Geo Textile

Technical Textile
Technical textile is a textile product manufactured for nonaesthetic purposes, where function is the primary criterion. The term 'technical textiles' was coined in the 1980s to describe the growing variety of products. The term "technical textiles" refers to textile preliminary or semi-finished products which are not used for normal clothing or home living.

Geotextile
Textile material used in building such structure as roads, dams & in erosion control to stabilize, protect or reinforce the structures generally termed as geotextile. Geotextiles are mostly known as geosynthetics. The application area includes: Civil engineering Earth & road construction Dam engineering Soil sealing & drainage system.

Basic functions of geotextile:

Geotextile has the following basic functions: o Separation o Stabilization o Filtaration o Reinforcement

Application categories
GEOSYNTHETICS application

ENV.PROTECTION

INFRASTRUCTURE ROADS RAILWAYS GROUND IMPROVEMENT

LANDFILL ENGINEERING COASTAL PROTECTION

ROCKFALL PROTECTION
CANAL LINING

FLOOD CONTROL

Types of geotextiles
In general, the vast majority of geotextiles are made from polypropylene or polyester formed into fabrics as follows:
Woven monofilament Woven multifilament Nonwoven continuous filament heat bonded Nonwoven continuous filament needle-punched Nonwoven staple needle-punched Nonwoven resin bonded Other woven and nonwoven combinations

Knitted

Geosynthetic products include the following items:

Geogrids Geonets Geotextiles Geomembranes Geosynthetic Clay Liners Geopipe Geocomposites

Geosynthetics products at a glance

Geogrids
(Uniaxial &Biaxial)

Geotextiles
Nonwoven

Woven

Geonet

Geosynthetic Clay Liners Geomembranes

Important Characteristics of Geotextiles

Physical properties: specific gravity weight thickness stiffness density etc. Mechanical properties : a) tenacity b) tensile strength c) Drapability d) flexibility e) fictional resistance etc.

Important Characteristic Properties of Geotextiles

Hydraulic properties: a) porosity b) permeability c) permittivity d) transitivity e) filtration l etc.

Fibres used in geotextile

Both natural & manmade fibres are used for the production of Geotextiles. Natural fibres: Cotton Flax Jute Ramie Manmade fibres: Polypropylene Polyester Polyethylene PVC Polyamide

Separation
Construction across soft soils creates a dilemma for the engineer. Traditionally, the following options may be considered: Bypass the area. Remove and replace the soil. Build directly on the soft soil. Stabilize mechanically or with an admixture.

Separation in practice

Geotextile - Separator (Thane, Mumbai)

Filtration
In filtration fabrics can be either woven or non-woven, to permit the passage of water while retaining soil particles. Application helps the replacement of graded aggregate filters by a geotextiles warping. Some applications of filtration are as follows: Beneath stone base for unpaved and paved of roads, rail roads, airfields. To filter hydraulic fills. As a flexible form for restoring underground mine integrity

Filtration in practice

Filter - Woven geotextiles

Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project

Reinforcement
Reinforcement types of geotextiles are used to form the foundation and reduce the level of stress in the soil by spreading and evening out the stresses. Stability of dams and embankment can be increased with their property of reinforcement.

Reinforcement in practice

Reinforcement, Vishakapatnam Airport, Andhra Pradesh

Road construction
The construction sequence of road using geo-textile Prepare the Site Lay the Fabric i.e. geo-fabric Lay the Base. Spread the aggregate Compact the aggregate

Road construction sequence

Road construction in practice

Geotextile Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM, Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project

Foundation Drainage
The typical drainage system used in residential foundation construction is a combination of PVC pipes. Thus small soil particles can migrate into the drainage path & reduce the capacity of the system.

Ground Improvement

Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat

Foundation Drainage
FX-200 Sheet Drains offer a modern, cost-effective drainage alternative. They replace aggregate backfill in many drainage applications. FX-200 reduces hydrostatic pressure and conveys ground water away from structure.

Bridge construction
One solution to constructing bridge abutments is a geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) system. A GRS system is a soil mass reinforced with layers of geotextiles.

Bridge construction

Geotextiles use in bridge construction at Bellary, Karnataka)

Geo textile in military operation

Erosion Control
Erosion control products are designed to control erosion and cover a diverse range of products includeing nets, meshes, mats, blankets etc according to short ,medium and long term.

Erosion Control
In order to control the process of erosion, geotextiles must have following properties: Reduce rain drop impact Intercept rainfall and run off Reduce wind and run off velocities Store water/water holding capacity

Agricultural Applications for Geotextile

The original development of geotextiles focused largely on nonagricultural uses However, there are many related agricultural applications, including: lanes to pasture paddocks, feedlots, and barnyards; livestock watering areas; driveways for farmsteads and other farm roads; drainage ditch and stream crossing areas; subsurface drainage tubing connections;

Consequence of not using geotextile

While using geotextile

Technique of using geotextile

Wrong way !!!

Technique of using geotextile

Right way

Other applications
Land Reclamation From Sea/Desert Cropland/Hydroponics/Roof Top Planting/Orchid Production/Floriculture Etc. Irrigation liner As a Protection of Earthquake As Temporary Irrigation Dam Protection of Tea Garden(as sunscreen)

Summing up
The spectrum of fiber utilization has grown to include from conventional ropes to industrial belts in two or three dimensional sophisticated structure. So geotextiles are growing so faster to protect us.

References
http://cpr.ca.gov/CPR_Report/Issues_and_Recommendations/Ch apter_4_Infrastructure/INF02.html www.google.com www.answer.com www.usfabricsinc.com www.engr.utk.edu http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering http://en.wikipedia.org