Trigeminal Nerve

Opthalmic Nerve: Sensory Leaves cranium through superior orbital fissure Supplies eyeball, lacrimal glands, mucous membranes of nose and paranasal sinuses, skin of forehead, eyelids, nose Before it enters the fissure, it gives 3 main branches:

Maxillary Nerve

Mandibula r Nerve

.: Nasociliary N Travels along medial border of orbital roof (giving branches to nasal cavity and skin : then branches to

Frontal Nerve. Supratrochlear N. : supplies skin & conjunctiva of medial 1/3 of upper eyelid, skin over lower and mesial aspects of forehead

Lacrima l Nerve

Supraorbital N.: upper eyelid, scalp as far as parietal bone and lamboid suture

supplies lateral part of upper eyelid and adjacent skin

Anterior ethmoidal: gives internal nasal nerve that supplies m.m. of anterior part of septum and lateral wall of nasal cavity

External nasal N.: skin over tip &ala of nose

Posterior ethmoidal N.: ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses

Infratrochlear N.: skin of lacrimal sac and lacrimal caruncle

Long ciliary N.: supplies iris and cornea

Ciliary ganglia: has sensory nerves that travel to eyeball by short ciliary N.

Trigeminal Nerve

Opthalmic :Nerve

Zygomatic Nerve: travels anteriorly, enters orbit via inferior orbital fissure

Maxillary Nerve: Arises from middle of trigeminal nerve Pure sensory Inside cranium gives branch to middle meningeal N. Exits through foramen rotundum, crosses uppermost plates of sphenoid and palatine bone, gives branches:

Mandibula r Nerve

Zygomatico - temporal N.: supplies skin on side of forehead

Zygomaticofacial N.: supplies skin on prominence of cheek

Spheno-palatine ganglia (Pterygopalatine N.): communicates with pterygopalatine ganglion, its branches:

Posterior superior Alveolar N.: travels in post. Wall of max. sinus supplies max. sinus, alveoli, PDL, pulp of max. molars

Orbital branch: supplies periosteum of orbit

Nasopalatine branch: Passes across roof of nasal cavity downward and forward, enters incisive canal then into oral cavity by incisive foramen (gives sensation to palate in premaxilla; anterior teeth)

Palatine : branch Greater palatine (anterior) branch: Supplies palatal soft tissues & bones as far anteriorly as 1st premolar (meets terminal fibers of nasoplatine)

Pharyngeal : branch

Lesser palatine (middle and posterior) branch: Middle: innervation of soft palate Posterior: tonsil region

Then the maxillary nerve angles laterally and enters through the groove on the posterior surface of the maxilla enters orbit via the inferior orbital fissure >> then it goes through the inferior orbital canal and becomes inferior orbital N., it gives branches in the canal:

Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve: MSA Supplies sensory innervation of max. premolars & maybe the mesiobuccal of the 1st molar and the periodontal tissues, buccal soft tissue and bone in premolar area

Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve: ASA Descends within the wall of the max. sinus, provides pulpal innervation of anterior teeth and sensory innervation of surrounding periodontal tissues, buccal bone, mucous membranes

Nerves from superior Alveolar N. (anterior + middle + posterior) form a dental plexus and gives 3 N., each nerve is accompanied with an artery: Dental N.: enters tooth through apical foramen, supply pulpal innervation Interdental N.: travel through interdental septum, supply PDL then they emerge at crest of alv. Bone and supply interdental and buccal gingiva Interradicular N.: within interradicular septum, supply PDL of roots, terminate in PDL at furcation areas Then the infraorbital N. exits through the infraorbital foramen on to face & gives terminal branches:

Inferior palpebral branches: Skin of lower eyelid with sensory innervation

Exterior Nasal branches: Skin on lateral aspect of nose

Superior labial branches: Skin & mucous membranes of upper lip

Trigeminal Nerve

:Mandibular Nerve Mixed: 2 roots; large sensory root and small motor root Both roots unite outsie the skull and then divide again into a small anterior and a larger posterior division

Maxillary Nerve

Opthalmic :Nerve

Undivided Branch: Leaves foramen ovale and gives branches: Small motor branches to tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini Nervous spinosus (meningeal branch) along with middle meningeal artery

Medial ptyergoid N.: to medial ptyergoid muscle

:Anterior Division Runs forward under lateral pterygoid muscle then passes between the 2 heads of the muscle, it gives branches Buccal Nerve (long buccal N.)(buccinator N.): Sensory to skin over buccinator muscle and buccal gingiva of mandibular molars and mucobuccal fold DOES NOT innervate buccinator muscle (which is supplied by )facial nerve

:Motor innervation Deep temporal N.: supplies tempoarlis muscle Masseter N.: to masseter muscle Lateral pterygoid N.: to lateral pterygoid muscle

Posterior Division: (last branch of mandibular N.) Mostly sensory with smaller motor component Descends downward and medial to lateral pterygoid muscle It gives branches:

.:Auriculotemporal N Travels along upper part of parotid then crosses posterior portion of zygomatic arch Provides sensory Communicates with facial N. supplying skin over facial N. branches Communicates with otic ganglion Supplies skin over temporal region, ear, TMJ

.:Inferior Alveolar N Descends medial to lat. Pterygoid muscle, laterposterior to lingual N. between medial surface of ramus and sphenomandibular ligament,

Lingual N.: travels medial to lateral ptyergoid then downward between ramus and medial pterygoid muscles, runs anteriorly and medial to inferior alveolar nerve (both are parallel), continues downward and forward deep to pterygomandibular raphe and below attachment of superior constrictor of pharynx to reach side of base of tongue & behind 3rd molar, goes anterior across muscles of tongue to wharton's duct and sublingual gland Supplies general &taste sensation of ant. 2/3 of tongue, sensory innervation of floor of mouth and lingual gingiva *chorda tympani of facial N. supplies taste it runs along with ling. N.

Enters mandibular canal along with inf. Alv. Artery and vein, as far as mental foramen., the artery is ant. To the nerve The dental plexus supplies mand. Posterior teeth The inf. Alv, N. terminally divides into: Incisive N.: supplies incisors, canines, 1st molar Mental N.: 3 branches; supplies skin of chin, lip and m.m. of lip

Before entering the mandibular foramen it gives mylohyoid N.: Motor to mylohyoid & anterior belly of digastric muscle Sensory to skin on mental protuberance Sensory innervation to mand. incisors

Done by: Hanan Al-Johani, if any mistakes are found kindly inform me and they will be fixed immediately