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(Law Giver)

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(iv)

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(Law)

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(Al-Fiqh)

(Law)

(Law) Fiqh
(Science of Islamic Laws)
(Jurisprudence)

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(Canon)

(Canon) (Law)

(Western Concept of Law)

(Islamic Concept of Law)

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(Comparative study of Islamic & Western Law)

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(Western Concept of Law)

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(St.

Thomas)

"Law is an ordinance of reason for the common

good promulga ted by him who has c are of the
community ."(1)

(Thomas)

"The la ws is a regulat ion in ac cor da nc e wit h
reas on pr omulga ted by t he hea d of community

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for the sake of the common welfare."(1)

"The laws are the moral norms of action, binding

in c ons c ienc e s et up for a s elf-g ov er ning
community ."(2)

(Richard Hooker)

"That whic h r ea son in s uc h sor t defines to be

good that it must be done." (3)

(Immanuel Kant)

"La w is t he sum-tota l of the conditions under

which t he per sona l wishes of one ma n ca n be

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reconciled with the per sonal wishes of another
ma n, in a c c or da nc e wit h a g ener al la w of
freedom." (1)

(Savigny)

"The r ule whereby t he invisible border -line is

fixed within which the being and the activity of
ea c h indiv idua l obt a ins a s ec ur e a nd fr ee
space."(2)

(Savigny) (Kant)

(Savigny)
(1)

Robson W.A. Civilization and the Growth of Law, p-3.

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Friedrich Engels

(Black Stone)

"A rule of action applied indisc riminat ely t o all

kind of a ct ion whet her a nima te or ina nima te
rational or irrational."(1)

"La w is a r ule of act ion which is prescr ibed by

some superior and which the inferior is bound to
obey."(2)

(Savigny) (Kant)

(1) Catholic Encyclopaedia, "Law " Vol.IX, p-53.
(2) Ibid., R.W. & A.J.Car lyle, A Histor y of Medievel Political
Theor y in the West, Vol.V, Ch.4.
(3) Robson, W.A.Civilization and the Gr ow th of Law , p-4.

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(John Austin)

" A r ule la id down for t he g uida nc e of a n

intellig ent being by a nother intellig ent being
having power over him." (1)

(Holland)

"The laws are proportions commanding the doing

of or abstention from certain classes of action,
disobedience which is followed by some sort of
penalty or inconvenience."(2)

(Austin)
(Holland)

"Law is formulated and armed public opinion, or

the opinion of the ruling body."(1)

(1) Robson, W.A.Civilization and the Growth of Law, p-4.
(2) Robson, W.A.C ivilizat ion and the Grow th of La w, p-5.

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(Sir

Fedrick Polloc)

"As a rule of conduct binding on members of a

commonwea lth."(2)

(Polloc) (Holland)







(Sidney

Hartland)

"Law is a set of rules imposed and enforced by a

soc iety for t he conduc t of soc ia l a nd political
relations." (3)

(1)

Robson, W.A.Civilization and the Growth of Law, p-5.

(2)

Robson, W.A.Civilization and the Growth of Law, p-5.

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(Prof. G.C.Lee)

"La w is tha t body of c ust oms , enforced by the

communit y, by mea ns of whic h ma n' s g r oss
passions are controlled and his conduct towards
his fellow-creatures regulated." (1)

(Sa lmond)

"L a w is defined a s t he body of pr inc iples

rec ognis ed a nd applied by t he s t a te in t he
administration of justice."(2)

(1)

Robson, W.A.C iviliza tion a nd the Growth of Law , p-5.

(2)

Holla nd, T .E. Jurispr uda nc e, p- 3.

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(Difference of Concepts)

(Robson W.A)

"I t is diffic ult t o define law in a sa tisfa ct or y
manner, it is still harder to find the beginnings of
it. The origins of law are shrouded in obscurity
and are, perhaps, impossible to discover."(1)

(1)

Holland, T.E.Jurisprudance, p-90.

(2)

Pollock. S.F. First Book of Jurisprudence, p-29.

(3)

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol.XII, p-118.

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(Totality)

(Trial & Error)

(1)

Lee, G.C.Historical Jurisprudence, p-5.

(2)

Salmand, Jurisprudence, p-3 6.

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(Cicer o)

"Law is neither contrived nor decreed by man; it
is an et er na l pr inciple whic h r ules the whole
univ er s e, c omma nding wha t is r ig ht a nd
prohibiting what is wrong. Hence law is no mere
artefact but is the divine reason bestowed by the
gods on the human race."(1 )

"I n I s lam, t he most cons pic uous fa c t a bout
Muhamma d ( ) is that he wa s not merely a
div ine pr ophet but also a t empora l ruler who
governed, judged, punished and legislated. After
the g rea t flig ht in A.D.6 22 to Ma dina , when
Muhammad ( ) acquired political power he was
sov er eign as well as Divine pr ophet, but only
(1) Ibid, p-10.

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sov ereign bec ause of his pr ophet ic office. The
mosque was his c ounc il- chamber a nd ha ll of
audience; the Friday sermon his opportunity for
declara tions of policy and when he uttered his
mos t far-reac hing injunc tions he spoke as the
very mouthpiece of the deity."(1)

"Positivism & Idealism"

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(John Austin)
Kelsen)

(Hans
Gray,
(Roscoe Pound)

Salmond, Lajterpac, Friedman, Bryce

(Positivism & Idealism)

(Lord Wright)

"L aw is not a n end it s elf. It is a par t of t he

polit ic al s ys tem of a nat ion, a nd it owes it s
exis tence t o the object s of the government . In
the light of my ex perience and s tudy , I hav e
reached the conclusion and believe that the first
and ba s ic objec t of la w is t he s ea r c h for
justice."(1)

(1) Robson, W.A.Civilization and the Gr ow th of Law , p-3.

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(1)

Wilson, R.K .Introduction to the Stidy of Inglo M uham madan

Law, p.1-15.

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(Islamic Concept of Law)

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Law (Terminologies)

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(Establish)

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(Law Giver)

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(Ultimate Sovereignty)

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(Specification of General)

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(Explanation of

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(Explanation of

Ambiguous) vi

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(Unconditional) (Permanent )

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Rights in Rem
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(Subjects of Law)

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(Receptive Capacity)
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(Life )

(Freedom)
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(Islamic Faith)

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(Insanity)

(M inority or Immatuarity)
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(Slavery)
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(Ignorance of Fact)

(discharge)

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(Ignorance of Law)
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-i

-ii

-i

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-ii

-iii

(Secular)

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(Comparative Study)

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(Origin)

(Interpetation)

(Sanction)
(Nature)

(Foundational Principles)

(Preservation of Sancitity)

(Scope)

(Equilibrium & M oderation)

(Perfection & Completion)

(Principle of Development)
(Standard of Validity)

(Internal M enifest Action)

(Origin)

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(Interpretation)

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(Law of Natural Justice)

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(Sanction)

(M oral or Phisical Force)

(Legal Status)

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(Nature)

DON'TS DO'S

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(Foundational Principles)

(Avoidance of Hardship)

(Lessening of Difficulty)

(Gr au dality)

(Repeal & Change)

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(Except ional Pe rmissib ility)

Presumption of General Permissibility)

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(Preservation of Sanctity)

(P u n is h me n t f o r

Transcression)

(Principle of Reward)

(Principle of Punishment)

(Earthly Punishment)

(Etherial Punishment)

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(Scope)

(Totality)

(Source)

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(Religious Laws)

(M oral and Social Laws)

(Civil Laws)

(Laws of Contract and Transactions)

(Commercial or Fiscal Laws)

(Penal Laws)

(Family Laws)

(Adjective & Procedural Laws)

(Constitutional Laws)

(Administrative Law)

(Public International Laws)

(Private International Laws)

(M ilitary Laws)

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(Equilibrium & M oderation)

"Social P.A.Sorokin
and Cultural Dynamics"
"Islam i s t he only cult ur e whic h p r ovid es balance

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between the mundane and spir itual aspects of human
life."

(Perfection & Completion)

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(Principle of Development)

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(Standard of Validity)

(Dichotomy)


(Politico-Legal Science)

(Socio-Economic Science)
(De sp o t ic &

Di c t at i o r i a l R u l e )
(M onarchy) (Democracy)
(Theocracy)


(Laissez Faire



Theory)
(S o c ial ist i c

Theory)

(Permissive)




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(Local & Provincial




Laws)

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(Internal Manifestation)

(Spiritual & Internal M anifestation)

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194. Catholic Encyclopaedia ''Law"

195. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics,

196. Holland,T.E. Jurisprudance
197. Lee,G.C. HistoricalJurisprudence
198. Lo rd wrigh t. Int er p re tation o f M o dr e n le gal
Philosophies.
199. Pollock, S.F. First Book of Jurisprudence
200. Robson, W.A. Civilization and Growth of Kaw,
(London1935)
201. Salmand, Jurisprudence
202. Wilso n, R.K. In tr o d u c tio n to t h e st u dy o f
Inglo-M uhammad Law.

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