Python Workbook v1 0 en

Developer Training
Python
Workbook
BO-EN-Python-20080613.pdf
Python
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About This Course

Course Description
This course introduces object-oriented programming language Python.
Audience
The readers of this document are Python developers who want to use Python in the S60 platform. This is not a generic Python course, so, for example, Python use in unit testing is not covered.
Student Prerequisites
Before attending this course, students must have: Object-oriented programming experience with some programming language (C++, Java); Helpful: generic Symbian and S60 knowledge.
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students will be able to do the following: Write Python programs; Deploy and test programs; Use Python S60 APIs.
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Document Conventions
The following conventions are used in course materials to distinguish elements of the text.
Convention Courier10 BT | [ ] ... { } // // // /* ... */ 
Use
Represents code samples or examples of screen text. Separates an either/or choice in syntax statements. Encloses optional items in syntax statements. Type only the information within the brackets, not the brackets themselves. Represents an omitted portion of code sample. Encloses required items in syntax statements. Type only the information within the brackets, not the brackets themselves. Distinguishes short comments in C++ and Java programming code. Distinguishes long comments in C++ and Java programming code. Distinguishes long comments in C, C++ and Java programming code. Distinguishes comments in HTML, WAP & XHTML programming code.
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Developer Training
Python
Contents
Introduction ............................................................12
What is Python?..............................................................................................................13 Why Python?.....................................................................................................................14 Design tradeoffs..............................................................................................................15 Growing user base........................................................................................................16 Common Use Cases for Python..........................................................................17 Development environment..................................................................................18 Interactive prompt.......................................................................................................19 Hello world..........................................................................................................................20
Python on S60 .........................................................21
S60 Python (PyS60) consists of..........................................................................22 Deployment of Python programs (1/2)......................................................23 Deployment of Python programs (2/2)......................................................24 S60 Python compatibility.......................................................................................25 Active object Framework (1/2).......................................................................26 Active object Framework (2/2).......................................................................27 Application Framework...........................................................................................28 S60 screen components in Python.................................................................29 Forms ......................................................................................................................................30 Listboxes...............................................................................................................................31 Dialogs....................................................................................................................................32 Text............................................................................................................................................33 Canvas (1/2) .......................................................................................................................34 Canvas (2/2) .......................................................................................................................35
Programming Basics .............................................36
Standard types.................................................................................................................37 Strings.....................................................................................................................................38 Indexing and slicing....................................................................................................39 Lists............................................................................................................................................40 Tuples......................................................................................................................................41 Dictionaries.........................................................................................................................42 Control flow........................................................................................................................43 For loop..................................................................................................................................44 if-then-else..........................................................................................................................45 Functions..............................................................................................................................46 Object model.....................................................................................................................47 Classes 101..........................................................................................................................48 Modules.................................................................................................................................49 File manipulation..........................................................................................................50 Files and directories.....................................................................................................51 Standard library miscellanea...............................................................................52 Other useful functionality.......................................................................................53
Python
Zen of Python....................................................................................................................54 Documenting code ......................................................................................................55 Unit testing..........................................................................................................................56 Exception handling......................................................................................................57 Reserved Keywords .....................................................................................................58
Python S60 Modules.............................................. 59
Camera Module...............................................................................................................60 Audio Module....................................................................................................................61 Databases.............................................................................................................................62 Databases - Contacts ...................................................................................................63 Databases - Calendar...................................................................................................64 Other modules 1/2.......................................................................................................65 Other modules 2/2.......................................................................................................66
Python Sockets ....................................................... 67
Socket programming 1/4.......................................................................................68 Socket programming 2/4.......................................................................................69 Sockets: Bluetooth 3/4..............................................................................................70 Sockets 4/4..........................................................................................................................71
Course summary .................................................... 72 Thank you. ............................................................... 73
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11
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Introduction
12
Python
What is Python?
Python is a general purpose programming language optimized for rapid application prototyping. Because it is interpreted during execution, it is not as fast as compiled languages such as C++.
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Why Python?
The number of Python users is growing. It is portable and extensible, it integrates well with native C++ environments, it has large standard library with ready made functions, and still it is easy to learn and use. SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) allows a developer to wrap C/C++ functions for use with scripting languages, such as Python. BoostPython is a C++ library which enables seamless interoperability between C++ and the Python programming language.
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Design tradeoffs
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Growing user base
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Python
Common Use Cases for Python
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Python
Development environment
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Interactive prompt
Running bt_console is easy from S60 and is recommend way to test out functions. Do not use it for lengthy programs that might crash the console since all your data is lost if console raises exception Another way of stepping through the code is pdb.py (Python debugger supplied with python S60 package).
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Hello world
Lets see if the environment has been set up correctly by creating helloworld program and running it on both PC and S60. All PCs need a bluetooth module (eighter built-in or dongle) that is used for connecting PC to Mobile phone.
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Python on S60
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S60 Python (PyS60) consists of
When developing python scripts they are run under the execution environment, but it is possible to create stand-alone python scripts using py2sis utility program to make symbian installation files (.SIS) that have a generated application executable which enables users to start python scripts without explicitly starting the execution environment. This way Python scripts appear to users like any other application in the system and the user is unaware that the implementation was made with Python. Python installer will allow .py modules to be installed as runnable scripts or as libraries that can be imported for use of other scripts.
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Deployment of Python programs (1/2)
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Python
Deployment of Python programs (2/2)
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S60 Python compatibility
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Active object Framework (1/2)
Consult S60 SDK documentation on how active objects and the active framework works on Symbian.
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Active object Framework (2/2)
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Application Framework
If you want to create a non application framework python scripts (servers) you can call e32.start_server at the start of your program.
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S60 screen components in Python
Above image is normal view of S60 applications. Python supports three different view types for applications: normal, large and full screen. To set another view type, programmer can set appuifw.app.screensize = normal ; large ; full Please note that the application icon cannot be set from Python. Only the Py2sis utility allows you to do this.
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Forms
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Listboxes
To load icons you need to use Icon class that can read Symbian multibitmap format (.MBM). Check the python API reference to see how to do this.
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Dialogs
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Python
Text
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Python
Canvas (1/2)
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Python
Canvas (2/2)
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Python
Programming Basics
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Python
Standard types
Arbitary size integers is a speciality of Python. E.g. in C++ the int is limited to current machine word of your environment (32bit in ARM). In Python the following initialization is allowed and perfectly valid but would overflow in many other programming environments fiveBillion = 5*10**9 oneMillion = 1*10**6 print fiveBillion *oneMillion Division operation on integer depends on the Python version. Check the documentation to see wheter you should use / - operator or // - operator.
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Strings
Multiline spanning is widely used when commenting code. See extra slides about commenting and documenting conventions with Python.
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Indexing and slicing
Slicing and indexing is a very powerful tool when extracting data out of strings, though strings are not the only data type that supports it; slice can be used to extract data out from any kind of list like structure (string/list/tuple). For more powerful string handling look up Regular Expression module from the documentation.
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Lists
The difference between append and extend might not be clear at first. Consider the following example: myList = [1,2,3] myList.append([4,5]) #appends a single element myList.extend([6,7]) #extends with elements print myList [1, 2, 3, [4, 5], 6, 7]
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Tuples
Examples of structure: #simple tuple containing 4 members a = (1,2,3,4) print a (1,2,3,4) # tuple containing tuple a and a string hello b = (a,hello) print b ((1,2,3,4),hello) #tuple containing two arrays c = ([1,2],[3,4]) print c[1] (3,4) #unpacking a tuple d,e = c print d [1,2] # tuples are immutable hence trying to assign to it c[1] = 5 # creates runtime error
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Dictionaries
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Control flow
Python does not use braces to create a block scope, instead Python uses indentation to create a code block. Indentation is normally done with whitespaces and you should set your editor to insert spaces instead of TAB delimitters to ensure portability of your code. Indentation is four spaces to create a new code block. It has been widely argued whether this is a good or bad desicion, use it for a while and you will not even notice the missing braces. Note that no delimitter is required to end command, for example ,no ; at the end of line. Python command sequences end in whitespace or in explicit delimitter of ;. Commands expanding to multiple lines end with newline char.
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For loop
How to read for loops in Python: for every element in the list do the following lines for fruit in fruits: print is + fruit + ripe?
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if-then-else
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Functions
Here you see the problem of late binding, since the functions can take any type of object as a parameter the environment cannot do type checking until the command is being executed. Only way environment can handle such situations is to raise TypeError exception. Object model and late binding is discussed in the following slides.
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Object model
Python is a full object language - even the built-in types are objects and what programmer sees are instances of these objects. #Easy example to prove that integer is truely an object dir(1) # will output all the functions of integer object type
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Classes 101
def __init__(self) Defines the constructor for class. Unlike C++ you cannot overload constructor definitions. Only single definition can be defined. def __call__(self) Makes this a callable object, if the object has been constructed and user calls the Function operator again it will lead to calling of this function. There are various useful standard functions to be implemented for a class. One very nice is the string representation of the class: def __str__(self): return this is how I like to be printed out
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Modules
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File manipulation
50
Python
Files and directories
51
Python
Standard library miscellanea
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Python
Other useful functionality
Iterators and generators seem like a complex idea but provide an easy solution for doing loops and avoiding return values being lost into void. Example: def fruitsInFreeze(): fruits = ['apple','orange','banana'] for f in fruits: yield f for fruit in fruitsinFreeze(): print fruit apple orange banana
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Zen of Python
54
Python
Documenting code
55
Python
Unit testing
56
Python
Exception handling
57
Python
Reserved Keywords
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Python S60 Modules
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Camera Module
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Python
Audio Module
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Databases
e32dbm databases deliver the promise of working in the same way as regular DBM Python modules. You can even load anydbm in S60, and the e32 backend is automatically selected. e32dbm is based on e32db, a SQL-based mini storage system supplied by Symbian OS. You can use either, depending on which semantic (DBM or SQL) is more convenient for you.
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Databases - Contacts
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Databases - Calendar
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Other modules 1/2
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Other modules 2/2
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Python Sockets
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Socket programming 1/4
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Socket programming 2/4
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Sockets: Bluetooth 3/4
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Sockets 4/4
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Course summary
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Thank you.
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Lab XXXXX.cb1
Introduction
Title: Overview: HelloWorld In the lab, the classic HelloWorld program is written in Python. More importantly, students learn how to run Python programs in the S60 emulator and device. To learn how to: Compatible SDK(s): Starter Code Provided: Estimated Time To Complete: Edit and write Python programs Run programs in the S60 emulator Run programs in the S60 device
Objectives:
Nokia C++ S60 3rd Edition, Feature Pack 2 SDK No 30 minutes Solution Code Provided: Yes
Lab Instructions
Exercise 1 Preliminary steps Task 1.1 Checks
1. 2. Write Python script, which prints HelloWorldon the screen using any available editor. Copy the script to the C:\python folder (<Symbian installation folder>\epoc32\winscw\c\python). If you do not know the path of the Symbian installation folder, open a command prompt and type devices. After that, type in devices info@<default device id>. For example, below the installation path is the same as root, i.e., C:\S60\devices\s60_3rd_fp2_SDK. Note that this course assumes you are using the S60 3rd Edition SDK and Python S60 SDK 1.4.3. Go to http://sourceforge.net for a list of the available Python SDKs and their compatibility with S60 SDKs.
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Task 1.2 Running in the emulator

1. Launch your emulator either from the Start menu or in the command prompt by typing epoc. Launch the Python interpreter from Installations.
2.
After starting Python script shell, open the application menu using the left softkey and execute Run script. Select your HelloWorld to be executed. The solution folder also contains a GUI version of HelloWorld, which will be studied later.
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Task 1.3 Running in the device

1. If you are using S60 3rd Edition, you can use Ensymble developer utilities to create and sign a .SIS file (Symbian Installation System). The .SIS package allows you to install the Python script file to a mobile device. For details on how to create a .SIS package, go to www.nbl.fi. If you are using S60 2nd Edition, create a .SIS installation package with the py2sis tool, which is part of the Python SDK. The tool creates a standalone Python application that can be executed in the device like a native application. Read the *readme*.txt files for help; they are located in epoc32\tools\py2sis folder. Transfer and install the created .SIS package to your mobile device. Execute your script in the phone.
2.
3. 4.
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Lab XXXXX.cb12
Introduction
Title: Overview: Objectives: Phonebook application This lab is our first GUI Python program. In addition, some S60 Python module APIs are used. To learn how to: Compatible SDK(s): Starter Code Provided: Estimated Time To Complete: Use the S60 application framework Use S60 Python module APIs
Nokia C++ S60 3rd Edition No 45 minutes Solution Code Provided: Yes
Lab Instructions
Exercise 2 Phonebook application Task 2.1 S60 application framework
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The solution folder contains UiTest.py script, which shows examples of how to use S60 GUI controls. Refer to this folder for guidance, if needed. Import the application framework and e32 modules to your program. Yield execution to any outstanding active objects. Lock the AO scheduling. Define a menu. You may have for example: a. b. c. 6. 7. Dial functionality; SMS functionality; About functionality.
At this point, define the empty functions for your menu. Define a listbox, which shows a list of names. Define also the list yourself. d. You need a listbox observer for listbox. Use any function as an observer. The function does not have to do anything so you may implement is by writing just pass in function defitnion.
8. 9.
Add the listbox to your UI framework. Store the previous application title and define a new title. In the same way, store the previous exit handler and replace that with a new one.
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e. f.
In the new exit handler, restore the old exit handler and application title; Call signal() for the AO lock.
10. Call wait() for the AO lock. 11. Run and test. You cannot send messages or make phone calls yet.
Task 2.2 Calling module APIs

1. Now implement Dial, SMS, and About functionality: a. b. c. 2. Dial: Call dial() in the telephone. The number is the current list box number. SMS: Query the message content from the user. Send the message to the current listbox number. About: Print the information data or your application.
Test your program.
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Lab XXXXX.cb13
Introduction
Title: Overview: Objectives: Word guessing game The game implemented in this exercise introduces basic Python programming issues; there is no emphasis on GUI yet. To learn how to: Compatible SDK(s): Starter Code Provided: Estimated Time To Complete: Use Python types Use Python programming structures Use modules and types from modules
Nokia C++ S60 3rd Edition No 45 minutes Solution Code Provided: Yes
Lab Instructions
Exercise 3 Game implementation Task 3.1 Modules, types, programming structures
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Import Random from the random module. Define an empty list of words, which a player tries to guess. In the main function, occupy the word list with some elements (strings). Select a random word to be the solution. Define a hint string that is shown to the user. Initially, it can show the first character of the solution. Define a loop, where as long as the solution length has not been exceeded, the following will occur: g. h. i. j. A hint is printed; The player inputs a guess character; The correctness of the guess is checked. Before the check, the guess is converted to lowercase characters. If the answer is incorrect, the next hint character is provided.
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Task 3.2 Running

1. Run and test your script.
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Lab XXXXX.cb1
Introduction
Title: Overview: Objectives: Bluetooth sockets More complicated functionality will be added to the exercise. To learn how to: Compatible SDK(s): Starter Code Provided: Estimated Time To Complete: Use S60 sockets Use Bluetooth sockets
Nokia C++ S60 3rd Edition SDK No 45 minutes Solution Code Provided: Yes
Lab Instructions
Exercise 4 Bluetooth sockets Task 4.1 Sockets programming
1. 2. 3. Use the UI framework skeleton from the previous exercise. You need four functions: connect(), recv(), send(), and close(). Connect() a. b. c. d. e. f. 4. Recv() g. 5. Send() h. i. 6. Close() j. k. Close the socket. Close the application.
Create a streaming BT socket. Use the device and service discovery protocol to find devices and services. Print out information about found devices and services. If any services are found, create a choicelist. Sort the services and create a popup menu, where you show the sorted list of available services. Define the host to be the device selected by the user. Try to connect to the selected device (and service).
Just pass.
Print the message that the data is sent. Send the data to the socket.
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Python
7.
Run and test. Start the Bluetooth service in your PC and use HyperTerminal to connect to the Bluetooth COM port. Start the Python program in your mobile device and browse the PC device.
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Developer Training

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About This Course

Convention Courier10 BT | [ ] ... { } // // // /* ... */

Python on S60 .........................................................21

Programming Basics .............................................36

Python S60 Modules.............................................. 59

Python Sockets ....................................................... 67

Course summary .................................................... 72 Thank you. ............................................................... 73

Growing user base

Common Use Cases for Python

S60 Python (PyS60) consists of

Deployment of Python programs (1/2)

Deployment of Python programs (2/2)

S60 Python compatibility

Active object Framework (1/2)

Active object Framework (2/2)

S60 screen components in Python

Indexing and slicing

Files and directories

Standard library miscellanea

Other useful functionality

Python S60 Modules

Other modules 1/2

Other modules 2/2

Socket programming 1/4

Socket programming 2/4

Sockets: Bluetooth 3/4

Task 1.2 Running in the emulator

Task 1.3 Running in the device

Task 2.2 Calling module APIs

Test your program.

Task 3.2 Running

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