Agency Identification and Summary Paper Tiffany Mosley Southeastern University January 20, 2012

POLICY IDENTIFICATION PAPER This paper will identify the human trafficking policy studied and will seek to outline the basic policy structure. The social problem identified by the policy will be addressed, as well as resources needed and proposed resource distribution. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOCIAL PROBLEM The social problem that is addressed in the policy and will be covered in this paper is the problem of human trafficking. The purpose of The Child Protection Compact Act of 2011 is to provide United States assistance for the purpose of eradicating trafficking in children in eligible countries through the implementation of Child Protection Compacts, and for other purposes (S. 185, 2011). In other words, the bill will help to increase protection of vulnerable children in selected countries by providing assistance to address institutional weaknesses within governments The social problem can also be defined by the findings of Congress that are

reported in this policy. The United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) has estimated that 158,000,000 children aged 5-14 are engaged in child labor (S. 185, 2011). The policy identified intended to reduce, and eventually halt, the trafficking and enslavement of children. Child trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is a global phenomenon, and it is estimated by the International Labour Organization that 1,800,000 children worldwide are exploited for prostitution and pornography (S. 185, 2011). IDENTIFICATION OF POLICY The purpose of this act is to: protect and rescue children from trafficking by the establishment of Child Protection Compacts between the United States and select, eligible countries with a significant prevalence of trafficking in children, in order to: 1. Address institutional weaknesses within the government that result in the failure to protect vulnerable children and to

POLICY IDENTIFICATION PAPER rescue and properly rehabilitate victims; 2. Address other legal, political, and societal vulnerabilities for children within the country; and 3. Ensure transparency and accountability in achieving the goals stipulated in the Compact over the course of its three-year implementation.(CITE) This problem is global, as defined by the International Labour Organization. This is a problem for all humans because it is a direct violation of human rights and it is an atrocity that continues to grow and spread. Human trafficking has been around for hundreds of years, but it was not until 2000 when the United Nations Protocol against Trafficking in Persons was passed, which made all forms of human trafficking illegal (Shinkle, 2007). Until that point, efforts had been focused on prostitution, sex trafficking and the trafficking of women. This move from the United Nations served as acknowledgement that human trafficking has grown and encompasses much more than the enslavement of humans for sexual exploitation, but includes trafficking for the purposes of labor, criminal activity and slavery. PERSONAL STATEMENT I have only been aware of the fight against human trafficking for about three or four years. It is something that I never thought would affect me, but a social problem that both

disgusted me and intrigued me. I began to ask myself questions about the purpose of trafficking, the demand for trafficking, the churches involvement and the level of awareness that the general public lacks. While human trafficking violates basic human rights, it wasnt until I began to think about my personal values and my Christian values that I began to want to get involved. My personal values are based on my Christian faith in God. Human trafficking is in direct conflict with my personal values of compassion, mercy, justice, unconditional regard and the freedom to make our own choices. My professional values are very similar to my personal

POLICY IDENTIFICATION PAPER values, and they include accountability, responsibility, social justice and welfare and honesty. I believe that everyone deserves freedom, and that a persons physical, mental and emotional

freedoms are withheld or stolen when they are affected by human trafficking. My conviction for my values has grown over the years, increasing the effect that human rights violations has on my heart and my conscience. While I would not say that my position on human trafficking has changed, my awareness level certainly has. At my prior job working with drug addicted women, I met and befriended two women who were victims of forced prostitution and sex slavery. Since the day they both walked out of my life and were forced back into slavery, the desires I have to advocate against human trafficking and to grow in knowledge regarding prevention and punishment has grown exponentially. CHOICE ANALYSIS While there are already many national and foreign policies regarding anti-trafficking, child labor and sex slavery, there are countries worldwide that do not have the resources to enforce theses laws and policies. The CPCA (Child Protection Compact Act) is one of the first proposed bills that would send money and resources overseas to help equip participating countries. Through training and technical assistance, resources for law enforcement, victim protection services, and the prosecution of human traffickers, the CPCA will aid tremendously in bringing human traffickers to justice. The CPCA advocates for the United States to contract with certain focus countries to provide these services and other support. The focus countries would be identified by the State Departments Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, and they will be countries that have shown they are willing to fight human trafficking on a policy level. In order to be eligible to receive support from the CPCA, these countries must be in full cooperation with the United States and will be selected on

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the basis of demonstrated political will by the government to confront child trafficking, including by enactment and enforcement of law, cooperation with local and international NGOs, and treatment of victims in accordance with international standards (Shinkle, 2007). The countries will be provided with the resources and the capacity to not only identify and prosecute human traffickers, but they will have the ability and the resources to take care of, and follow up with survivors. The goal is for these nations to build public justice systems that will effectively train its personnel to investigate and punish crimes against children. The bill proposes additional assistance for the care of human trafficking survivors. The plan requires a specific, objective based contract with each possible focus country. Some of the objectives clarify the way the resources will be dispersed and what kind of services will be provided. The objectives include: Evaluation of legal standards and practices and recommendations for improvements, training anti-trafficking officers and investigators, building the capacity of domestic non-governmental organizations to educate vulnerable populations, creation of victim-friendly courts, developing appropriate after-care facilities for rescued victims, development and maintenance of data collection systems, and development of regional cooperation plans with neighboring countries to prevent cross-border trafficking (S. 185, 2011). The CPCA Act of 2011 authorizes the State Department, through the Secretary of State, to administer aid to the focus countries (Payne, 2008). The bill proposes to authorize $50 million dollars to be dispersed over three years. After a contract is negotiated, with Congresss consultation, the resources are able to be administered to that country. For accountability, the President will provide a report on the achievement of objectives for that specific country, no later than 180 days after the contract begins. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 established the G/TIP Office (Department of State's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in

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Persons), granting it responsibility for monitoring, diplomacy and grant-making (S. 185, 2011). The CPCA Act aims to add authority to the G/TIP Office by allowing for additional investments to be made in these focus countries. The CPCA Act would not reduce the funding for G/TIP but would provide its own, federally funded resources. Because this bill has not passed yet, the specifics of social allocation, delivery of benefits and specific opportunities has not been fully disclosed. The bill looks to provide in-kind services, goods and services, personal social services and governmental support (Rome, 2010). The CPCA Act looks to support individuals on the micro level- officers, politicians, victims, etc. It also seeks to make lasting macro change- implementation of policy, contractual agreements in government, and national awareness.

POLICY IDENTIFICATION PAPER References Children Protection Compact Act 2011, S. 185, 112th Congress, 112 Sess. (2011). Payne, V. S. (2008). On the road to victory in America's war on human trafficking: Landmarks, landmines, and the need for centralized strategy. Regent University Law Review, 21(2), 435-467. Potocky, M. (2010). The travesty of human trafficking: A decade of failed U.S. policy. Social Work, 55(4), 373-375. Rome, S. (2010). Promoting family integrity: The Child Citizen Protection Act and its Implications for Public Child Welfare. Journal Of Public Child Welfare, 4(3), 245-262. doi:10.1080/15548732.2010.496078 Shinkle, W. (2007). Preventing human trafficking: An evaluation of current efforts. Institute for the Study of International Migration, Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, 3, 1-17.