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International Journal of Neuroscience
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SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN RELATIONS OF BLOOD GROWTH HORMONELEVELS TO BODY AND BRAIN WEIGHTS IN NEWBORN RATS
Derya Deniz Elalmis
a
; Uner Tan
ba
 Medical School, Department of Physiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
b
 Faculty of Sciences,Department of Physics, Cukurova University, Adana, TurkeyOnline Publication Date: 01 December 2007
To cite this Article
 Elalmis, Derya Deniz and Tan, Uner(2007)'SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN RELATIONS OF BLOOD GROWTH-HORMONE LEVELS TO BODY AND BRAIN WEIGHTS IN NEWBORN RATS',International Journal of Neuroscience,117:12,1747 —1755
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10.1080/00207450701592964
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Intern. J. Neuroscience 
, 117:1747–1755, 2007Copyright
 C
2007 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.ISSN: 0020-7454 / 1543-5245 onlineDOI: 10.1080/00207450701592964
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN RELATIONS OF BLOODGROWTH-HORMONE LEVELS TO BODY ANDBRAIN WEIGHTS IN NEWBORN RATS
DERYA DENIZ ELALMIS
Erciyes UniversityMedical School, Department of PhysiologyKayseri, Turkey
UNER TAN
Cukurova UniversityFaculty of Sciences, Department of PhysicsAdana, Turkey
The growth promoting effects of growth hormone (GH) are well-known. How-ever, the studies in this respect did not consider the sexual dimorphism. Theadverse—growth limiting—GH effects were also reported in human newborns (seeTan, 1992, 1995; Tan et al., 1998). A similar study was replicated in the newbornrat pups in the present work. The serum GH level, body weight, body height, right-andleft-brainweightsweremeasuredjustafterbirthinratpups.Therelationsoftheserum GH levels to the bodily measurements were found to be sexually dimorphic.Namely, there were no significant correlations between the serum GH levels andthe body size (weight and height) in males, whereas there were inverse relationsbetween these parameters in females. The GH level negatively linearly related tothe right-, left-, and right- minus left-brain weights in females, whereas only theright-brain weight positively linearly correlated with the serum GH level, the right-minus left-brain weight being also positively linearly correlated with the serum GHlevel in males. The results suggested that the sexual dimorphism should be takeninto consideration in studies concerning the global GH effects. The relation of theReceived 14 April 2007.Address correspondence to Prof. Dr. Uner Tan, Cukurova University, Faculty of Sciences,Department of Physics, 01330 Adana, Turkey. E-mail: unertan37@yahoo.com
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1748 D. D. ELALMIS AND U. TAN
serum GH level to the right-left brain asymmetry, also sexually dimorphic, suggestsa role of GH in cerebral lateralization.
Keywords
 body size, brain, female, growth hormone, male, rat
INTRODUCTION
Theroleofgrowthhormone(GH)inontogenyhasbeenonlypartiallyexplained.The GH dogma was that it has no role in fetal growth and development, basedon clinical studies. However, the GH receptors were found in prenatal mouse,human, and cow during fetal development (e.g., Garcia-Aragon et al., 1992;Hill et al., 1992). Accordingly, Tan (1992) has first provided evidence that GHmay affect the human central nervous system during prenatal development.Interestingly,contrarytotheGHdogma,thegrasp-reflexstrengthfromtherightand left hands showed an inverse correlation with the umbilical hGH taken justafter the birth in female babies. In males, there was a direct correlation betweenthese variables as expected from the GH dogma.Because of the inverse effects of the hGH on the primitive spinal reflexactivity found in female neonates, the possible associations of the hGH withthe bodily measurements were re-studied in human neonates (see Tan, 1995).In contrast to the expected growth promoting GH effects, there was an inversecorrelation between the serum GH concentrations and the head circumferencein the male and female human neonates, suggesting a rate limiting effects of the hGH on brain development. There was a sexual dimorphism concerningthe body weight: the inverse relationship between these two variables wassignificant only for females, not for males.To test a possible replication, the umbilical hGH in relation to bodilymeasurements (height, weight, head circumference) was restudied, in relationto T3 and free testosterone hormones in human neonates (see Tan et al., 1998).Interestingly enough, the blood hGH concentration was found to be inverselyrelated to the neonatal height, weight, and head circumference, however, onlyin females, not males, suggesting a sexual dimorphism in GH effects duringprenatal development.The sexual dimorphism in the control of GH secretion and GH levels werepreviously reported (Jansson et al., 1985; Geary et al., 2003), but not withregard to its effects on brain and body development. GH was detected in rodentbrain as early as d 10 after gestation before its appearance in the fetal pituitary(Hojvat et al., 1982). Consistent with the growth promoting effects of the GHon fetal brain, the GHRH receptor-deficient little mouse exhibit small brainand retarded neuronal growth (Noguchi, 1996). Furthermore, transgenic mice
 D o w nl o ad ed  B y : [ T B T A K  E K U A L]  A t : 07 :11 13  A p ril 2009

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