CSC 413/513 Computer Graphics Homework 1 (100 pts)

Assigned: 01/24/2012 Due Date: 01/31/2012

(Attention: In your solution, do not change the original layout or delete any contents in this file. However, it is fine to add empty lines, when necessary.) 1.

(10 pts) The pipeline approach to image generation is nonphysical. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of such a nonphysical approach? A) The main advantage of such nonphysical operation is that the objects in the images are processed in the order they are generated. We can also process the image in parallel operations which has various advantage like reduced memory usage, faster processing. Through this approach all steps can be implemented in the hardware of the graphics card relieving the processor from this burden. The disadvantage with this approach is that it can consider only local lighting.

(20 pts) Consider the clipping of a line segment in two dimensions against a rectangular clipping window. Show that you require only the endpoints of the line segment to determine whether the line segment is not clipped at all, partially visible or clipped out completely. A) Two point distance formula:
2.

Given the two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in 2-dimensional plane (which are end nothing but end points of a line segment), the distance between these points is given by the formula:

Hered is nothing but the length of the line segment. Therefore by comparing the length of the line and the length or breadth of the clipping window we can determine whether the line segment is not clipped at all, partially visible or clipped out completely.
3.

(20 pts) Consider the perspective views of the cube shown below (also in lecture slides). The one on the left is called a one-point perspective because parallel lines in one direction of the cube along the sides of the top converge to a vanishing point in the image. In contrast, the image on the right is a two-point perspective. Characterize the particular relationship between the viewer, or a simple camera, and the cube that determines why one is a two-point perspective whereas the other a one-point perspective.

A) The perspective of the simple camera towards the cube is characterized by the planes

that can be viewed from it. In the first figure only one plane is visible (denoted by the shaded region) where as in the second figure two planes are visible (denoted using different shades for each plane) which defines a particular relation between the viewer (Camera) and the object (Cube). These relations were particularly stressed in Classical viewing techniques.
4.

(15 pts) The memory in a frame buffer must be fast enough to allow the display to be refreshed at a rate sufficiently high to avoid flicker. A typical workstation display can have a resolution of 1280 by 1024 pixels. If it is refreshed 72 times per second, how fast must the memory be? That is, how much time can we take to read one pixel from memory? What is this number for a 480 by 640 display that operates at 60 Hz? The speed of the memory is: Memory speed = No. of pixels * Refresh rate. = 1280*1024*72 = 94371840 pixels/sec. =9.43Megapixels/Sec Therefore the time taken to read one pixel is: =1/94371840 sec. =0.106 microseconds. Now for 480*640 at 60 Hz refresh rate = 480*640*60 = 18508800pixels/sec. =1.85Megapixels/Sec Therefore the time taken to read one pixel is: =1/18508800 sec. =0.54 microseconds.

A)

5.

(15 pts) Movies are generally produced on 35 mm film that has a resolution of approximately 2000 by 3000 pixels. What implication does this resolution have for producing animated images for television as compared with film? Hint: You need to assume the televisions resolution. A) The best and widely popular resolution present in todays market is of the High Definition Television (HDTV) is 1080p (1920*1080 progressive scan) [Wikipedia]. Well lot other televisions in the market have a lot lower resolution making HDTV a high end model in the present technology trend. As one can observe the resolution of HDTV is quiet low when compared to that of 35mm film. Hence the animators have to compromise in the level of detail, clarity, object definition, color levels and other factors that depend on resolution in producing animated images for television. (20 pts) In a typical shadow-mask CRT, if we want to have a smooth display, the width of a pixel must be about three times the width of a triad. Assume that a monitor displays 1280 by 1024 pixels, has a CRT diameter of 50 cm, and has a CRT depth of 25 cm. Estimate the spacing between holes in the shadow mask. Hint: You need to assume the position of the shadow mask. A) Total area =3.1424*radius^2 =3.1428*0.25m^2 =0.1963m^2 Area occupied by 1280*1024 pixels is =0.1963m^2 Therefore area occupied by 1 pixel is = 0.1963/(1280*1024) =0.149 mm^2 Each pixel has 3 triads. So the area of one triad is =0.149/3 =0.05mm^2 Assuming the shadow mask to cover the CRT such that one to one relationship between spacing between triad and the spacing between holes in the shadow mask and that Each hole in shadow mask is used to direct a color beam to a particular colored phosphor, The spacing between holes is = 0.05mm

6.