UMTS Signaling

UMTS Interfaces, Protocols, Message Flows and Procedures Analyzed and Explained
Second Edition
Ralf Kreher and Torsten Riidebusch
Both of Tektronix Berlin GmbH & Co. KG Germany

1 8 O7

WILEY
2 OO 7
BICENTEN NIAL

John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Contents
Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors 1 UMTS Basics 1.1 Standards 1.2 Network Architecture 1.2.1 GSM 1.2.2 UMTS Release 99 1.2.3 UMTS Release 4 1.2.4 UMTS Release 5 1.2.5 HSPA 1.2.6 UMTS Release 6 1.2.7 UMTS Release 7 and Beyond 1.2.8 TD-SCDMA 1.3 UMTS Interfaces 1.3.1 Iu Interface 1.3.2 Iub Interface 1.3.3 Iur Interface 1.4 UMTS Domain Architecture 1.5 UTRAN 7.5.7 RNC , 1.5.2 NodeB ' 1.5.3 Area Concept 1.5.4 UMTS User Equipment and USIM 1.5.5 Mobiles 1.5.6 QoS Architecture 1.6 UMTS Security 1.6.1 Historic Development ' 1.6.2 UMTS Security Architecture 7.6.3 Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) 7.6.4 Kasumi/Misty 7.6.5 Integrity Air Interface Integrity Mechanism xiii xvii xix 1 2 4 4 5 7 8 12 21 24 26 28 28 29 29 31 31 33 35 35 36 38 39 41 41 46 48 53 55

Contents 7.6.6 Confidentiality Encryption (Ciphering) on Uu and Iub 7.6.7 UMTS Network Transactions 1.7 Radio Interface Basics 7.7.7 Duplex Methods 7.7.2 Multiple Access Methods 7.7.5 UMTS CDMA 1.7.4 CDMA Spreading/Channelization 7.7.5 Microdiversity - Multipath (FDD and TDD) 7.7.6 Microdiversity - Softer Handover (FDD) 7.7.7 Macrodiversity - Soft Handover (FDD) 1.7.8 UMTS Spreading (FDD and TDD) 7.7.9 Scrambling 1.7.10 Coding Summary (FDD) 7.7.77 Signal to Interference (FDD) 7.7.72 Cell Breathing (FDD) 7.7.75 UMTS Channels (FDD and TDD) 7.7.74 Transport Channels (FDD and TDD) 7.7.75 Common Transport Channels (FDD and TDD) 7.7.76 Dedicated Transport Channels (FDD and TDD) 7.7.7 7 Initial UE Radio Access (FDD) 7.7.75 Power Control (FDD and TDD) 1.7.19 UE Random Access (FDD) 7.7.20 Power Control in Soft Handover (FDD) 1.8 UMTS Network Protocol Architecture 7.8.7 Iub - Control Plane 7.8.2 Iub - User Plane 1.8.3 lur - User/Control Plane 7.8.4 luCS - User/Control Plane 7.8.5 7PS - User/Control Plane 7.8.6 E-User/Control Plane 7.8.7 Gn - User/Control Plane 1.9 SIGTRAN 1.10 ATM 7.70.7 ATM Cell 7.70.2 ATM Layer Architecture . 7.70.3 ATM Adaption Layer (AAL) 7.70.4 /UL2 7.70.5 A4L5 1.11 User Plane Framing Protocol 7.77.7 Frame Architecture 1.11.2 FP Control Frame Architecture t 1.12 Medium Access Protocol (MAC) ' 7.72.7 MAC Architecture 7.72.2 MAC Data PDU 7.72.3 MAC Header Alternatives 58 63 63 64 64 65 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 69 70 72 74 74 75 76 11 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 86 87 87 89 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 95 95 96 98

Contents 1.13 Radio Link Control (RLC) 7.75.7 RLC Services 7.75.2 RLC Functions 7.75.5 RLC Architecture 7.75.4 RLC Data PDUs 7.75.5 Other RLC PDUs 1.14 Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol (SSCOP) 7.74.7 Example SSCOP 1.15 Service Specific Coordination Function (SSCF) 1.16 Message Transfer Part Level 3 - Broadband (MTP3-B) 1.17 Internet Protocol (IP) 7.77.7 IPv4 Frame Architecture 1.18 Signaling Transport Converter (STC) 1.19 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) 7.79.7 Example SCCP 1.20 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) in UMTS 7.20.7 ASN.1BER 7.20.2 ASN.1 PER 1.21 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 7.27.7 RRC States (3GPP 25.331) 7.27.2 System Information Blocks (SIBs) 1.22 Node B Application Part (NBAP) 7.22.7 NBAP Functions 7.22.2 NBAP Elementary Procedures (EPs) 7.22.5 Example-NBAP 1.23 Radio Network Subsystem Application Part (RNSAP) 7.25.7 RNSAP Functions 7.25.2 Example - RNSAP Procedures 1.24 Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) 7.24.7 RANAP Elementary Procedures (EPs) 7.24.2 Example - RANAP Procedure 1.25 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 - Layer 3 (AAL2L3/ALCAP) 7.25.7 AAL2L3 Message Format 7.25.2 Example -AAL2L3 Procedure 1.26 IU User Plane Protocol , 1.26.1 Iu UP Transparent Mode 1.26.2 Iu UP Support Mode Data Frames 1.26.3 Iu UP Support Mode Control Frames 1.26.4 Example - Iu UP Support Mode Message Flow 1.27 Adaptive Multirate (AMR) Codec 1.27.1 AMR IF1 Frame Architecture { 1.28 Terminal Adaptation Function (TAF) ' 1.29 Radio Link Protocol (RLP) 1.30 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) 7.50.7 PDCP PDU Format 98 99 100 102 103 104 104 105 106 106 107 108 108 109 110 111 111 112 112 113 118 124 124 125 126 126 126 127 128 129 131 131 131 132 134 134 134 136 136 136 138 138 139 140 140

viii 1.31 Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) 7.57.7 BMC Architecture 1.32 Circuit-Switched Mobility Management (MM) 1.33 Circuit-Switched Call Control (CC) 1.34 Example - Mobile Originated Call (Circuit Switched) 1.35 Packet-Switched Mobility Management (GMM) 1.36 Packet-Switched Session Management (SM) 1.37 Example - Activate PDP Context (Packet Switched) 2 Short Introduction to Network Monitoring, Troubleshooting, and Network Optimization 2.1 Iub Monitoring 2.7.7 IMA 2.7.2 Fractional ATM 2.7.5 Load Sharing and Addressing on Iub 2.7.4 Troubleshooting Iub Monitoring Scenarios 2.2 Iu Monitoring 2.2.7 Troubleshooting Iu Monitoring 2.3 Network Optimization and Network Troubleshooting 2.3.1 Cell-related Performance Relevant Data 2.3.2 Call-related Performance Relevant Data UMTS UTRAN Signaling Procedures 3.1 Iub - Node B Setup 5.7.7 Overview 5.7.2 Message Flow 3.2 Iub - IMSI/GPRS Attach Procedure 5.2.7 Overview 3.2.2 Message Flow 3.3 Iub CS - Mobile Originated Call 3.3.7 Overview 3.3.2 Message Flow 3.4 Iub CS - Mobile Terminated Call 5.4.7 Overview ( 3.4.2 Message Flow 3.5 Iub PS - PDP Context Activation/Deactivation 3.5.7 Overview 3.5.2 Message Flow 3.6 Iub - IMSI/GPRS Detach Procedure 3.6.7 Overview 3.6.2 Message Flow ' 3.7 RRC Measurement Procedures 5.7.7 RRC Measurement Types 3.7.2 Cell Categories

Contents 141 141 141 142 143 144 144 145

147 147 147 148 149 150 151 154 155 159 164 171 172 172 173 191 191 192 205 206 207 217 217 219 223 225 226 235 235 236 239 239 239

Contents

3.8 3.9

3.10

3.11

3.12

3.13 3.14

3.15

3.16

5.7.5 Measurement Initiation for Intrafrequency Measurement 3.7.4 Intrafrequency Measurement Events 3.7.5 Intrafrequency Measurement Report 3.7.6 Intrafrequency Measurement Modification 5.7.7 Measurement Initiation for Interfrequency Measurement 3.7.8 Further RRC Measurement Groups 3.7.9 Changing Reporting Conditions After Transition to CELL-FACH Iub - Physical Channel Reconfiguration (PDPC) 5.8.7 Message Flow Channel Type Switching 5.9.7 Overview 3.9.2 Message Flow Iub - Mobile-Originated Call with Soft Handover (Inter-Node B, Intra-RNC) 5.70.7 Overview 5.70.2 Message Flow (Figure 3.70) Iub - Softer Handover 5.77.7 Overview 5.77.2 Message Flow Iub Interfrequency Hard Handover FDD 5.72.7 Interfrequency Hard Handover Overview 5.7 2.2 FDD Interfrequency Inter-Node B Hard Handover Call Flow RRC Measurements in Compressed Mode and Typical Call Drop 3.13.1 Message Flow High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) 3.14.1 HSDPA Cell Setup 5.74.2 HSDPA Basic Call 5.74.5 Mobility Management and Handover Procedures in HSDPA 5.74.4 Troubleshooting HSDPA Calls 5.74.5 Proprietary Descriptions of HSDPA Call/Mobility Scenarios High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 5.75.7 HSUPA Cell Setup 3.15.2 HSUPA Call Scenarios 3.15.3 HSUPA Basic Call NBAP Measurements 3.16.1 NBAP Common Measurements 5.76.2 NBAP Dedicated Measurements .

240 241 244 245 247 248 249 250 251 259 259 261 ' 272 272 273 286 286 287 290 291 292 296 296 301 302 304 310 318 320 323 324 325 328 330 331 334 339 340 343 349 352 353 356

TDD (TD-SCDMA) Iub Signaling Procedures 4.1 TD-SCDMA Radio Interface Structure and Radio Resource Allocation 4.7.7 TD-SCDMA Mobile Originated Speech Call Setup 4.7.2 RRC Measurements in TD-SCDMA Radio Mode 4.7.5 Intra-Cell Interfrequency Handover in TD-SCDMA 4.7.4 Inter-Cell Interfrequency Handover 4.7.5 Multi-Service Call CS/PS with Inter-Node B Handover

Contents

Iu and Iur Signaling Procedures 5.1 Iub-Iu - Location Update 5.7.7 Message Flow 5.2 Iub-Iu - Mobile-Originated Call 5.2.7 Overview 5.2.2 Message Flow 5.3 Iub-Iu - Mobile-Terminated Call 5.5.7 Overview 5.3.2 Message Flow 5.4 Iub-Iu - Attach 5.4.7 Overview 5.4.2 Message Flow 5.5 Iub-Iu - PDPC Activation/Deactivation 5.5.7 Overview 5.5.2 Message Flow 5.6 Streaming PS Service and Secondary PDP Context 5.6.7 Message Flow 5.7 Iub-Iu - Detach 5.7.7 Overview 5.7.2 Message Flow 5.8 Iub-Iur - Soft Handover (Inter-Node B, Inter-RNC) 5.8.7 Overview 5.8.2 Message Flow 5.9 Iub-Iu - RRC Re-Establishment (Inter-Node B, Inter-RNC) 5.9.7 Overview 5.9.2 Message Flow 5.10 SRNS Relocation (UE not Involved) 5.70.7 Overview 5.70.2 Message Flow 5.11 SRNS Relocation (UE Involved) 5.77.7 Overview 5.77.2 Message Flow 5.12 Short Message Service (SMS) in UMTS Networks 5.12.1 SMS Network Architecture Overview 5.12.2 SMS Protocol Architecture ' 5.72.5 Mobile-Originated Short Message 5.12.4 Mobile-Terminated Short Message Signaling Procedures in the 3G Core Network 6.1 ISUP/BICC Call Setup 6.7.7 Address Parameters for ISUP/BIQC Messages 6.7.2 ISUP Call (Successful) 6.7.5 ISUP Call (Unsuccessful) 6.1.4 BICC Call Setup on E Interface Including IuCS Signaling 6.2 Gn Interface Signaling 6.2.7 PDF Context Creation on Gn (GTP-C and GTP-U)

363 363 364 370 370 372 378 378 379 384 384 385 387 387 388 394 395 398 398 399 401 401 402 412 412 A\A 419 420 421 426 427 429 437 ATI 438 439 446 453 453 454 454 455 458 462 464

Contents

xi

6.2.2 GTP-C Location Management 6.2.3 GTP-C Mobility Management 6.2.4 SGSN Relocation 6.2.5 Example GTP 6.3 Procedures on the Gs Interface 6.5.7 Location Update via Gs 6.3.2 Detach Indication via Gs 6.3.3 Paging via Gs 6.4 Signaling on Interfaces Toward HLR 6.4.7 Addressing on MAP Interfaces 6.4.2 MAP Architecture 6.4.3 MAP Signaling Example 6.5 Inter-3GJVISC Handover Procedure 6.5.7 Inter-3G-MSC Handover Overview 6.5.2 lnter-3GMSC Handover Call Flow 6.6 Inter-3G-2G-3GJVISC Handover Procedure 6.6.7 Inter-3G-2GMSC Handover/Relocation Overview (Figure 6.42) 6.6.2 Inter-3G-2GMSC Handover Call Flow 6.6.3 Inter-3G-2GMSC Handover Messages on E Interface 6.6.4 Inter-2G-3GMSC Handover/Relocation Overview 6.6.5 lnter-2G-3GMSC Subsequent Handover Messages on the E Interface 6.6.6 2G-3G CS Inter-RAT Handover on IuCS and Iub Interface 6.6.7 PS Inter-RAT Mobility 6.7 Customized Application for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) 6.7.7 IN/CAMEL Network Architecture 6.7.2 CAMEL Basic Call State Model 6.7.3 Charging Operation Using CAMEL 6.7.4 CAMEL Signaling Example for GPRS Charging 6.8 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 6.8.7 IMS PDP Context Activation Basics 6.8.2 IMS UE-UE Call Basics Glossary Bibliography Index i

465 465 A61 467 469 469 470 470 470 All 473 475 477 480 482 486 489 490 494 495 500 501 506 509 510 511 512 513 517 517 518 521 537 541