS THE DERIVATION OF RAM TARGETS THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF ALL
THE INFORMATION COLLECTED AND ORGANISED IN A STRUCTURED WAY.....................................97
8.1 PRELIMINARY RAM ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................97
8.1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................97
THE PRELIMINARY RAM ANALYSIS HAS THE PURPOSE OF IDENTIFYING THE APPLICATION
ENVIRONMENT AND THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE ROLLING STOCK, IN ORDER TO
RECOGNISE THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS WHICH THE OVERALL RAM REQUIREMENTS HAVE
TO BE BASED ON.........................................................................................................................................97
THE ANALYSIS IS DEVELOPED THROUGH DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES TO COVER THE
FOLLOWING ASPECTS:...............................................................................................................................97
SIMILAR SYSTEM REVIEW:.................................................................................................................97
A LIST OF THE EXISTING ROLLING STOCK, APPLICABLE FOR PROVIDING SUITABLE RAMRELATED INFORMATION, IS MADE;..........................................................................................................97
PRELIMINARY SYSTEM ANALYSIS: ..................................................................................................97
THE ROLLING STOCK AVAILABLE DOCUMENTATION IS REVIEWED IN ORDER TO DEFINE, AT
A PRELIMINARY LEVEL, THE OVERALL SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND ITS MISSION PROFILE AND TO
RECOGNISE THE SYSTEM FAILURE CONDITIONS..................................................................................97
THE DELIVERABLES OF THESE PRELIMINARY RAM-RELATED ACTIVITIES CONSTITUTE THE
BACKGROUND NECESSARY FOR DEFINING THE OVERALL RAM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
IN TERMS OF:...............................................................................................................................................97
RAM REQUIREMENTS;........................................................................................................................97
DEMONSTRATION AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA;..........................................................................97
RAM PROGRAMME REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................97
8.1.2 Preliminary RAM Analysis activities...............................................................................................97
THE PRELIMINARY RAM-RELATED ACTIVITIES CONSIST IN INVESTIGATING ALL THE
RELEVANT AVAILABLE DOCUMENTATION IN ORDER TO RECOGNISE ALL THE FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS WHICH MAY AFFECT THE RAM PERFORMANCES OF THE ROLLING STOCK........97
THE DELIVERABLES OF THE PRELIMINARY RAM-RELATED ACTIVITIES RESULT:....................97
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION, WHERE THE ROLLING STOCK HAS TO BE IDENTIFIED IN TERMS OF
BOUNDARY LIMITS, OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS, FUNCTIONS, INTERFACES, STRUCTURE,
LOGISTICS AND MAINTENANCE CONDITIONS.........................................................................................97
FAILURE CONDITIONS, WHERE THE FAILURES OF THE ROLLING STOCK HAVE TO BE
IDENTIFIED AND CATEGORISED IN ORDER TO DEFINE APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS.................97
8.1.3 System Identification ....................................................................................................................98
THIS SECTION PROVIDES FOR A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN FEATURES IDENTIFYING
A ROLLING STOCK (SEE ANNEX A, ITEM A2 OF EN 50126)....................................................................98
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MINOR..................................................................................................................................................102
A FAILURE THAT:...............................................................................................................................102
- DOES NOT PREVENT A SYSTEM ACHIEVING ITS SPECIFIED PERFORMANCE AND ..............102
DOES NOT MEET CRITERIA FOR SIGNIFICANT OR MAJOR FAILURES.......................................102
IN ORDER TO BETTER DEFINE THE ABOVE MENTIONED FAILURE CATEGORIES THE
FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ARE APPLICABLE TO ROLLING STOCK AND TO ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS,
ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO ROLLING STOCK :...........................................................102
SIGNIFICANT FAILURE (IMMOBILISING FAILURE): ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON ROLLING
STOCK AND LEADING, AT LEAST, TO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:...............................102
A DELAY GREATER THAN A SPECIFIED TIME................................................................................102
A STOP OF THE TRAIN ON THE TRACK..........................................................................................102
A WITHDRAWAL OF THE TRAIN FROM SERVICE ..........................................................................102
A COST GREATER THAN A SPECIFIED THRESHOLD....................................................................102
MAJOR FAILURE (SERVICE FAILURE): ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE ROLLING STOCK
AND LEADING, AT LEAST, TO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:............................................102
A DELAY LESS THAN A SPECIFIED TIME........................................................................................102
FAILING SPECIFIED PERFORMANCES............................................................................................102
A COST LESS THAN A SPECIFIED THRESHOLD............................................................................102
MINOR FAILURE.................................................................................................................................103
ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE ROLLING STOCK AND LEADING TO A MAINTENANCE
TASK, EVEN IF THIS FAILURE HAS NO IMPACT ON SERVICE..............................................................103
ACCORDING THE ABOVE MENTIONED DEFINITIONS AND CONDITIONS OF FAILURES THE
CUSTOMER HAS TO ESTABLISH:............................................................................................................103
THE NUMBER OF MINUTES OF DELAY FOR SIGNIFICANT FAILURES AND MAJOR FAILURE. 103
THE THRESHOLD COST FOR SIGNIFICANT FAILURES AND MAJOR FAILURE..........................103
THE MODE OF COUNTING THE DELAY (I.E. AT THE END OF THE RUN ONLY, CUMULATED
DURING ALL THE STOPS, THE MAXIMUM BETWEEN TWO STOPS, ETC).......................................103
SPECIAL SERVICE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE CUSTOMER DECIDES FOR STOPPING
THE TRAIN ON THE TRACK OR WITHDRAWING THE TRAIN FROM THE SERVICE IN CASE OF
SIGNIFICANT FAILURE OR CONSIDER A MAJOR FAILURE FOR SPECIFIED PERFORMANCES
FAILED (I.E. THE FAILURE OF THE PASSENGER AIR-CONDITIONING, THE FAILURE OF DRIVERS
CAB AIR-CONDITIONING, THE FAILURE OF DOOR SYSTEM PER SIDE, THE FAILURE OF A
SPECIFIED NUMBER OF TOILET SYSTEM, THE FAILURE OF THE COACH LIGHTING SYSTEM,
ETC)..........................................................................................................................................................103
THE FOLLOWING TABLES SHOW THE SPECIFICATIONS OF EACH FAILURE CATEGORY. ....103
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THE RELIABILITY TARGETS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE TOTAL ROLLING STOCK AND TO ALL
THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK ACCORDING
TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED.....................................................................................................105
USING THE ABOVE MENTIONED DEFINITIONS THE CUSTOMER INDICATES THE RELIABILITY
TARGETS FOR EACH ONE OF THE FAILURE CATEGORIES IN TERMS OF:........................................105
MAXIMUM ACCEPTED FAILURE RATE (NUMBERS OF FAILURES PER MILLION
HOURS/KILOMETRES)...............................................................................................................................105
MINIMUM ACCEPTED MTBF/MTTF/MDBF (MEAN NUMBER OF HOURS/KILOMETRES
BETWEEN/TO FAILURES)..........................................................................................................................105
THE TERMS HOURS/KILOMETRES ARE TO BE INTENDED AS HOURS/KILOMETRES OF
SERVICE......................................................................................................................................................105
THE REQUIREMENT MTBF IS INTENDED FOR REPAIRABLE UNITS AND MTTF IS INTENDED
FOR NON-REPAIRABLE UNITS.................................................................................................................105
IF THE REAL OPERATING TIME OF SERVICE FOR THE ROLLING STOCK AND FOR THE
SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK MAY NOT BE
MEASURED, THE CUSTOMER CAN CHOOSE, AS APPROPRIATE, THE FOLLOWINGS:....................105
MAXIMUM ACCEPTED FAILURE RATE (NUMBERS OF FAILURES PER MILLION / KILOMETRES)
105
MINIMUM ACCEPTED MDBF (NUMBER OF KILOMETRES)............................................................105
THE MDBF IS TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE FOLLOWING WAY:..................................................105
THE TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELLED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME / THE TOTAL NUMBER OF
FAILURES OCCURRING DURING THE SAME PERIOD...........................................................................105
IN ADDITION, RELIABILITY TARGETS COULD BE SPECIFIED BY THE CUSTOMER FOR
IMPORTANT SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS. IN THIS CASE THE CUSTOMER COULD APPLY THE
FOLLOWING DEFINITION FOR FAILURES AFFECTING IMPORTANT SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS:.......106
ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM AND LEADING TO FAIL SPECIFIED
PERFORMANCES.......................................................................................................................................106
ANY FAILURE OCCURRING ON THE SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM AND LEADING TO A MAINTENANCE
TASK, EVEN IF THIS FAILURE HAS NO IMPACT ON SERVICE..............................................................106
THE CUSTOMER SHOULD SPECIFY THE FAILURE CONDITIONS IN WHICH THE
SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM DOES NOT ACCOMPLISH ITS SPECIFIED PERFORMANCES. .......................106
THE FOLLOWING TABLE GROUP THE ABOVE MENTIONED RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS:. .106
TABLE 5: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY SIGNIFICANT
(IMMOBILISING FAILURE).........................................................................................................................106
APPLICABLE TO:................................................................................................................................106
REQUIREMENT...................................................................................................................................106
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................106
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SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................106
ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................106
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI...........................................................................................................................106
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM 1....................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................106
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI...........................................................................................................................106
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM 2....................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
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HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................106
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI...........................................................................................................................106
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................106
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI...........................................................................................................................106
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................106
SUBSYSTEM N....................................................................................................................................106
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................106
OR........................................................................................................................................................106
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................106
FRI........................................................................................................................................................106
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................106
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................106
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI...........................................................................................................................106
TABLE 6: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MAJOR (SERVICE
FAILURE).....................................................................................................................................................107
APPLICABLE TO:................................................................................................................................107
REQUIREMENT...................................................................................................................................107
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................107
SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................107
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ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................107
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS.......................................................................................................................107
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM 1....................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................107
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS.......................................................................................................................107
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM 2....................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................107
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MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS.......................................................................................................................107
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................107
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS.......................................................................................................................107
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................107
SUBSYSTEM N....................................................................................................................................107
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................107
OR........................................................................................................................................................107
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................107
FRS......................................................................................................................................................107
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................107
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................107
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS.......................................................................................................................107
TABLE 7: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MINOR..............................108
APPLICABLE TO:................................................................................................................................108
REQUIREMENT...................................................................................................................................108
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................108
SYMBOL..............................................................................................................................................108
ROLLING STOCK................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
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SUBSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................108
OR........................................................................................................................................................108
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................108
FRM......................................................................................................................................................108
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................108
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................108
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM.....................................................................................................................108
SYSTEM/..............................................................................................................................................108
SUBSYSTEM N....................................................................................................................................108
MAX N. OF FAILURES........................................................................................................................108
NUMBER / MILLION KM .....................................................................................................................108
OR........................................................................................................................................................108
NUMBER / MILLION HOURS..............................................................................................................108
FRM......................................................................................................................................................108
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF..............................................................................................................................108
HOURS OR KILOMETRES..................................................................................................................108
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM.....................................................................................................................108
THE CUSTOMER CAN ESTABLISH DIFFERENT TABLES FOR EACH ONE FAILURE CATEGORY
SPECIFYING THE REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE FOR EACH TABLE..................................................108
THE REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS OF THE ROLLING STOCK
HAVE TO BE REFERRED TO THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE IN WHICH EACH
SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM IS CLEARLY IDENTIFIED.....................................................................................108
8.3.3 Maintainability Targets.................................................................................................................108
THIS SECTION DESCRIBES THE MAINTAINABILITY TARGETS REQUIRED FOR ROLLING
STOCK AND FOR ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE
ROLLING STOCK ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED................................................108
FOR A ROLLING STOCK AND FOR ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS
BELONGING TO THE ROLLING STOCK ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED THERE
ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAINTAINABILITY TARGETS: ..................................................................108
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INTERCHANGEABILITY.....................................................................................................................110
IT HAS TO BE POSSIBLE REMOVE AN ITEM AND INSTALL ANOTHER ONE IN ITS PLACE
WITHOUT AFFECTING ANY EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS..............................................................110
THE REPLACEMENT SHALL BE COMPATIBLE IN FORM, FIT AND FUNCTION...........................110
TESTABILITY.......................................................................................................................................110
THE OBJECTS HAVE TO BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO
IDENTIFY THE CONDITIONS OF THE OBJECT CLEARLY AND RAPIDLY. THIS MEANS THAT IT
SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO PERFORM PREVENTIVE DIAGNOSTICS SO AS TO CHECK THE
CONDITION OF THE OBJECT BEFORE A FAILURE OCCURS AND TO BE ABLE TO PERFORM
CORRECTIVE DIAGNOSTICS IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY CLEARLY WHICH ARE THE ITEMS THAT MAY
BE MALFUNCTIONING OR DAMAGED.....................................................................................................110
8.3.3.2 Preventive/Corrective Maintenance Requirements .................................................................................111
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DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................111
PS.........................................................................................................................................................111
NOTE: IF IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO MEASURE TIME TO REACH MAINTENANCE SITE OR TO
PLAN MAINTENANCE ACTIONS, CONTRACTUAL FIXED TIMES CAN BE USED.................................111
8.3.3.4 Maintenance Cost Requirements.............................................................................................................112
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CMC.....................................................................................................................................................112
THE PERCENTAGE HAS TO BE EXPRESSED PER YEAR AND CONSIDERING THE PERIOD OF
DURATION OF THE LIFE CYCLE...............................................................................................................112
OTHER MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS CAN BE THE COST OF PREVENTIVE OR
CORRECTIVE (OR THE SUM OF THE TWO) MAINTENANCE WHERE THE CUSTOMER CAN USE THE
COST PER KILOMETRE OR PER 1000 KILOMETRES OR OTHER SIGNIFICANT BASIS (I.E. PER YEAR,
PER VEHICLE-TRAIN, PER SEAT).............................................................................................................112
ALSO IN THIS CASE CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO SPECIFY WHAT THIS COST INCLUDES
DETAILING THE ITEMS COUNTED............................................................................................................112
AS APPROPRIATE, THE CUSTOMER CAN SPECIFY SPECIFIC TARGETS FOR IMPORTANT SUBSYSTEMS OF THE ROLLING STOCK (BOGIE, SUPPLY POWER MODULE, DOORS, AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM, TOILETTE, ETC)..........................................................................................112
8.3.4 Availability Targets......................................................................................................................112
THIS SECTION DESCRIBES THE AVAILABILITY TARGETS REQUIRED FOR ROLLING STOCK
AND FOR ALL THE SUBSYSTEMS, ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS BELONGING TO THE ROLLING
STOCK ACCORDING TO THE BOUNDARY LIMITS DEFINED.................................................................112
FOLLOWING THE ANNEX A AND C OF THE EN 50126 THE AVAILABILITY A OF A ROLLING
STOCK IS SPECIFIED AS THE TIME IN WHICH A ROLLING STOCK IS IN A STATE TO PERFORM ITS
MISSION......................................................................................................................................................112
THE AVAILABILITY FORMULA IS GENERALLY INDICATED BY THE FOLLOWING:....................112
; WITH 0 A 1..............................................................................................................................113
WHERE,...............................................................................................................................................113
MUT = MEAN UP TIME;.......................................................................................................................113
MDT = MEAN DOWN TIME;................................................................................................................113
THEN THE CALCULATION OF THE AVAILABILITY CAN BE DONE STATING, OVER A
PREDEFINED TIME INTERVAL T, THE FOLLOWING ITEMS:..................................................................113
MUT (IN HOURS, KILOMETRES OR CYCLES)..................................................................................113
MDT (IN HOURS, KILOMETRES OR CYCLES)..................................................................................113
THE RESULTING DOWN TIME D (T) WITHIN A TIME INTERVAL T (E.G., 1 YEAR) IS:..................113
D (T) = (1 - A) T.................................................................................................................................113
THE AVAILABILITY NUMBER IS DIMENSIONLESS AND IS USUALLY INDICATED AS A
PERCENTAGE.............................................................................................................................................113
DEPENDING ON THE DEFINITION OF MUT AND MDT IT IS POSSIBLE TO HAVE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF AVAILABILITY USING THE SAME FORMULA:......................................................................113
INHERENT AVAILABILITY, AI............................................................................................................113
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FM= NUMBER OF ROLLING STOCK NOT AVAILABLE FOR SERVICE DUE TO CORRECTIVE AND
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE...................................................................................................................114
FTOT= TOTAL NUMBER OF THE FLEET OF ROLLING STOCK .....................................................114
ALSO ANOTHER TYPE OF AVAILABILITY IS THE SCHEDULE ADHERENCE (RESPECT OF THE
SCHEDULE) MEASURED AS RATIO OF THE NUMBER OF JOURNEYS RUNNING ACCORDING TO
SCHEDULE AND THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHEDULED JOURNEYS..................................................114
THE NUMBER OF JOURNEYS RUNNING TO SCHEDULE CAN BE DETERMINED BY THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHEDULED JOURNEYS AND THE NUMBER OF
JOURNEYS NOT RUNNING TO SCHEDULE DUE TO CAUSES CONCERNING ROLLING STOCK.......114
IN THIS CASE THE FORMULA IS:.....................................................................................................114
..............................................................................................................................................................114
WHERE:...............................................................................................................................................114
FS= NUMBER OF JOURNEYS RUNNING TO SCHEDULE...............................................................114
FNS= NUMBER OF JOURNEYS NOT RUNNING TO SCHEDULE DUE TO CAUSES CONCERNING
ROLLING STOCK........................................................................................................................................114
FTOT_S= TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHEDULED JOURNEYS..............................................................114
THE FOLLOWING TABLE GROUP THE ABOVE MENTIONED AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS:114
TABLE 12: AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................114
FORMULA............................................................................................................................................114
DEFINITION.........................................................................................................................................114
DIMENSION.........................................................................................................................................114
..............................................................................................................................................................114
INHERENT AVAILABILITY..................................................................................................................114
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................114
..............................................................................................................................................................115
ACHIEVED (TECHNICAL) AVAILABILITY.........................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
..............................................................................................................................................................115
OPERATIONAL (LOGISTIC) AVAILABILITY......................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
..............................................................................................................................................................115
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FLEET AVAILABILITY.........................................................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
..............................................................................................................................................................115
SCHEDULE ADHERENCE..................................................................................................................115
DIMENSIONLESS................................................................................................................................115
CHOOSING THE ABOVE REPORTED AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS THE CUSTOMER IS
ASKED TO:..................................................................................................................................................115
DETAIL THE FACTORS OF THE FORMULA CHOSEN.....................................................................115
TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH FACTOR ...............................................115
CONSIDER THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE NOTES GIVEN IN 8.3.1...................................................115
STATE THE TIME INTERVAL OF THE MONITORED PERIOD..........................................................115
8.4 RAM FIGURES CHOOSING PROCESS..............................................................................................................116
THE AIM OF THIS PARAGRAPH IS TO DEFINE A SIMPLE GUIDE LINE TO HELP CUSTOMER IN
CHOOSING APPROPRIATE FIGURES FOR RAM REQUIREMENTS.......................................................116
CONSIDERING THE DELIVERABLES OF THE PREVIOUS SECTIONS OF THE GUIDE THE
CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO: .......................................................................................................................116
ANALYSE ROLLING STOCK SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION AND ITS BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE. 116
CONSIDER FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS INVOLVED AND ITS SUB-SYSTEMS RELATED .....116
CONSIDER RAM REQUIREMENTS AFFECTED BY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ANALYSING
THROUGH FAILURE CONDITIONS............................................................................................................116
CONSIDER RAM REQUIREMENTS OF SIMILAR ROLLING STOCK................................................116
REVIEW PAST ACHIEVED RAM PERFORMANCES.........................................................................116
CONSIDER TECHNICAL EVOLUTION OF THE ROLLING STOCK UNDER CONSIDERATION......116
EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF NEW FUNCTIONALITIES REQUESTED............................................116
CONSIDER A REALISTIC IMPROVEMENT OF RAM REQUIREMENTS ..........................................116
CONSIDER OTHER SPECIFIC AND DOCUMENTED NEEDS...........................................................116
THE PREVIOUS ACTION POINTS SHOULD ENABLE THE CUSTOMER TO MAKE THE BETTER
CHOICE WITH SUBSTANTIAL SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION..........................................................116
THE CUSTOMER SHOULD DOCUMENT THE CHOOSING PROCESS OF RAM FIGURES
SPECIFYING THE CONSIDERATION ADOPTED TO ADDRESS EACH FIGURE CHOSEN....................116
8.5 RAM PROGRAMME..................................................................................................................................117
8.5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................117
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DRAWN UP BY....................................................................................................................................120
FIRST AND LAST NAME OF AUTHOR..............................................................................................120
FILENAME...........................................................................................................................................120
NAME OF FILE OF THE DOCUMENT.................................................................................................120
8.5.4.2 Reliability Prediction Analysis Form and Data Sheets.............................................................................121
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NOTES.................................................................................................................................................121
ANY POSSIBLE CLARIFICATIONS ON THE ORIGIN OF THE FAILURE RATE AND CORRECTION
FACTORS INTRODUCED...........................................................................................................................121
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................122
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................122
FIG. 1 EXAMPLE OF RELIABILITY PREDICTION ANALYSIS SHEET.............................................122
PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................122
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................122
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN 50126................................................................................................122
8.5.4.3 Maintenance Attributes (Maintenance Levels, Skill Level and LRU definition)........................................124
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ALL THE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULED ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT WITHIN A WORKSHOP.124
WITHIN THIS CONCERN FOR THE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS FORM AND DATA
SHEETS CAN BE USED THIS TWO CODES AS "MAINTENANCE LEVEL CODES":.............................124
FLPM (FIRST LEVEL PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE).......................................................................124
SLPM (SECOND LEVEL PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE).................................................................124
A SIMILAR SITUATION OCCURS WHEN CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE IS CONSIDERED, BUT IN
THIS CASE BESIDES THE RESOURCES OF THE DEPOT (PERSONNEL, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND
SO ON) ALSO THE FAILURE MODE MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT AS AN ATTRIBUTE
AFFECTING THE RAM REQUIREMENTS:.................................................................................................124
1 FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE: IN THIS CASE TWO CHOICES CAN BE CONSIDERED
ADDRESSING THE TARGET OF THE FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE:...................................................124
REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE: ALL THE REPAIR MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT
WITHIN THE DEPOT...................................................................................................................................124
NOT REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE: ONLY DISASSEMBLING/ASSEMBLING OF ITEMS
(REPLACING ITEMS WITH SPARE PARTS)..............................................................................................124
2 SECOND LEVEL MAINTENANCE: IN THIS CASE ONLY ONE CHOICE CAN BE CONSIDERED:
124
REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE: ONLY DISASSEMBLING/ASSEMBLING OF ITEMS (REPLACING
ITEMS WITH SPARE PARTS), AND THE OTHER REPAIR MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ARE CARRIED
OUT ON THE DISMANTLED ITEMS WITHIN THE DEPOT/WORKSHOP..................................................125
WITHIN THIS CONCERN FOR THE CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS FORM AND DATA
SHEETS CAN BE USED THIS THREE CODES AS "MAINTENANCE LEVEL CODES":..........................125
FLCM - REP (FIRST LEVEL CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH REPAIRABLE FAILURE MODE)
125
FLCM - NOT REP (FIRST LEVEL CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH NOT REPAIRABLE
FAILURE MODE).........................................................................................................................................125
SLCM (SECOND LEVEL CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE)................................................................125
DEPENDING ON THE DEFINITION OF FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE, ALSO THE DEFINITION OF
LRU (LINE REPLACEABLE UNIT) CAN BE CLARIFIED:..........................................................................125
LRU = IT IS THE ITEM ON WHICH FIRST LEVEL MAINTENANCE ACTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT.
125
THIS DEFINITION CAN BE USED WHERE THE DEPTH OF THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE MUST
BE DEFINED. (SEE 8.1.3)...........................................................................................................................125
AS AN AID TO ESTABLISH "SKILL LEVEL CODES", THE FOLLOWING ARE SUGGESTED AS AN
EXAMPLE:...................................................................................................................................................125
LOW SKILL LEVEL (CODE "L"): PERSONNEL WITH BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE
SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS AND ABLE TO CARRY OUT SIMPLE AND EASY ACTIONS SUCH AS:......125
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STANDSTILL TIME FOR THE ROLLING STOCK TO COMPLETE ALL THE MAINTENANCE TASKS
OF THE FREQUENCY.................................................................................................................................126
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PERSONS SIMULTANEOUSLY INVOLVED TO COMPLETE ALL THE
MAINTENANCE TASKS OF THE FREQUENCY .......................................................................................126
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................127
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN 50126................................................................................................127
FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET........................................127
PAGE 158 OF 158................................................................................................................................127
FIG. 3 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SHEET FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY..........129
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................127
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................127
8.5.4.5 Corrective Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets.......................................................................130
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................130
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN 50126................................................................................................130
WORKING GROUP B11......................................................................................................................130
DRAFT MAY 2002...............................................................................................................................130
THE CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEETS SHOULD CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION:...........................................................................................................................................130
CODE...................................................................................................................................................130
BREAKDOWN CODE OF LRU............................................................................................................130
DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................130
DESCRIPTION OF LRU.......................................................................................................................130
PART NO.............................................................................................................................................130
PART NO. OF LRU..............................................................................................................................130
QTY......................................................................................................................................................130
AMOUNT OF LRU IN L2 ASSEMBLY.................................................................................................130
FAILURE MODE..................................................................................................................................130
FAILURE MODE ANALYSED FOR THE LRU REFERRING THE FMECA ANALYSIS SHEET.........130
MAINTENANCE TASK........................................................................................................................130
DESCRIPTION OF THE CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE TASK.........................................................130
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BEFORE ANSWERING TO THE CALL FOR TENDER, THE SUPPLIER HAS TO PERFORM
RELEVANT TASKS TO INSURE THAT ALL RISKS RELATED TO THE COMPLIANCE WITH EACH
REQUIREMENTS ARE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION:.........................................................................138
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS: THIS ANALYSIS ALLOWS TO DETERMINATE THE BEST REASONABLE
PERFORMANCES WHICH CAN BE ACHIEVED TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CURRENT EXPERIENCE
RESULTING FROM THE NEW MISSION PROFILE AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT VARIATIONS ON THE
DEFINITION OF THE SYSTEM. THIS TASK IS PERFORMED AT ROLLING STOCK LEVEL, USING
CURRENT EXPERIENCE ON SIMILAR APPLICATIONS AND CALCULATION MODELS LIKE FAULT
TREE ANALYSIS OR RELIABILITY BLOCK DIAGRAMS.........................................................................138
RISK ANALYSIS: REFERRING TO THE BEST REASONABLE PERFORMANCES CALCULATED
THROUGH FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS, THIS TASK ALLOWS TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY TO
PAY PENALTIES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE GAP BETWEEN REQUIRED AND ACHIEVABLE
PERFORMANCES.......................................................................................................................................138
ANSWER TO THE TENDER: WRITE THE DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE OFFER RELATED TO
RAM ACTIVITY PROVIDING THE RAM DOCUMENTS REQUESTED BY THE CUSTOMER...................138
NEGOTIATION: ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS ASKED BY THE CUSTOMER AND/OR SUPPORT
THE NEGOTIATION TEAM DURING THE NEGOTIATION PHASE...........................................................138
AFTER RECEIVING OFFERS THE CUSTOMER EVALUATES THE DOCUMENTS AND CHOOSES
FOR THE BEST OFFER..............................................................................................................................138
USUALLY A SHORT PHASE OF NEGOTIATION BETWEEN THE CUSTOMER AND THE
POTENTIAL SUPPLIER IS PLANNED, WHERE CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTS ARE TAKEN............138
THE TENDER PHASE IS CONCLUDED BY THE CONTRACT AWARD OR THE NOTICE TO
PROCEED....................................................................................................................................................138
9.1.2 Design Phase..............................................................................................................................139
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB........................................................................................................................136
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR EN 50126................................................................................................136
THE FOLLOWING FLOW CHART SHOWS THE DIFFERENT TASKS INCLUDED IN THE RAM
PROGRAMME TO BE IMPLEMENTED AFTER CONTRACT AWARD OR NOTICE TO PROCEED.........139
THE INPUT DOCUMENTATION OF THIS PHASE IS THE TENDER DOCUMENTATION PRESENTED
BY THE SUPPLIER AND THE CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTS FULFILLED DURING NEGOTIATION.139
..............................................................................................................................................................140
THE FOLLOWING IS THE DESCRIPTION OF A POSSIBLE DEFINITION OF THE TASKS:............140
DESIGNATION.....................................................................................................................................140
DESCRIPTION OF THE TASK............................................................................................................140
RAM SPECIFICATION.........................................................................................................................140
THIS FIRST STEP, AFTER CONTRACT AWARD, ALLOWS THE ROLLING STOCK MAIN
CONTRACTOR TO SPECIFY TO SUB CONTRACTORS, PARTNERS OR EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS THE
CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO SUBSYSTEMS, FUNCTIONS OR EQUIPMENTS IN
THEIR SCOPE OF SUPPLY........................................................................................................................140
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THIS PARAGRAPH DEALS WITH THE OPERATION PERIOD IN WHICH CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO
CHECK THE FULFILMENT OF RAM CONTRACTUAL TARGETS FOR THE ROLLING STOCK UNDER
CONSIDERATION BY RAM DEMONSTRATION TESTS AND COLLECTION OF DATA FROM FIELD...142
FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CUSTOMER, THE COLLECTION OF DATA FROM FIELD HAS
THE TARGET OF ADDRESSING:...............................................................................................................142
A BASIS FOR ROLLING STOCK ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................142
A KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ROLLING STOCK PERFORMANCE.................................................142
A REFERENCE DATA BASE FOR NEW ROLLING STOCKS/SYSTEMS/SUBSYSTEMS TENDERING
142
ALSO, FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE SUPPLIER, THE COLLECTION OF DATA FROM
FIELD HAS THE TARGET OF:....................................................................................................................142
MONITORING/VERIFYING DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALLATION PHASE....................142
MONITORING ROLLING STOCK OPERATION TO ADDRESS CORRECTIVE ACTIONS................142
GATHERING DATA AND KNOWLEDGE FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT ....................................143
ALSO, IN THE LONG TERM OPERATION, THE TARGET IS TO FIND OUT WEAK POINTS IN THE
MANAGEMENT PROCESS (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASES) IN ORDER TO FORM A
BASIS FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT AND COST REDUCTION TO OPTIMISE MAINTENANCE
AND OPERATION........................................................................................................................................143
THE DEFINITION OF TEST PROCEDURES HAVE TO BE COHERENT WITH THE SYSTEM
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS AND DEFINITION GIVEN IN 8. ...................................................................143
ALL THE RAM DOCUMENTS PROVIDED DURING DESIGN PERIOD ACCORDING THE RAM
PROGRAMME ARE INTENDED TO BE PROOF OF COMPLIANCE WITH RAM REQUIREMENTS OF THE
DESIGNED ROLLING STOCK....................................................................................................................143
9.1.3.2 RAM Acceptance Criteria.........................................................................................................................143
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ON THE BASIS OF THE RAM REQUIREMENTS CHOSEN, THE CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO DEFINE
THE RAM ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ON THE FIELD................................................................................143
THE DEFINITION OF RELIABILITY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA HAS TO BE ADDRESSED TO
SPECIFY THE CONDITIONS IN WHICH A FAILURE IS CLASSIFIED AS "CHARGEABLE" OR DUE TO
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SUPPLIER, OR ALTERNATIVELY IS CLASSIFIED AS "UNCHARGEABLE".
143
THE FOLLOWING GENERAL CONDITIONS OF FAILURE ARE TO BE CONSIDERED AS
"UNCHARGEABLE" WHEN VERIFIED:.....................................................................................................143
FAILURES OCCURRED DURING THE SERVICE OUT OF THE STATED CONDITIONS OF
OPERATION................................................................................................................................................143
FAILURES DUE TO CUSTOMER PERSONNEL.................................................................................143
FAILURES DUE TO ACCIDENTAL EVENTS......................................................................................143
IN THE SAME WAY THE CUSTOMER IS ASKED TO DEFINE FOR EACH RAM REQUIREMENT
DETAILED ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH, BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF THE
CHECKING PERIOD, CLEAR RULES TO BE FOLLOWED.......................................................................143
9.1.3.3 In service checking Period.......................................................................................................................143
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THE FIELD DATA COLLECTION, WITHIN THE CHECKING PERIOD, COMPRISES THE WHOLE
PROCESS OF GATHERING DATA ON FIGURES AND EVENTS OCCURRING SUCH AS:....................144
FAILURES DURING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE..................................................................144
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAILURES (SIGNIFICANT, MAJOR, MINOR)........................................144
STRUCTURE CODE OF THE ITEM SOURCE OF THE FAILURE......................................................144
DESCRIPTION OF THE FAULT DETECTED......................................................................................144
WORK DURING MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................144
AMOUNT OF MAN-HOURS.................................................................................................................144
MATERIAL CONSUMPTION...............................................................................................................144
KILOMETRES/HOURS OF SERVICE..................................................................................................144
DOWNTIMES AND STANDSTILL TIMES (ALSO LOGISTIC AND ADMINISTRATIONAL DELAYS)144
ALSO REPORTS ABOUT REPAIR AND CAUSE OF FAILURE ARE NECESSARY TO ADDRESS
CORRECT CORRECTIVE ACTIONS..........................................................................................................144
OBVIOUSLY, IDENTIFICATION DATA HAS TO BE COLLECTED TO GAIN TRACEABILITY FOR
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS SUCH AS:...................................................................................................144
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE REPORT CONTAINING DATA................................................144
DATE OF THE EVENT OCCURRED...................................................................................................144
DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION STATUS..................................................................................144
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF THE ROLLING STOCK (OR VEHICLE) WITHIN THE FLEET........144
ALSO A PREVENTIVE INFORMATION ON RESPONSIBILITY COULD BE GIVEN TO ADDRESS
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA...........................................................................................................................144
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USUALLY THE CUSTOMER AND THE SUPPLIER AGREE FOR A RAM DEMONSTRATION PLAN
CONTAINING, AT LEAST, SPECIFICATION OF:.......................................................................................144
RULES AND METHODS......................................................................................................................144
RESOURCE AND TOOLS...................................................................................................................145
ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITY..........................................................................................145
FIELD DATA COLLECTION SITES (DEPOTS, WORKSHOPS).........................................................145
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS (I.E. RAM ANALYSES AND BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE)................145
RAM CONTRACTUAL TARGETS.......................................................................................................145
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA...................................................................................................................145
PROCEDURE TO COLLECT DATA....................................................................................................145
DETECTION OF ALL SOURCE OF DATA AND ANY DISTURBANCES...........................................145
SCHEDULE OF PERIODICAL FIELD DATA COLLECTION REVIEWS.............................................145
PROCEDURE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AND TO ADDRESS CORRECTIVE ACTIONS....................145
PROCEDURE FOR IMPLEMENTING CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN................................................145
IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THE CORRECTIVE ACTION PLAN HAS TO CONTAIN ALSO
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS ON THE CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT PROCESS AS EXPLAINED IN 8.5.2................................................................................145
10
10.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................146
THE AIM OF THIS PARAGRAPH IS TO GIVE A REFERENCE LIST OF THE MOST COMMON
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH ROLLING STOCK...................................................................................146
THE READER IS ASKED TO CONSIDER THIS LIST AS AN AID TO DEVELOP MORE SUITABLE
AND COHERENT LIST OF HAZARDS RELATED TO THE ROLLING STOCK UNDER CONSIDERATION.
146
10.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION PROCESS..............................................................................................................146
THE DEFINITION OF A LIST OF HAZARDS IS A COMPLEX AND DELICATE PROCESS
REQUIRING A DEEP KNOWLEDGE OF THE RAILWAY SCENARIOS....................................................146
THE PROCESS OF DERIVING DETAILED HAZARDS FOR ROLLING STOCK SHALL BE
ADDRESSED TO COVER ALL THE POSSIBLE AND REASONABLE FACTORS INFLUENCING SAFETY
BY CONSIDERING AT LEAST THE FOLLOWING:....................................................................................146
TYPE OF OPERATION........................................................................................................................146
PROCEDURES OF SIGNALLING.......................................................................................................146
MODE OF OPERATION.......................................................................................................................146
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MECHANICAL......................................................................................................................................147
SHARP EDGES/POINTS.....................................................................................................................147
LIFTING WEIGHTS..............................................................................................................................147
VIBRATION..........................................................................................................................................147
ROTATING EQUIPMENT.....................................................................................................................147
STABILITY/TOPPLING POTENTIAL...................................................................................................147
RECIPROCATING EQUIPMENT.........................................................................................................147
EJECTED/THROWN PARTS/FRAGMENTS.......................................................................................147
PINCH POINTS....................................................................................................................................147
CRUSHING SURFACES .....................................................................................................................147
ALTERED STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES...........................................................................................147
PNEUMATIC/HYDRAULIC PRESSURE..............................................................................................147
OVERPRESSURIZATION....................................................................................................................147
BLOWN OBJECTS..............................................................................................................................147
PIPE/VESSEL/DUCT RUPTURE.........................................................................................................147
CROSSFLOW......................................................................................................................................147
PIPE/HOSE WHIP................................................................................................................................147
IMPLOSION..........................................................................................................................................147
BACKFLOW/SIPHON EFFECT...........................................................................................................147
BLAST..................................................................................................................................................147
ACCELERATION/DECELERATION/GRAVITY...................................................................................147
EXCESSIVE ACCELERATION............................................................................................................147
EXCESSIVE DECELERATION............................................................................................................147
INADVERTENT MOTION.....................................................................................................................147
LOOSE OBJECT TRANSLATION.......................................................................................................147
DERAILMENT......................................................................................................................................147
COLLISION..........................................................................................................................................147
SLIP/TRIP............................................................................................................................................147
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FALLING OBJECTS............................................................................................................................147
FALLS..................................................................................................................................................147
TEMPERATURE EXTREMES..............................................................................................................147
HOT/COLD SURFACE.........................................................................................................................147
FREEZING...........................................................................................................................................147
CONFINED GAS/LIQUID.....................................................................................................................147
REDUCED RELIABILITY.....................................................................................................................147
PRESSURE ELEVATION....................................................................................................................147
HUMIDITY/MOISTURE........................................................................................................................147
ELEVATED FLAMMABILITY...............................................................................................................147
ELEVATED VOLATILITY.....................................................................................................................147
FIRE/FLAMMABILITY/NOISE..............................................................................................................147
PRESENCE OF:...................................................................................................................................147
NOISE ..............................................................................................................................................147
FUEL.................................................................................................................................................147
IGNITION SOURCE..........................................................................................................................147
OXIDIZER..........................................................................................................................................148
RADIATION.......................................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE PROPELLANT ............................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE GAS .............................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE LIQUID ........................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE VAPOR ........................................................................................................................148
EXPLOSIVE DUST ...........................................................................................................................148
COMPRESSED AIR/GAS.................................................................................................................148
LUBRICATION..................................................................................................................................148
LEAKS/SPILLS....................................................................................................................................148
MATERIALS: .......................................................................................................................................148
LIQUIDS/CRYOGENS.......................................................................................................................148
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GASES/VAPORS .............................................................................................................................148
DUSTS .............................................................................................................................................148
TOXIC................................................................................................................................................148
IRRITANTS .......................................................................................................................................148
CORROSIVE ....................................................................................................................................148
ASPHYXIANTS ................................................................................................................................148
ALLERGENS ....................................................................................................................................148
HUMAN FACTORS (ALSO SEE ERGONOMIC).................................................................................148
OPERATOR ERROR ..........................................................................................................................148
OPERATION OUT OF SEQUENCE.....................................................................................................148
INADVERTENT OPERATION .............................................................................................................148
RIGHT OPERATION/WRONG CONTROL..........................................................................................148
FAILURE TO OPERATE .....................................................................................................................148
OPERATE TOO LONG........................................................................................................................148
OPERATION EARLY/LATE ................................................................................................................148
OPERATE TOO BRIEFLY...................................................................................................................148
ERGONOMIC (ALSO SEE HUMAN FACTORS).................................................................................148
FATIGUE..............................................................................................................................................148
INACCESSIBILITY...............................................................................................................................148
INADEQUATE CONTROL/ READOUT DIFFERENTIATION...............................................................148
INAPPROPRIATE CONTROL/ READOUT LOCATION......................................................................148
FAULTY/ INADEQUATE CONTROL/ READOUT LABELLING..........................................................148
INADEQUATE/ IMPROPER ILLUMINATION......................................................................................148
GLARE.................................................................................................................................................148
NON EXISTING/ INADEQUATE "KILL" SWITCHES..........................................................................148
FAULTY WORKSTATION DESIGN.....................................................................................................148
CONTROL SYSTEMS..........................................................................................................................148
POWER OUTAGE ...............................................................................................................................148
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SNEAK SOFTWARE............................................................................................................................148
INTERFERENCE (EMI/ESI) ................................................................................................................148
LIGHTNING STRIKE............................................................................................................................148
MOISTURE ..........................................................................................................................................148
GROUNDING FAILURE.......................................................................................................................148
SNEAK CIRCUIT .................................................................................................................................148
INADVERTENT ACTIVATION.............................................................................................................148
THE ABOVE REPORTED HAZARDS ARE GENERAL OR HIGH LEVEL CATEGORIES OF
HAZARDS APPLICABLE TO ROLLING STOCK........................................................................................148
THE LIST IS INTENTIONALLY REDUNDANT IN ANY CATEGORY, WHERE THE REPEATED
HAZARD ARE LISTED TO HIGHLIGHT AND CAPTURE THE ATTENTION ON IT...................................148
11
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DRAWN UP BY....................................................................................................................................151
PAGE N/N............................................................................................................................................151
FILE NAME..........................................................................................................................................151
CODE...................................................................................................................................................151
L1 - SYSTEM........................................................................................................................................151
QTY......................................................................................................................................................151
CODE...................................................................................................................................................151
L2 - SUB-SYSTEM OR LRU................................................................................................................151
QTY......................................................................................................................................................151
CODE...................................................................................................................................................151
L3 - LRU...............................................................................................................................................151
QTY......................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
CARBODY...........................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.1.........................................................................................................................................................151
HEAT INSULATION.............................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.2.........................................................................................................................................................151
FRONT PANEL....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.3.........................................................................................................................................................151
SIDE WINDOW, PASSENGER ROOM................................................................................................151
14..........................................................................................................................................................151
1.4.........................................................................................................................................................151
SIDE WINDOW, DRIVER'S CAB.........................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
1.5.........................................................................................................................................................151
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May 2002
FLOOR.................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.6.........................................................................................................................................................151
SIDE WALL, PANELLING...................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
1.7.........................................................................................................................................................151
ROOF...................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.8.........................................................................................................................................................151
NOSE COVER......................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.9.........................................................................................................................................................151
OBSTACLE DEFLECTOR...................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.10.......................................................................................................................................................151
ENERGY ABSORBTION ELEMENTS.................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
1.11.......................................................................................................................................................151
AERODYNAMIC FRONT NOSE STRUCTURE...................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
1.12.......................................................................................................................................................151
UNDERFRAME....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
MOTOR BOGIE....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.1.........................................................................................................................................................151
BOGIE FRAME....................................................................................................................................151
Page 60 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.2.........................................................................................................................................................151
CARRIER.............................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.2.1......................................................................................................................................................151
STEERING ROD..................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.3.........................................................................................................................................................151
PRIMARY SUSPENSION.....................................................................................................................151
4............................................................................................................................................................151
2.3.1......................................................................................................................................................151
DAMPER..............................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.3.2......................................................................................................................................................151
HELICAL SPRING...............................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.........................................................................................................................................................151
SECONDARY SUSPENSION..............................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.1......................................................................................................................................................151
AIR SPRING.........................................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.2......................................................................................................................................................151
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS FOR SECONDARY SUSPENSION (SET)...........................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.4.3......................................................................................................................................................151
VERTICAL DAMPER...........................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
Page 61 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
2.4.4......................................................................................................................................................151
HORIZONTAL DAMPER......................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
2.5.........................................................................................................................................................151
BEARING ASSEMBLY........................................................................................................................151
4............................................................................................................................................................151
2.5.1......................................................................................................................................................151
BEARING BOX....................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.5.2......................................................................................................................................................151
BEARING.............................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
2.6.........................................................................................................................................................151
WHEEL SET.........................................................................................................................................151
2............................................................................................................................................................151
2.6.1......................................................................................................................................................151
AXLE....................................................................................................................................................151
1............................................................................................................................................................151
PAGE 158 OF 158..............................................................................................................................158
2.6.2......................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.6.3......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.7.........................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE GEARBOX.................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
Page 62 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
2.8.........................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE BOX TEMPERATURE DEVICE.................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.9.........................................................................................................................................................152
INDUSI-MAGNET.................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.10.......................................................................................................................................................152
MECHANICAL INTERFACE WITH BODYSHELL (SET).....................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.11.......................................................................................................................................................152
PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT ON BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.12.......................................................................................................................................................152
SPEED SENSOR.................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
2.13.......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE EQUIPMENT ON THE BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
2.14.......................................................................................................................................................152
EARTHING CONTACTS......................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3............................................................................................................................................................152
TRAILER BOGIE..................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.1.........................................................................................................................................................152
BOGIE FRAME....................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.2.........................................................................................................................................................152
Page 63 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
CARRIER.............................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.2.1......................................................................................................................................................152
STEERING ROD..................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.3.........................................................................................................................................................152
PRIMARY SUSPENSION.....................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.3.1......................................................................................................................................................152
DAMPER..............................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.3.2......................................................................................................................................................152
HELICAL SPRING...............................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.........................................................................................................................................................152
SECONDARY SUSPENSION..............................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.1......................................................................................................................................................152
AIR SPRING.........................................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.2......................................................................................................................................................152
PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS FOR SECONDARY SUSPENSION (SET)...........................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.3......................................................................................................................................................152
VERTICAL DAMPER...........................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.4.4......................................................................................................................................................152
HORIZONTAL DAMPER......................................................................................................................152
Page 64 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.5.........................................................................................................................................................152
BEARING ASSEMBLY........................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
3.5.1......................................................................................................................................................152
BEARING BOX....................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.5.2......................................................................................................................................................152
BEARING.............................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.........................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL SET.........................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.1......................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE....................................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.2......................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.6.3......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE DISK.......................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.7.........................................................................................................................................................152
AXLE BOX TEMPERATURE DEVICE.................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.8.........................................................................................................................................................152
MECHANICAL INTERFACE WITH BODYSHELL (SET).....................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
Page 65 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
3.9.........................................................................................................................................................152
PNEUMATIC EQUIPMENT ON BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.10.......................................................................................................................................................152
SPEED SENSOR.................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
3.11.......................................................................................................................................................152
BRAKE EQUIPMENT ON THE BOGIE (SET).....................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
3.12.......................................................................................................................................................152
EARTHING CONTACTS......................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4............................................................................................................................................................152
AUXILIARY ELEMENTS ON THE BOGIE...........................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.1.........................................................................................................................................................152
SANDING DEVICE...............................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4.1.1......................................................................................................................................................152
SANDING TRAP..................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.1.2......................................................................................................................................................152
SANDING PIPE AND NOZZLES..........................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.........................................................................................................................................................152
WHEEL FLANGE LUBRICATION.......................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.1......................................................................................................................................................152
Page 66 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
TANK....................................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.2......................................................................................................................................................152
PUMP...................................................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.3......................................................................................................................................................152
MAGNETIC VALVE..............................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.4......................................................................................................................................................152
TURBOLUB DISTRIBUTER.................................................................................................................152
1............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.5......................................................................................................................................................152
NOZZLE...............................................................................................................................................152
2............................................................................................................................................................152
4.2.6......................................................................................................................................................153
CONTROL UNIT...................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5............................................................................................................................................................153
DOOR...................................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.........................................................................................................................................................153
PASSENGER DOOR...........................................................................................................................153
2............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.1......................................................................................................................................................153
DRIVE/MOTOR UNIT...........................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.2......................................................................................................................................................153
ROLLER SWING ARM, RIGHT............................................................................................................153
Page 67 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.3......................................................................................................................................................153
ROLLER SWING ARM, LEFT..............................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.4......................................................................................................................................................153
EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (INSIDE).........................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.5......................................................................................................................................................153
BOWDEN CABLE, EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (INSIDE)..........................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.6......................................................................................................................................................153
EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (OUTSIDE).....................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.7......................................................................................................................................................153
BOWDEN CABLE, EMERGENCY EGRESS DEVICE (OUTSIDE)......................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.8......................................................................................................................................................153
DOORLEAF, RIGHT............................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.9......................................................................................................................................................153
DOORLEAF, LEFT...............................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.10....................................................................................................................................................153
LOCK BOX...........................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.1.11....................................................................................................................................................153
LIGHT BARRIER..................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
Page 68 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
5.1.12....................................................................................................................................................153
CONTROL UNIT...................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.2.........................................................................................................................................................153
INTERNAL DOOR................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
5.3.........................................................................................................................................................153
EXTERNAL CAB DOOR......................................................................................................................153
2............................................................................................................................................................153
5.4.........................................................................................................................................................153
SLIDING DOOR DRIVER'S CAB.........................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6............................................................................................................................................................153
DRAW AND BUFFER GEAR...............................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.........................................................................................................................................................153
AUTOMATIC COUPLER......................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.1......................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLER HEAD.................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.2......................................................................................................................................................153
UNCOUPLE DEVICE...........................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.3......................................................................................................................................................153
AIR COUPLER FOR MAIN AIR PIPE COUPLER................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.1.4......................................................................................................................................................153
Page 69 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
Page 70 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.........................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLING LINK.................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.1......................................................................................................................................................153
SPECIAL BEARING FOR ARTICULATION........................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.2......................................................................................................................................................153
COUPLING FORK................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
6.2.3......................................................................................................................................................153
GUIDE ROD SUPPORT.......................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7............................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATION...................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.1.........................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATED DAMPER, ROLLING..................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.2.........................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATED DAMPER, PITCHING.................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.3.........................................................................................................................................................153
ARTICULATED DAMPER, YAWING...................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.4.........................................................................................................................................................153
INTERCOMMUNICATING GANGWAY................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
Page 71 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
7.4.1......................................................................................................................................................153
BELLOWS............................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
7.4.2......................................................................................................................................................153
BELLOWS FRAME..............................................................................................................................153
2............................................................................................................................................................153
7.4.2......................................................................................................................................................153
STEP BOARD......................................................................................................................................153
1............................................................................................................................................................153
8............................................................................................................................................................154
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.........................................................................................................................................................154
TRACTION...........................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.1......................................................................................................................................................154
PROPULSION INVERTER BOXES.....................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.2......................................................................................................................................................154
ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR..........................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.3......................................................................................................................................................154
SPEED SENSOR FOR TRACTION CONTROL...................................................................................154
4............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.4......................................................................................................................................................154
TRACTION CONTROL UNIT..............................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
8.1.5......................................................................................................................................................154
Page 72 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
Page 73 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.5.........................................................................................................................................................154
ANTISKID REDOUNDED (1 PER AXE)...............................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.6.........................................................................................................................................................154
PNEUMATIC GROUP..........................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.7.........................................................................................................................................................154
BRAKE DEVICES GROUP..................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.8.........................................................................................................................................................154
MOTOR BOGIE SECONDARY SUSPENSION RESERVOIR..............................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.9.........................................................................................................................................................154
TRAILER BOGIE SECONDARY SUSPENSION RESERVOIR...........................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
9.10.......................................................................................................................................................154
PASSENGER ALARM BRAKE............................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10..........................................................................................................................................................154
LIGHTING SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.1.......................................................................................................................................................154
COMPARTMENT LIGHTS...................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.2.......................................................................................................................................................154
DRIVING CAB LIGHTS........................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
Page 74 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
10.3.......................................................................................................................................................154
EXTERNAL LIGHTS............................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.1....................................................................................................................................................154
WHITE LIGHTS....................................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.2....................................................................................................................................................154
RED LIGHTS........................................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.3....................................................................................................................................................154
GREEN LIGHTS...................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
10.3.4....................................................................................................................................................154
CENTRAL LIGHTS..............................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
11..........................................................................................................................................................154
FITTINGS.............................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.......................................................................................................................................................154
COMPARTMENT FITTINGS................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.1....................................................................................................................................................154
PASSENGER SEAT.............................................................................................................................154
61..........................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.2....................................................................................................................................................154
FOLDABLE SEAT................................................................................................................................154
2............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.3....................................................................................................................................................154
Page 75 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
MANUAL CURTAIN.............................................................................................................................154
18..........................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.4....................................................................................................................................................154
DRESSHANGER (SET).......................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.5....................................................................................................................................................154
LUGGAGE RACK................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.6....................................................................................................................................................154
HAND RAILS (SET).............................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.7....................................................................................................................................................154
LITTER BOX........................................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.8....................................................................................................................................................154
TICKET VENDING MACHINE..............................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.1.9....................................................................................................................................................154
FIRE EXTINGUISHER..........................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.2.......................................................................................................................................................154
DRIVING CAB FITTINGS.....................................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.2.1....................................................................................................................................................154
DRIVER SEAT (ADJUSTABLE)..........................................................................................................154
1............................................................................................................................................................154
11.2.2....................................................................................................................................................154
SUNSHAD CURTAIN...........................................................................................................................154
Page 76 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
3............................................................................................................................................................154
12..........................................................................................................................................................155
AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING..................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13..........................................................................................................................................................155
DRIVING CAB AIR CONDITIONING...................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
VENTILATION......................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
COOLING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
13.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
HEATING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14..........................................................................................................................................................155
COMPART AIR CONDITIONING.........................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
VENTILATION......................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
COOLING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
14.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
HEATING.............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
Page 77 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
14.4.......................................................................................................................................................155
HEATERS............................................................................................................................................155
45..........................................................................................................................................................155
15..........................................................................................................................................................155
TACHOGRAPH DEVICE......................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
16..........................................................................................................................................................155
DEAD MAN DEVICE............................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17..........................................................................................................................................................155
DRIVER'S DESK .................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
LIGHT RACK........................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
INSTRUMENTS RACK........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE MONITOR....................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.4.......................................................................................................................................................155
CONSOLE............................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.5.......................................................................................................................................................155
RADIO EQUIPMENT ...........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
17.6.......................................................................................................................................................155
Page 78 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
ATP EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18..........................................................................................................................................................155
SERVICE FUNCTIONS........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM.............................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.1....................................................................................................................................................155
LOUDSPEAKER..................................................................................................................................155
8............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.2....................................................................................................................................................155
CONTROLLER.....................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.3....................................................................................................................................................155
CAB CONTROL UNIT..........................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.4....................................................................................................................................................155
EMERGENCY SPEECH UNIT..............................................................................................................155
4............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.5....................................................................................................................................................155
INTERNAL INFORMATION DISPLAY.................................................................................................155
2............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.6....................................................................................................................................................155
EXTERNAL SIDE DISPLAY.................................................................................................................155
2............................................................................................................................................................155
18.1.7....................................................................................................................................................155
HANDSET............................................................................................................................................155
Page 79 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM......................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.1....................................................................................................................................................155
EXTERNAL CAM.................................................................................................................................155
2............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.2....................................................................................................................................................155
INTERNAL CAM..................................................................................................................................155
3............................................................................................................................................................155
18.2.3....................................................................................................................................................155
VIDEO MONITOR.................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
19..........................................................................................................................................................155
WASHING AND WIPER SYSTEM.......................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20..........................................................................................................................................................155
COMMAND & CONTROL/DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.............................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.1.......................................................................................................................................................155
COMMAND & CONTROL/DIAGNOSTIC ............................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.2.......................................................................................................................................................155
INPUT/OUTPUT REMOTED DEVICE..................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.3.......................................................................................................................................................155
DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR.....................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
Page 80 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
20.4.......................................................................................................................................................155
INSTRUMENTS MONITOR..................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
20.5.......................................................................................................................................................155
TCN KNOT...........................................................................................................................................155
1............................................................................................................................................................155
THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF REPRESENTATION OF THE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
USING A TREE DIAGRAM FOR A EMU (ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH.................................156
FIG. 9 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING THE TREE BREAKDOWN CHART FOR AN EMU
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH..................................................................................................156
TREE BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE....................................................................................................156
ROLLING STOCK: EMU COACH........................................................................................................156
DOC. N.................................................................................................................................................156
DATE....................................................................................................................................................156
DRAWN UP BY....................................................................................................................................156
PAGE N/N............................................................................................................................................156
FILE NAME..........................................................................................................................................156
CODE...................................................................................................................................................156
L1 - SYSTEM........................................................................................................................................156
QTY......................................................................................................................................................156
CODE...................................................................................................................................................156
L2 - SUB-SYSTEM OR LRU................................................................................................................156
QTY......................................................................................................................................................156
CODE...................................................................................................................................................156
L3 - LRU...............................................................................................................................................156
QTY......................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
CARBODY...........................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
Page 81 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
1.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
HEAT INSULATION.............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
1.2.........................................................................................................................................................156
SIDE WINDOW, PASSENGER ROOM................................................................................................156
10..........................................................................................................................................................156
1.3.........................................................................................................................................................156
FLOOR.................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
1.4.........................................................................................................................................................156
SIDE WALL, PANELLING...................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
1.5.........................................................................................................................................................156
ROOF...................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
1.6.........................................................................................................................................................156
UNDERFRAME....................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
DOOR...................................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
PASSENGER DOOR...........................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.1......................................................................................................................................................156
DRIVE/MOTOR UNIT...........................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.2......................................................................................................................................................156
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1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.1.12....................................................................................................................................................156
CONTROL UNIT...................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
2.2.........................................................................................................................................................156
RAMP...................................................................................................................................................156
2............................................................................................................................................................156
3............................................................................................................................................................156
PNEUMATIC AND BRAKING SYSTEM..............................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
PRODUCTION/TREATMENT AIR GROUP.........................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.2.........................................................................................................................................................156
BRAKE DEVICES GROUP..................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.3.........................................................................................................................................................156
PASSENGER ALARM BRAKE............................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
3.4.........................................................................................................................................................156
MAIN RESERVOIR..............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
4............................................................................................................................................................156
LIGHTING SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
4.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
COMPARTMENT LIGHTS...................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
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WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
5............................................................................................................................................................156
FITTINGS.............................................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
5.1.........................................................................................................................................................156
COMPARTMENT FITTINGS................................................................................................................156
1............................................................................................................................................................156
5.1.1......................................................................................................................................................157
PASSENGER SEAT.............................................................................................................................157
37..........................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.2......................................................................................................................................................157
FOLDABLE SEAT................................................................................................................................157
12..........................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.3......................................................................................................................................................157
MANUAL CURTAIN.............................................................................................................................157
12..........................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.4......................................................................................................................................................157
DRESSHANGER (SET).......................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.5......................................................................................................................................................157
LUGGAGE RACK (SET)......................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.6......................................................................................................................................................157
HAND RAILS (SET).............................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.7......................................................................................................................................................157
LITTER BOX........................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
5.1.8......................................................................................................................................................157
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May 2002
FIRE EXTINGUISHER..........................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
6............................................................................................................................................................157
AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING..................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7............................................................................................................................................................157
COMPART AIR CONDITIONING.........................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.1.........................................................................................................................................................157
VENTILATION......................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.2.........................................................................................................................................................157
COOLING.............................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.3.........................................................................................................................................................157
HEATING.............................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
7.4.........................................................................................................................................................157
HEATERS............................................................................................................................................157
45..........................................................................................................................................................157
8............................................................................................................................................................157
SERVICE FUNCTIONS........................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.........................................................................................................................................................157
PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM.............................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.1......................................................................................................................................................157
LOUDSPEAKER..................................................................................................................................157
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May 2002
10..........................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.2......................................................................................................................................................157
EMERGENCY SPEECH UNIT..............................................................................................................157
5............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.3......................................................................................................................................................157
INTERNAL INFORMATION DISPLAY.................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
8.1.4......................................................................................................................................................157
EXTERNAL SIDE DISPLAY.................................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
8.2.........................................................................................................................................................157
VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM......................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
8.2.1......................................................................................................................................................157
EXTERNAL CAM.................................................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
8.2.2......................................................................................................................................................157
INTERNAL CAM..................................................................................................................................157
3............................................................................................................................................................157
9............................................................................................................................................................157
TOILET.................................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.1.........................................................................................................................................................157
VACUUM FLUSH TOILET SYSTEM....................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.2.........................................................................................................................................................157
WATER LEVEL SENSOR (MAX AND MIN)........................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
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May 2002
9.3.........................................................................................................................................................157
COMMAND BUTTON...........................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.4.........................................................................................................................................................157
PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR...............................................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
9.5.........................................................................................................................................................157
DOUBLE CONTACT LIGHTING BUTTON..........................................................................................157
2............................................................................................................................................................157
9.6.........................................................................................................................................................157
PIEZORESISTIVE SENSOR................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.7.........................................................................................................................................................157
CONTACT PROBE FOR LIQUID LEVEL CONTOURING...................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.8.........................................................................................................................................................157
ELECTROPNEUMATIC VALVE FOR WATER....................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.9.........................................................................................................................................................157
BOILER ...............................................................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.10.......................................................................................................................................................157
HK TOILET DOOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT...........................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.11.......................................................................................................................................................157
WHITE AND BLACK WATER TANK...................................................................................................157
1............................................................................................................................................................157
9.12.......................................................................................................................................................157
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WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
Page 89 of 158
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Draft
May 2002
1............................................................................................................................................................157
TABLES
TABLE 1: RAM FAILURE CATEGORIES...................................................................................................102
TABLE 2: SIGNIFICANT FAILURE SPECIFICATION.................................................................................103
TABLE 3: MAJOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION..........................................................................................104
TABLE 4: MINOR FAILURE SPECIFICATION...........................................................................................104
TABLE 5: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY SIGNIFICANT (IMMOBILISING
FAILURE).....................................................................................................................................................106
TABLE 6: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MAJOR (SERVICE FAILURE). 107
TABLE 7: RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FAILURE CATEGORY MINOR......................................108
TABLE 8: QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR MAINTAINABILITY......................................................109
TABLE 9: PREVENTIVE/CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS............................................111
TABLE 10: LOGISTIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................111
TABLE 11: MAINTENANCE COST REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................112
TABLE 12: AVAILABILITY REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................114
FIGURES
FIG. 1 EXAMPLE OF RELIABILITY PREDICTION ANALYSIS SHEET.....................................................122
FIG. 2 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET................................................127
FIG. 3 EXAMPLE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SHEET FOR A SINGLE FREQUENCY..................129
FIG. 4 EXAMPLE OF CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS SHEET................................................132
FIG. 5 EXAMPLE OF FMECA SHEET.........................................................................................................135
FIG. 6 RAM PROGRAMME AND LIFE CYCLE PHASES...........................................................................136
FIG. 7 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING ORGANISATION CHART FOR AN ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE
UNIT COACH...............................................................................................................................................150
FIG. 8 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING THE TREE BREAKDOWN CHART FOR AN EMU
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) TRACTION VEHICLE............................................................................151
FIG. 9 EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURE USING THE TREE BREAKDOWN CHART FOR AN EMU
(ELECTRICAL MULTIPLE UNIT) COACH..................................................................................................156
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CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
1
May 2002
INTRODUCTION
EN50126 is likely to enhance the general understanding of the issues involved in
achieving RAMS characteristics within the railway field. It defines a comprehensive set
of tasks for the different phases of a generic life cycle for a total rail system. Although
some of the examples given in the annexes of EN 50126 are for rolling stock, the
standard is essentially aimed as a top level railway system document.
RAMS characteristics for rolling stock (i.e. its long term operating behaviour
performance), as for any other system, forms an important part of its overall
performance characteristics. But the consideration of RAMS, in contractual terms,
between a customer / operator and a supplier for the procurement of rolling stock has
been problematic. Also, in rolling stock contracts, there is now a greater emphasis on the
impact on end customers of service failures and on the economic and risk
considerations of RAMS (i.e. the business perspective).
On the other side, also Life Cycle Cost is being taken into account to satisfy the
customer needs and to have a wide range approach.
Life Cycle Cost approach represents a holistic, total cost of ownership philosophy for
addressing the economic considerations. The contribution of RAMS to the LCC of rolling
stock would be used to allow the economic considerations to be addressed.
Therefore the application guide to EN50126, focusing on the procurement issues and
providing a common approach for capturing the different performance requirements from
an operator/business perspective, has been established.
EN50126 is a standard which treats the overall aspects of RAMS in Railway business.
The Application Standard shall provide guidance in the usage of EN50126 and shall
provide clarification where EN50126 could be mis-interpreted.
Page 91 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
SCOPE
This Application Guide provides a practical basis and approach for:
to validate that the rolling stock, as delivered, satisfies the specified RAM
requirements
Regarding Safety this Application Guide provides a reference list of the most common
Hazards associated with operation.
Regarding LCC (Life Cycle Cost) this Application Guide establishes RAM key
parameters necessary to be incorporated into an LCC Model.
This Application Guide doesnt establish:
Page 92 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
Railway applications The specification and
demonstration
of
Reliability,
Availability,
Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)
EN50126
Pr ENV 50127-1
EN 60721-1
INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
UNIFE LCC GROUP
May 2002
DEFINITIONS
This document adopts the same definitions of the EN 50126.
Any other definition necessary will be explained and introduced in this section when it
will be used.
Part Number:
APPROACH ADOPTED
The approach adopted for each phase of the Life Cycle to set up and successively meet
the requirements of the standard is to raise the following questions:
This process is adopted for the development of the guide and will be applied in
accordance with the structure of the application guide.
Page 93 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
ENTITIES INVOLVED
The use of this document is indicated both for Railway Authorities and the railway
support industry.
The entities involved within the Life Cycle phases can be represented as in the diagram
below:
Within the framework of a contractual relation consisting in supplying a rolling stock (in
accordance with the initial purpose of the guide), relations can be simplified and only 2
partners be retained:
Customer (must take into account problems of interface with National
Regulation Authority, Maintainer, Owner and Infrastructure company),
p S l i ue pr
In a total system vision, the level of responsibility, which must be known from the first
stage of the project (phase 1 concept), is as follows :
Page 94 of 158
l i e
I E
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
I n f r a s t r u c t u r e
C o n t r o l l e r
Responsibility
T r a i n
O p e r a t i n g
C o m p a n y
a i n
u p p l i e r
u p p l i e r
n t i t y
L i sr et q u i r e m e n Gt s i vp e r o o f
P r o n o a u p n p c r e o v a Wl
a f oi t t rh e a u t h o r i z a t i o n
t o
" g o
a h e a d "
n t i t y
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CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
7.3
Draft
May 2002
7.4
Justify any deviation from the activities and requirement of the standard
Justify the adequacy of the tasks chosen for the system under consideration
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
The correct application of EN 50126 is guaranteed through several requirements.
The following requirements are mandatory (see item 5.3.5 of EN 50126):
define responsibility for carrying out all RAMS tasks within each phase
chosen
make sure about the competence of the personnel involved within RAMS
tasks
establish and implement a RAM Programme and a Safety Plan, where have
to be identified and managed:
make sure that the requirements of this standard are implemented within
business processes, supported by a Quality Management System (QMS)
compliant with the requirements of EN ISO 9000 series
and
effective
configuration
Page 96 of 158
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
8
May 2002
8.1
8.1.1
a list of the existing rolling stock, applicable for providing suitable RAM-related
information, is made;
8.1.2
RAM requirements;
Failure conditions, where the failures of the rolling stock have to be identified
and categorised in order to define appropriate requirements.
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Draft
May 2002
System Identification
This section provides for a general overview of the main features identifying a rolling
stock (see Annex A, item A2 of EN 50126).
The identification process for a rolling stock is made in order to gain assurance that the
process is correctly analysing all the factors influencing the RAM performances.
These characteristics define the conditions under which the rolling stock is required to
accomplish its mission and constitute the reference conditions for:
The main characteristics and features necessary to describe a rolling stock are the
Mission Profile, Operating Conditions, Environmental Conditions and Maintenance
Conditions (including logistics):
1
Mission Profile :
Route of reference
slopes
Operating Conditions :
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CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
Operating time for Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning in heating mode and
air conditioning mode.
Time of coupling
Electromagnetic compatibility
Ergonomics
Environmental Conditions :
Ambient temperature
Solar radiation
Humidity
Altitude
Also, criteria for determining normal environmental conditions can be found within pr
ENV 50127-1 and EN 60721-1.
4
8.1.4
Maintenance Conditions :
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May 2002
outline is given to all the activities and analyses supporting RAM Programme along the
Life Cycle.
Generally, the scope of the structure is to set up the borders of a system by listing all the
items belonging to the structure of that system and using an appropriate number of
discrete levels to distinguish the relationships existing between different areas of the
rolling stock.
8.1.4.1 Common rules to set up a structure
Setting up a structure, a decomposition process is carried out starting from the first level
to the other levels identified and being able to represent all the items and its functional
relationships.
The decomposition process is based on a hierarchical breakdown in a top down process
commencing with the Rolling Stock as the system under consideration.
At each level identified in the hierarchy, every system identified becomes the next
system under consideration and can be further decomposed into lower level items, as
necessary.
There are several methods and tools to set up a structure, but here the following are
recommendations to be followed in order to develop an appropriate and suitable
structure for RAM purposes:
avoid the use of "infinite levels structure" and limit the levels up to a
reasonable number (3 or 4 are suggested)
the last item identified along a branch must be a LRU (Line Replaceable
Unit)
force to use the same definitions when identical items are defined
be sure that the definition used for every item is the same used along all the
design documents (drawings, outlines, diagrams, specifications, etc)
The definition used for LRU (Line Replaceable Unit) is well explained within 8.5.4.3.
8.1.4.2 Data to identify the Structure
Every structure must be presented together with a set of drawings, diagrams, functional
outlines in order to meet the target of identifying the Rolling Stock and all the
subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to rolling stock clarifying at least:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Rolling stock
Doc.N.
Code of document
Date
Date of document
Page n/N
Drawn up by
Filename
Description
Qty
The use of quantity information is suggested for breakdown structure where the product
is defined.
As appropriate, it is recommended the use of the Part Number for every item of the
structure.
Part No.
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
8.2
Draft
May 2002
FAILURE CONDITIONS
The following general failure conditions are defined for the rolling stock according to the
general failure categories which may be experienced by a generic railway transport (see
4.5.2.2 in EN 50126):
Immobilising failure
Service failure
Minor failure
Major
(Service Failure)
Minor
Definition
A failure that:
- prevents train movement or causes a delay to service
greater than a specified time and/or
generates a cost greater than a specified level
A failure that:
- must be rectified for the system to achieve its specified
performance and
- does not cause a delay or cost greater than the minimum
threshold specified for a significant failure
A failure that:
- does not prevent a system achieving its specified
performance and
does not meet criteria for Significant or Major failures
In order to better define the above mentioned Failure Categories the following conditions
are applicable to Rolling Stock and to all the subsystems, assemblies and parts
belonging to rolling stock :
Major Failure (Service Failure): Any failure occurring on the Rolling Stock
and leading, at least, to one of the following conditions:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Minor Failure
Any failure occurring on the Rolling Stock and leading to a maintenance task,
even if this failure has no impact on service.
According the above mentioned definitions and conditions of Failures the Customer has
to establish:
the number of minutes of delay for Significant Failures and Major Failure
the mode of counting the delay (i.e. at the end of the run only, cumulated
during all the stops, the maximum between two stops, etc)
special service conditions under which the Customer decides for stopping
the train on the track or withdrawing the train from the service in case of
Significant Failure or consider a Major Failure for specified performances
failed (i.e. the failure of the passenger air-conditioning, the failure of drivers
cab air-conditioning, the failure of door system per side, the failure of a
specified number of toilet system, the failure of the coach lighting system,
etc)
Conditions
Delay greater than
SIGNIFICANT
(Immobilising
Failure)
FCI
Threshold
dimension
Minutes
Specification Requested
Specify mode of counting
delay
Money
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Threshold
dimension
Conditions
Delay less than
MAJOR
(Service Failure)
FCS
Failing
performance
Minutes
specified
Specification Requested
Specify mode of counting
delay
Specify service conditions
under which the Customer
considers
failed
the
performance
Money
Conditions
MINOR
FCM
Threshold
dimension
Specification Requested
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
8.3
8.3.1
Draft
May 2002
RAM REQUIREMENTS
Introduction
The aim of this paragraph is to give an overview of the most used RAM Requirements in
order to help Customer in choosing of the appropriate requirements for rolling stock.
Choosing the appropriate RAM Requirements, the Customer is strongly asked to
consider:
economic implications
The Customer should document the choosing process of RAM Requirements specifying
the consideration adopted to address each requirement chosen.
8.3.2
Reliability Targets
This section describes the Reliability Targets required for the Failure Categories
Significant (Immobilising), Major (Service) and Minor Failure. (i.e. MTBF in Hours, failure
rate per million of hours/kilometres).
The Reliability Targets are applicable to the total rolling stock and to all the subsystems,
assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock according to the boundary limits
defined.
Using the above mentioned definitions the Customer indicates the Reliability Targets for
each one of the Failure Categories in terms of:
maximum accepted
hours/Kilometres)
Failure
Rate (numbers
of
failures
per
million
the total distance travelled over a period of time / the total number of failures
occurring during the same period.
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
The Customer should specify the Failure conditions in which the System/Subsystem
does not accomplish its specified performances.
The following table group the above mentioned Reliability Requirements:
Table 5: Reliability Requirements for Failure Category Significant (Immobilising
Failure)
Applicable to:
Rolling Stock
System/
Subsystem 1
System/
Subsystem 2
System/
Subsystem
System/
Subsystem n
Requirement
Dimension
Symbol
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRI
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFI/MTTFI/MDBFI
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Rolling Stock
System/
Subsystem 1
System/
Subsystem 2
System/
Subsystem
System/
Subsystem n
Requirement
Dimension
Symbol
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRS
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFS/MTTFS/MDBFS
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Rolling Stock
System/
Subsystem 1
System/
Subsystem 2
System/
Subsystem
System/
Subsystem n
Requirement
Dimension
Symbol
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
Max N. of Failures
Number / Million Km
Or
Number / Million hours
FRM
MTBF/MTTF/MDBF
Hours or Kilometres
MTBFM/MTTFM/MDBFM
The Customer can establish different tables for each one Failure Category specifying the
Requirements applicable for each table
The Requirements applicable to Systems/Subsystems of the rolling stock have to be
referred to the Breakdown Structure in which each System/Subsystem is clearly
identified.
8.3.3
Maintainability Targets
This section describes the Maintainability Targets required for rolling stock and for all the
subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock according to the
boundary limits defined.
For a rolling stock and for all the subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the
rolling stock according to the boundary limits defined there are different types of
Maintainability Targets:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Accessibility:
the layout of each piece of equipment and its position on the rolling
stock and relative connections shall be made in such a way as to
make it possible to perform inspections, repairs, revision,
replacement, taking into consideration the dimensions of the tools
that may be necessary to perform these operations, the working
area necessary for the maintenance personnel, the safety standards
and possible need for localised illumination.
All fastening points of the equipment and interfacing points between
it and the infrastructures (ventilation channels, fans, filters, etc.)
shall, as a rule, be accessible without the need of special tools.
Dismounting:
Modularity:
Handiness:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
Standardisation:
Interchangeability
Testability
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Dimension
Symbol
hours, kilometres
MinFreqsm
hours
MaxSTcm
dimensionless
MaxANPm
hours
MaxATd-m
hours
MaxATd-i-r
Dimensionless
Fc
hours
MTTR
hours
MTTM
Time,
cycles
distance,
MTBM
Dimension
Symbol
hours
MaxATrm
hours
MaxATpm
dimensionless
Ps
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Dimension
Symbol
Money
Tmp
Money
Tcm
Money
SPa-p-s
Money
PMc
Money
CMc
The percentage has to be expressed per year and considering the period of duration of
the Life Cycle.
Other Maintenance Cost Requirements can be the cost of Preventive or Corrective (or
the sum of the two) Maintenance where the Customer can use the cost per Kilometre or
per 1000 Kilometres or other significant basis (i.e. per year, per vehicle-train, per seat).
Also in this case Customer is asked to specify what this cost includes detailing the items
counted.
As appropriate, the Customer can specify specific targets for important sub-systems of
the rolling stock (bogie, supply power module, doors, air conditioning system, toilette,
etc)
8.3.4
Availability Targets
This section describes the Availability Targets required for rolling stock and for all the
subsystems, assemblies and parts belonging to the rolling stock according to the
boundary limits defined.
Following the Annex A and C of the EN 50126 the availability A of a rolling stock is
specified as the time in which a rolling stock is in a state to perform its mission.
The availability formula is generally indicated by the following:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
A=
May 2002
MUT
; with 0 A 1
MUT + MDT
where,
MUT = Mean Up Time;
MDT = Mean Down Time;
Then the calculation of the availability can be done stating, over a predefined time
interval T, the following items:
MUT (in hours, kilometres or cycles)
MDT (in hours, kilometres or cycles)
The resulting down time d (T) within a time interval T (e.g., 1 year) is:
d (T) = (1 - A) T
The availability number is dimensionless and is usually indicated as a percentage.
Depending on the definition of MUT and MDT it is possible to have different types of
availability using the same formula:
Inherent Availability, Ai
Achieved (technical) Availability, Aa
Operational (logistic) Availability, Ao
For Inherent Availability, Ai, the definitions used for MUT and MDT are:
MUT=MTBF=Mean Time Between Failures (hours)
MDT=MTTR=Mean Time To Restore (hours)
then the formula is:
Ai =
MTBF
MTBF + MTTR
For Achieved (technical) Availability, Aa, the definitions for MUT and MDT are:
MUT=MTBM=Mean Time Between Maintenance (hours)
MDT=MTTM=Mean Time To Maintain (hours)
In this case the MTTM takes into account the mean time required to maintain rolling
stock both for preventive and corrective maintenance and then the formula is:
Aa =
MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
For Operational (logistic) Availability, Ao, the definitions for MUT and MDT are:
MUT=MTBM=Mean Time Between Maintenance (hours)
MDT=MTTM=Mean Time To Maintain (hours)
In this case the MTTM takes into account the mean time required to maintain rolling
stock both for preventive and corrective maintenance including logistical and
administrative delays and then the formula is:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
Ao =
Another measure for availability can be considered calculating the ratio of the number of
rolling stock available for service to the whole fleet.
This is indicated as Fleet Availability, Af, and the number of rolling stock available for
service is determined by the difference between the number of rolling stock of the whole
fleet and the number of rolling stock not available for service due to maintenance actions
(preventive or corrective maintenance)
In this case the formula is:
Af =
Fop
Ftot
Ftot Fm
Ftot
where:
Fop= number of rolling stock available for service
Fm= number of rolling stock not available for service due to corrective and
preventive maintenance
Ftot= total number of the fleet of rolling stock
Also another type of availability is the schedule adherence (respect of the schedule)
measured as ratio of the number of journeys running according to schedule and the total
number of scheduled journeys.
The number of journeys running to schedule can be determined by the difference
between the total number of scheduled journeys and the number of journeys not running
to schedule due to causes concerning rolling stock.
In this case the formula is:
As =
Ftot _ s Fns
Fs
=
Ftot _ s
Ftot _ s
where:
Fs= number of journeys running to schedule
Fns= number of journeys not running to schedule due to causes concerning rolling
stock
Ftot_s= total number of scheduled journeys
The following table group the above mentioned Availability Requirements:
Table 12: Availability Requirements
Formula
Ai =
MTBF
MTBF + MTTR
Definition
Inherent Availability
Dimension
Dimensionless
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Aa =
MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
Dimensionless
Ao =
MTBM
MTBM + MTTM
Dimensionless
Fleet Availability
Dimensionless
Schedule Adherence
Dimensionless
Af =
As =
Fop
Ftot
Ftot Fm
Ftot
Ftot _ s Fns
Fs
=
Ftot _ s
Ftot _ s
Choosing the above reported availability requirements the Customer is asked to:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
8.4
Draft
May 2002
The previous action points should enable the Customer to make the better choice with
substantial supporting documentation.
The Customer should document the choosing process of RAM Figures specifying the
consideration adopted to address each figure chosen.
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
8.5
8.5.1
Draft
May 2002
RAM PROGRAMME
Introduction
The RAM Programme is a set of activities to be performed along the system Life Cycle
for ensuring that the RAM Requirements stated for the rolling stock are fulfilled at each
development phase.
An efficient RAM Programme shall be established and maintained by the Supplier with
the purpose of ensuring that the RAM Requirements are properly achieved by providing
substantive information/visibility through appropriate RAM analysis.
The RAM Programme tasks shall be managed with direct relationships with general
functional and technical tasks of the Life Cycle through periodical reviews.
The RAM Programme shall be coherent with 7.3 and 7.4.
8.5.2
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
8.5.3
May 2002
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
The RAM Programme Plan establishes all the programme management tasks, in terms
of timing and implementation details of the programme activities and documentation to
accomplish the RAM Programme Requirements.
In the RAM Programme Plan the Supplier shall declare the procedures, the tools and the
timing foreseen for implementing the RAM Programme.
It should be noted that the Supplier is responsible to establish the content of the RAM
Programme and of the RAM Programme Plan and to submit these documents to the
Customer for acceptance within a time agreed by the parts in accordance with System
Quality Plan.
8.5.4
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
L1 Code
L1 assembly
L2 Code
L2 assembly
Doc.N.
Code of document
Date
Date of document
Page n/N
Drawn up by
Filename
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Failure
rate
failures/ Mh)
(in
MTBF (h)
Qty
Total Qty
Notes
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Page n/N
File name
Code
LRU Description
Part
Number
Failure Rate
(f/10^6 h)
MTBF (h)
Qty
Total F. Rate
(g/10^6 h)
Total MTBF
(h)
Total Failure
Rate
(f/Mkm
)
Total MKBF
(km)
Total
Qty
Failure Rate
Source
LRU
Notes
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
8.5.4.3 Maintenance Attributes (Maintenance Levels, Skill Level and LRU definition)
Within railway field there are several definitions and attributes of maintenance.
The purpose of this paragraph is to address to every practical maintenance actions in
order to clear the issues affecting RAM Requirements and then, within the previous short
list, only the suitable definitions will be considered.
As a common situation within railway field, here it is considered the existence of a depot
for the Rolling Stock with trained personnel, resources, a minimum set of spare parts,
tools and equipment to carry out maintenance where the target is to minimise the
standstill time of the Rolling Stock in order to release the maintained Rolling Stock ready
for service within the lowest possible time.
Where the complexity of the maintenance actions, related to the trained personnel,
resources, a minimum set of spare parts, tools and equipment available within the depot,
does not meet this target, the maintenance actions will be carried out with the Rolling
Stock out of service within a specialised workshop.
The first situation it is commonly called as "First Level Maintenance" and the second one
it is commonly called as "Second Level Maintenance".
Considering the previous concern and as the main purpose of the analyses is to meet
RAM Requirements, there are 2 possibilities to carry out the Preventive Maintenance:.
1
First Level Maintenance: In this case two choices can be considered addressing the
target of the first level maintenance:
All the maintenance scheduled actions are carried out within the depot
Second Level Maintenance: In this case only one choice can be considered:
All the maintenance scheduled actions are carried out within a workshop
Within this concern for the Preventive Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets can
be used this two codes as "Maintenance Level Codes":
A similar situation occurs when Corrective Maintenance is considered, but in this case
besides the resources of the depot (personnel, tools, equipment, and so on) also the
failure mode must be taken into account as an attribute affecting the RAM
Requirements:
1
First Level Maintenance: In this case two choices can be considered addressing the
target of the first level maintenance:
Repairable Failure Mode: All the repair maintenance actions are carried out
within the depot
Second Level Maintenance: In this case only one choice can be considered:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Within this concern for the Corrective Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets can
be used this three codes as "Maintenance Level Codes":
FLCM - Not Rep (First Level Corrective Maintenance with Not Repairable
Failure Mode)
Depending on the definition of First Level Maintenance, also the definition of LRU (Line
Replaceable Unit) can be clarified:
LRU = It is the item on which first level maintenance actions are carried out.
This definition can be used where the depth of the Breakdown Structure must be
defined. (see 8.1.3)
As an aid to establish "Skill Level Codes", the following are suggested as an example:
Low Skill Level (Code "L"): Personnel with basic knowledge of the
systems/subsystems and able to carry out simple and easy actions such as:
actions in which the item is directly visible (easily accessible without complex
disassembling actions) and that can be performed using standard tools
(screwdriver, wrench, )
Intermediate Skill Level (Code "I"): Personnel with specific knowledge of the
systems/subsystems and able to carry out detailed actions such as:
searching for the item needing maintenance, also using not standard
tools/equipment (multimeter, gauge, tester,) and with disassembling actions
even using diagrams and maintenance manual
High Skill Level (Code "H"): Personnel with complete and specialised
knowledge of the systems/subsystems and able to carry out detailed actions
such as:
searching for the item needing maintenance, also using sophisticated tools for
technical measures (oscilloscope, logic state analyser, ) and for fine tuning
and with disassembling actions even using drawings, diagrams and
maintenance manual
8.5.4.4 Preventive Maintenance Analysis Form and Data Sheets
The preventive maintenance analysis sheets should contain the following information:
Code
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Qty
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
used
to
May 2002
Step no.
Consecutive number
maintenance task
identify
each
Maintenance Task
Frequency
Maintenance level
Personnel
Skill Level
Man hours
Standstill time
Total Qty
Notes
As an aid to establish the Maintenance Plan the following sheet contains rearranged
data for the same frequency. This sheet also contains an indication for logistic
organisation of the maintainer with the "Frequency total data", where the Supplier is
asked to indicate the following data for the frequency analysed:
Standstill time for the rolling stock to complete all the maintenance tasks of
the frequency
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Page n/N
File name
Spare Parts
Cost
(/1000km)
Man-hour
Cost
(/1000km)
Total Cost
(/1000km)
Maintenance
Task
Spare
Parts and
Special
Tools
Frequency
Code
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Step
N
Maintenanc
e Level
LRU
Personnel
Skill
N.
Level
Spare Parts
Cost
Manhour
Standstill
Time
Total Qty
Notes
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Page n/N
File name
Spare Parts
Cost
()
Man-hour
(h)
Standstill Time
(h)
Max number of
persons
contemporary
involved
Maintenance
Task
Spare
Parts and
Special
Tools
Maintenance
Level
Personnel
Skill
N.
Level
Code
LRU
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Step
N
Spare
Parts
Cost
Man-hour
Standst
ill Time
Total Qty
Notes
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Qty
Failure Mode.
Maintenance Task
Maintenance Level
Personnel
Skill Level
Man hours
Standstill time
Total Qty
Notes
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Page n/N
File name
Spare Parts
Cost
(/1000km)
Man-hour
Cost
(/1000km)
Total Cost
(/1000km)
Code
LRU
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Failure
Mode
Spare
Maintenance Parts and
Task
Special
Tools
Failure Rate
(f/10^6 h)
Maintenance
Level
Personnel
Skill
N.
Level
Spare Parts
Cost
Manhour
Standstill
Time
Total Qty
Notes
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
8.5.4.6 Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis Form and Data Sheets
The FMECA can be carried out addressing analysis to examine functions or items; the
following showed example is addressed to items analysis.
The FMECA sheets should contain the following information:
Code
Description
Description of LRU
Part No.
Qty
Function
Failure Mode.
Failure Cause.
Local effects
Criticality
Failure
Description
Category
Diagnosis
Corrective Actions
Notes
the designer when the FMECA is carried out during the design phase in
order to improve the design of the Rolling Stock
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
FMECA Sheets
Doc. N.
Rolling Stock
Code L2
Date
Code L1
L2 Assy
Drawn up by
L1 Assy
Page n/N
File name
Code
LRU
Description
Part
Number
Qty
Functi
on
Failure
Mode
LRU
Failure
Cause
Failure
Rate
(F/Mh)
Effects
Local
Assy
Criticality
Failure
Category
Diagnosis
Corrective
Actions
Rolling
Stock
Notes
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
activities to be managed
documentation to be provided
Concept
Risk Analysis
System Requirements
Apportionment
Manufacture
Installation
System validation
application conditions
of system
requirement
10
System acceptance
11
Operation and
12
Performance monitoring
13
Modification
14
maintenance
and retrofit
shows
the
integration
process
and
the
programme
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
The Main Supplier is alone and has to negotiate sub-contracts with suppliers.
Customer
Equipment Supplier
Concept
System definition and application
conditions
Risk analysis
System requirements
Apportionment of system
requirements
Concept
Generic Rolling Stock definition
and application conditions
Risk analysis
Rolling Stock performances
Apportionment of system
requirements
Concept
Equipment definition and
application conditions
Risk analysis
System performances
Apportionment of system
requirements
TENDER PHASE
Call for tender
Feasability analysis
Risk analysis
Answer to the tender
Negociation
Negociation
Decision
Customer
Main Contractor
Feasability analysis
Risk analysis
Answer to the tender
Negociation
Sub Contractors
PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
Mission profile
Operating rules
Apportionment of RS performances
Definition of mission profile
RAM Programme Plan
RAM Preliminary analyses
Detailed analyses
RAM synthesis reports
Implementation of action plans
Final acceptance
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
9.1.1
May 2002
Tender phase:
The tender phase is prepared by the Customer during the previous phases (see Fig. 6
phases 1 to 5) and it results in the call for tender document sent to all the potential
Suppliers.
The call for tender contains data about concept, definition and specification of rolling
stock and RAM Requirement to be fulfilled according 8.
The Customer should ask the potential Suppliers for data and analysis during tender
phase. This documentation is useful to better match different offers on the same basis.
Examples of documentation to be required during tender phase can be taken from
design phase documentation. (see 8.5.4)
Before answering to the call for tender, the Supplier has to perform relevant tasks to
insure that all risks related to the compliance with each requirements are taken into
consideration:
Answer to the tender: Write the different sections of the offer related to RAM
activity providing the RAM documents requested by the Customer
After receiving offers the Customer evaluates the documents and chooses for the best
offer.
Usually a short phase of negotiation between the Customer and the potential Supplier is
planned, where Contractual Agreements are taken.
The tender phase is concluded by the Contract Award or the Notice to proceed.
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
9.1.2
May 2002
Design Phase
The following flow chart shows the different tasks included in the RAM Programme to be
implemented after Contract Award or Notice To Proceed.
The input documentation of this phase is the tender documentation presented by the
Supplier and the contractual agreements fulfilled during negotiation.
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Contractual
agreements
Tender
Draft
May 2002
Contractual
requirements
Functional
specifications
documentation
RAM
specification
Allocations
Mission
profile
RAM
Programme
Preliminary
analyses
Product
definition
Preliminary
Design
Review
FOLLOW UP
OF
Critical
CRITICAL
Points
ITEMS
Identification
Detailed
analyses
Final
Design
Review
RAM Growth
monitoring
Action
Plan
Recommendations
Satisfactory
C
O
M
M
I
S
S
I
O
N
I
N
& G
A
C
C
E
P
T
A
N
C
E
Final
synthesis report
Final
Acceptance
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
The inputs of this task are the tender documents and the contractual
agreements.
Implemented at functional level, this task aims to highlight the RAM
critical functions on which further detailed analyses will focus.
During this phase, the classification of functions will be made using the
Failure Categories defined by the Supplier and adapted to the specific
requirements of the Contract.
This task is performed using functional FMECAs to identify RAM critical
functions and Reliability Block Diagrams
The deliverable of this task is a set of Preliminary Analysis to cover all
the RAM Requirements.
Generally, the level of depth of the analyses is not low, but the level is
established according the Breakdown Structure of the Rolling Stock
and according the level of definition and specification of the technical
and functional design.
Preliminary Design
Review
This milestone is stated to check the design process and to review all
the RAM documentation with the purpose of ensuring that the RAM
Requirements are properly achieved and to examine problems arising.
Detailed analyses
During this phase the Supplier collects detailed analyses carried out
by sub contractors in order to:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
RAM Growth
monitoring
Draft
May 2002
Follow up of critical
items
9.1.3
Demonstration Phase
9.1.3.1 Introduction
This paragraph deals with the operation period in which Customer is asked to check the
fulfilment of RAM Contractual Targets for the rolling stock under consideration by RAM
Demonstration tests and collection of data from field.
From the point of view of the Customer, the collection of data from field has the target of
addressing:
Also, from the point of view of the Supplier, the collection of data from field has the target
of:
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Also, in the long term operation, the target is to find out weak points in the management
process (operation and maintenance phases) in order to form a basis for performance
improvement and cost reduction to optimise maintenance and operation.
The definition of test procedures have to be coherent with the system identification
process and definition given in 8.
All the RAM documents provided during design period according the RAM Programme
are intended to be proof of compliance with RAM Requirements of the designed rolling
stock.
9.1.3.2 RAM Acceptance Criteria
On the basis of the RAM Requirements chosen, the Customer is asked to define the
RAM Acceptance Criteria on the field.
The definition of reliability acceptance criteria has to be addressed to specify the
conditions in which a failure is classified as "chargeable" or due to responsibility of the
Supplier, or alternatively is classified as "unchargeable".
The following general conditions of failure are to be considered as "unchargeable" when
verified:
failures occurred during the service out of the stated conditions of operation
In the same way the Customer is asked to define for each RAM Requirement detailed
acceptance criteria in order to establish, before the beginning of the checking period,
clear rules to be followed.
9.1.3.3 In service checking Period
The Customer is responsible in defining an appropriate duration of the checking period.
Defining the checking period, the Customer should consider that usually the RAM
targets are not achieved in the first period of operation, but after a burn-in period where
a reliability growth monitoring process has to be implemented.
Generally the steady state level is achieved at least after 2 years of revenue service.
The reliability growth process is a continuous monitoring of the targets on field and
successive analysis of the results and matching against the contractual requirements.
Where results from field do not meet contractual requirements, corrective actions are
requested to the Supplier.
Choosing the checking period, it is important to highlight that:
at the beginning of the RAM Checking Period, the Reliability Growth Process
has to be concluded
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
the number of rolling stock of the fleet and the cumulative annual kilometres of
service
the maintenance plan of the rolling stock
the RAM Requirements chosen by the Customer
the duration of the contractual relationships between Customer and Supplier
(i.e. duration of warranty period)
Also, the Customer must consider, as appropriate, if the checking period and the field
data collection is addressed to cover:
amount of man-hours
material consumption
kilometres/hours of service
Also reports about repair and cause of failure are necessary to address correct
corrective actions.
Obviously, identification data has to be collected to gain traceability for further
investigations such as:
identification number of the rolling stock (or vehicle) within the fleet
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
acceptance criteria
It is important to note that the corrective action plan has to contain also the assessment
of the impact of the corrective actions on the configuration management process as
explained in 8.5.2.
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
type of operation
procedures of signalling
mode of operation
standards applicable
human factors
and so on.
All the consideration shall be addressed to identify all the possible situations or
associated events likely to have an effect on the safety, in terms of injury or death of
humans, for passengers and/or service personnel when they are:
entering/alighting vehicles
on the station
performing maintenance
The use of data of previous accidents and incidents, generic lists and each other
document dealing with safety hazards is recommended.
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Electrostatic Discharge
Overheating
Inadvertent Activation
Ignition of Combustibles
Electrical Arc
Induced
Coupling)
Voltage
(Capacitive
Mechanical
Sharp Edges/Points
Reciprocating Equipment
Lifting Weights
Ejected/Thrown Parts/Fragments
Vibration
Pinch Points
Rotating Equipment
Crushing Surfaces
Stability/Toppling Potential
Altered Structural Properties
Pneumatic/Hydraulic Pressure
Overpressurization
Pipe/Hose Whip
Blown Objects
Implosion
Pipe/Vessel/Duct Rupture
Backflow/Siphon Effect
Crossflow
Blast
Acceleration/Deceleration/Gravity
Excessive acceleration
Collision
Excessive deceleration
Slip/Trip
Inadvertent Motion
Falling Objects
Falls
Derailment
Temperature Extremes
Hot/Cold Surface
Pressure Elevation
Freezing
Humidity/Moisture
Confined Gas/Liquid
Elevated Flammability
Reduced Reliability
Elevated Volatility
Fire/Flammability/Noise
Presence of:
Fuel
Noise
Ignition Source
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
Draft
May 2002
Oxidizer
Explosive Vapor
Radiation
Explosive Dust
Explosive Propellant
Compressed Air/Gas
Explosive Gas
Lubrication
Explosive Liquid
Leaks/Spills
Materials:
Irritants
Liquids/Cryogens
Corrosive
Gases/Vapors
Asphyxiants
Dusts
Allergens
Toxic
Human Factors (Also see Ergonomic)
Operator Error
Failure to Operate
Inadvertent Operation
Operation Early/Late
Faulty/
Inadequate
Readout Labelling
Inaccessibility
Inadequate
Control/
Differentiation
Readout
Inappropriate
Location
Readout
Control/
Control/
Inadequate
"Kill"
Grounding Failure
Sneak Software
Sneak Circuit
Interference (EMI/ESI)
Inadvertent Activation
Lightning Strike
Moisture
The above reported hazards are general or high level categories of hazards applicable
to rolling stock.
The list is intentionally redundant in any category, where the repeated hazard are listed
to highlight and capture the attention on it.
11 RAM PARAMETERS TO BE INCORPORATED INTO LCC MODEL
To Be Defined
CENELEC TC9-SC9XB
WORKING GROUP B11
May 2002
The following is an example using the organisation chart for the rolling stock "EMU
(Electrical Multiple Unit) COACH", where only for visual purposes two branch have been
developed.
E
C
C
D
C
D
o d e : 1 C . 1o d e : 1 C . 2o
H e ef : a t D S e i f d : e
w D Fi en
I n s u l a tp i oa ns s e n g
Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
M
o
U
a
c h
o d e : 1C
o d e : 2C
o d e : 3C
o d e : 4C
o d e : 5C
o d e : 6C
o d e
C e af : r b o D d D ey of : o r
D P e n f : e u D m L e . i f ga : hn td i D n Fg e i f t : t i n g D s A e u f : t o m D . C e f oi f r : me
b r a k i n g s s y y s s t te e mm
Q
t y : e x1 t i n g u c i so h n i d n
Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
Q
t y : 1
Q
d e : 1 C . 3o d e : 1 C
l f do : o wr D S e i f d : e
wD
e r r o o pm a n e l l
0 Q
t y : 1
Q
t y
. 4o d e : 1 C . 5o d e : 1 . 6
aR e l ol f : o f D U e nf : d e r f r a m
i n g
: 2 Q
t y : 1 Q
t y : 1
C
D
C
D
o d e : C8 .
L e o f : u d Ds pE
s
Q
t y :
: 7C
o
p Da S r e t e
i gt i of u n
t y : 1
o d e : 8 . 1
P e a f :s s e n g e r
i n f . s y s t e m
Q
t y : 1
d e :
f ar: v i r i
ni n c g t
Q
t
8C
o d e : 9C
o d e : 1 0
c D e T e o f i: l e t D E e l ef : c t r i c a
i o n s Q
t y : e 1q u i p m
e
y : 1
Q
t y : 1
C
D
o d e : 8 . 2
V e ifd: e o
s u r v e i
I n s u l a t i o n
Q
t y : 1
o 1 d . 1 e : 8C . o 1 d . 2 e : 8C . o 1 d . 3 e : 8C . o 1 d . 4 e
e em f a: e k r e Dg r Ie en n f t :ec yr n D a E le x fi n: t e f . r Dn Ea e l x f : t e
p e e c h d u i sn p i t l a s y i d e d i s c p a l am
1 0Q
t y : 5 Q
t y : 2 Q
t y : 2 Q
Fig. 7 Example of structure using organisation chart for an Electrical Multiple Unit Coach
: 8C
r Dn
y
t y
. o2
Ia en l
c
: 2
d. 1 e : 8 . 2
f t :e r n a l
a m
Q
t y : 2
Doc. N.
Date
Drawn up by
Page n/N
File name
Code
L1 - System
Carbody
Motor bogie
Qty
Code
L2 - Sub-system or LRU
Qty
Code
L3 - LRU
Qty
1
1.1
Heat insulation
1.2
Front panel
1.3
14
1.4
1.5
Floor
1.6
1.7
Roof
1.8
Nose cover
1.9
Obstacle deflector
1.10
1.11
1.12
Underframe
2.1
Bogie frame
2.2
Carrier
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Primary suspension
Secondary suspension
Bearing assembly
Wheel set
2.2.1
Steering rod
2.3.1
Damper
2.3.2
Helical spring
2.4.1
Air spring
2.4.2
2.4.3
Vertical damper
2.4.4
Horizontal damper
2.5.1
Bearing box
2.5.2
Bearing
2.6.1
Axle
Trailer bogie
2.7
Axle gearbox
2.8
2.9
INDUSI-magnet
2.10
2.11
2.12
Speed sensor
2.13
2.14
Earthing contacts
3.1
Bogie frame
3.2
Carrier
3.4
3.5
3.6
Wheel disk
2.6.3
Brake disk
3.2.1
Steering rod
3.3.1
Damper
3.3.2
Helical spring
3.4.1
Air spring
3.4.2
3.4.3
Vertical damper
3.4.4
Horizontal damper
3.5.1
Bearing box
3.5.2
Bearing
3.6.1
Axle
3.6.2
Wheel disk
3.6.3
Brake disk
4.1.1
Sanding trap
4.1.2
4.2.1
Tank
4.2.2
Pump
4.2.3
Magnetic valve
4.2.4
Turbolub distributer
4.2.5
Nozzle
3.3
2.6.2
Primary suspension
Secondary suspension
Bearing assembly
Wheel set
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
Speed sensor
3.11
3.12
Earthing contacts
4.1
Sanding device
4.2
Door
Articulation
Passenger door
5.1.1
Drive/motor unit
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
5.1.8
Doorleaf, right
5.1.9
Doorleaf, left
5.1.10
Lock box
5.1.11
Light barrier
5.1.12
Control unit
6.1.1
Coupler head
6.1.2
Uncouple device
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
Coupling rod
6.1.7
Bearing block
6.1.8
Electrical coupler
6.1.9
Covering
6.1.10
Center position
6.1.11
Supplies
6.1.12
Earthing
6.1.13
6.2.1
6.2.2
Coupling fork
6.2.3
7.4.1
Bellows
7.4.2
Bellows frame
7.4.2
Step board
5.2
Internal door
5.3
5.4
6.1
Automatic coupler
6.2
Control unit
1
5.1
4.2.6
Coupling link
1
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Intercommunicating gangway
Electrical equipment
1
8.1
8.2
10
11
Lighting system
Fittings
Traction
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.1.5
8.2.1
8.2.2
Battery
8.2.3
10.3.1
White lights
10.3.2
Red lights
10.3.3
Green lights
10.3.4
Central lights
11.1.1
Passenger seat
11.1.2
Foldable seat
11.1.3
Manual curtain
18
11.1.4
Dresshanger (set)
11.1.5
Luggage rack
11.1.6
11.1.7
Litter box
11.1.8
11.1.9
Fire extinguisher
11.2.1
11.2.2
Sunshad curtain
1
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
Pneumatic group
9.7
9.8
Motor
bogie
reservoir
secondary
suspension
9.9
Trailer
bogie
reservoir
secondary
suspension
9.10
10.1
Compartment lights
10.2
10.3
External lights
1
11.1
11.2
Compartment fittings
1
61
12
13
14
Tachograph device
16
17
Driver's desk
Service functions
Ventilation
13.2
Cooling
13.3
Heating
14.1
Ventilation
14.2
Cooling
14.3
Heating
14.4
Heaters
45
17.1
Light rack
17.2
Instruments rack
17.3
17.4
Console
17.5
Radio equipment
17.6
ATP equipment
18.1
15
18
13.1
18.2
19
20
18.1.1
Loudspeaker
18.1.2
Controller
18.1.3
18.1.4
18.1.5
18.1.6
18.1.7
Handset
18.2.1
External cam
18.2.2
Internal cam
18.2.3
Video monitor
20.1
20.2
20.3
Diagnostic monitor
20.4
Instruments monitor
20.5
TCN knot
Doc. N.
Date
Drawn up by
Page n/N
File name
Code
1
L1 - System
Carbody
Door
Lighting system
Fittings
Qty Code
L2 - Sub-system or LRU
Qty Code
L3 - LRU
Qty
1
1.1
Heat insulation
1.2
1.3
Floor
1.4
1.5
Roof
1.6
Underframe
2.1
Passenger Door
10
2.2
Ramp
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Main reservoir
4.1
Compartment lights
5.1
Compartment fittings
2.1.1
Drive/motor unit
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
Doorleaf, right
2.1.9
Doorleaf, left
2.1.10
Lock box
2.1.11
Light barrier
2.1.12
Control unit
Service functions
7.1
Ventilation
7.2
Cooling
7.3
Heating
7.4
Heaters
45
8.1
10
Toilet
Electrical equipment
Passenger seat
37
5.1.2
Foldable seat
12
5.1.3
Manual curtain
12
5.1.4
Dresshanger (set)
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
Litter box
5.1.8
Fire extinguisher
8.1.1
Loudspeaker
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
8.2.1
External cam
8.2.2
Internal cam
10.1.1
8.2
5.1.1
1
10
1
9.1
9.2
9.3
Command button
9.4
Photoelectric sensor
9.5
9.6
Piezoresistive sensor
9.7
9.8
9.9
Boiler
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
HK interiors
9.15
9.16
HK automatic door
9.17
Electric towel
9.18
WC autocleaning system
10.1