Research J.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2010; 2(6): 472-475

Narkhede S.B. et.al.

Isolation of Cordia rothii Roxb Mucilage and Its Comparative Evaluation as a Binding Agent with Standard Binder
Vidyasagar G.1, Jadhav A.G.2, Narkhede S.P.2 and Narkhede S.B3*
1 2

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2(6): Nov. Dec. 2010, 472-475

ISSN 0975- 2331

Veerayatan Institute of Pharmacy, Kutch-370 460, Gujarat, India. Department of Pharmacognosy, Smt. B.N.B. Swaminarayan Pharmacy College, Salvav, Vapi, Pin: 396191, Gujarat, India. 3 Department of Pharmacy, Jodhpur National University, Narnadi, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

ABSTRACT:

Research Article

Cordia rothii Roxb. found wild in the forest region, drupe usually single seeded containing mucilage. To isolate mucilage pulp is removed and the seed were macerated with water then filter. Acetone precipitation method is used to isolate mucilage from filtrate and dried in vacuum dryer at 40oC. The physicochemical characteristic of mucilage has performed such as swelling index, solubility, loss on drying. This study was carried out to compare the binding effects of isolated mucilage with starch. Granule properties such as angle of repose, moisture content, bulk and tapped densities and tablet properties which included weight uniformity, friability, disintegration times, and dissolution rates using standard methods. Mucilage of varying concentrations of 8, 10 and 12%w/w were used to produce aceclofenac granules by wet granulation method and compressed into tablets at arbitrary pressure load unit of 6 tons. An increase in binder concentration led to decrease in friability and increase in disintegration time of the tablets. The results indicate that mucilage obtained from Cordia rothii fruit possesses comparable binding properties.

KEYWORDS: Cordia rothii, Binder, Aceclofenac, Mucilage INTRODUCTION:

*Corresponding Author: Narkhede S.B. Department of Pharmacy, Jodhpur National University, Narnadi, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Ph No: +919824311574 E mail: sachinnarkhede@yahoo.com

In preparation of a tablet, from a drug as a dosage form, Pharmaceutical ingredients are required. Some Pharmaceutical ingredients require a binder for tablet dosage form. This provides the cohesiveness necessary for bonding ingredient together. For a successful formulation binder concentration must reached to form a tablet and finally disintegrate with in specified time period.1 Binding agents are used to impart the structural strength required during the processing, handling and packaging of tablets. A number of plant gums have been used as binding agents in tablet formulations viz. acacia, guar gum, tragacanth etc.2 Cordia rothii Roxb. Drupe usually single seeded, ovoid, acute, mucronate, 11.3 cm long, glabourous, longitudinally striate, yellow or reddish brown when ripe, with a gelatinous pellucid edible pulp found wildly.3 In previous study Cordia species fruit mucilage pharmaceutically use as a anti capping agent with different binder.4

Received on 28.10.2010 Accepted on 02.12.2010 A&V Publication all right reserved

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Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2010; 2(6): 472-475

Narkhede S.B. et.al.

number. 10 and dried at not more than 60 oC in hot air oven up to LOD NMT 3%. The dried granules were re-sieved through sieve number 20. The prepared granules were then evaluated for percentage of fines, particle size and flow properties (by measuring angle of repose)8,9. The bulk and tapped densities were determined using bulk density Collection of plant material: Cordia rothii Roxb. Fruit in is collected from wild source of apparatus. Compressibility index of the granules was the Satpura regions of the district Jalgaon from Maharashtra determined by Carrs compressibility index 10, 11. and identified by Dr. Kshirsagar, Botanist Department of Botany S.S.V.P.S. College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India. Preparation and evaluation of tablets: The granules made from Cordia rothii gum were compressed into flat faced tablets of mean average weight Extraction of mucilage using water: Fruits of Cordia rothii washed and outer covering is 200 mg 7.5%, thickness 4.1 0.3 mm, and diameter 8 removed pulp and the seed (1000g) were macerated with 50 mm 0.1 mm in eight station D 2 link tableting machine times of their weight of water and allow standing for 24h. (Karnavati Engineering) at an arbitrary pressure load unit of The extract was then pressed through muslin cloth. The 6 tons. Magnesium stearate was used to lubricate the die filtrate containing mucilage is used further for used for and punch surfaces prior to tableting to prevent sticking. isolation. Evaluation of tablets: The prepared Tablets were evaluated for weight uniformity, Isolation of mucilage using acetone: To the filtrate, acetone was added in 1:2 proportions to hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, and precipitate out mucilage. The mucilage (15%w/w) so assay. obtained was then subjected to air drying for sufficient Weight uniformity test: period of time and further dried in vacuum dryer at 40oC. Twenty tablets from each batch were selected randomly and weighed individually using a highly sensitive electronic balance (Contech). Their mean weights, deviations, and Purification of the isolated gum: The well dried mucilage was powdered with the help of coefficients of variation for each batch were calculated. mortar and pestle and passed through sieve number 60 then the powdered gum was solubilized in distilled water. The Tablet hardness test: The tablets were evaluated for concentrated solution was precipitated by acetone. The hardness as per British Pharmacopoeial procedure using precipitate was separated and dried at 60C. The dried gum Pfizer hardness tester. was powdered and stored in tightly closed container. Friability test: The friable mass was determined as per British Pharmacopoeial. procedure using Friability test Physicochemical characteristics of mucilage The physicochemical characteristics of mucilage such as apparatus. swelling index5 solubility6, loss on drying were determined as per British Pharmacopoeial Procedures7 and pH was Disintegration time: determined using digital pH meter. The disintegration time was determined as per British Pharmacopoeial procedure. Preparation of binder solution: The binder solution was prepared by dissolving the Dissolution test: mucilage of Cordia rothii in water. Standard binder (starch) Dissolution was performed on four formulations of 100 mg was prepared by dispersing a 10 g sample of the starch aceclofenac tablets, one formulation containing starch as powder in 20 ml of distilled water and adding boiled water binder S1 Three formulation F1, F2, F3 formulations whilst stirring with a glass rod to make up to 100 ml. The containing Cordia rothii mucilage as a binder. Dissolution was carried out on six units of each formulation using USP mucilage was allowed to cool and was used for binding. apparatus-II (Paddle) at 37 0.5C in 900 ml phosphate buffer medium of pH 7.4 at 50 rpm. After appropriate time Preparation of the granules: interval, a sufficient volume of sample was withdrawn and Preparation and evaluation of granules The granules were prepared by wet granulation method. filtered through whatman filter paper no. 41. Immediately, Aceclofenac was used as a model drug to formulate same volume of the fresh dissolution medium was granules. Starch was used as disintegrant; lactose used as transferred to the dissolution flask. Samples were collected diluents and talc as lubricant respectively. The drug, at suitable time interval and analyzed lactose, and Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were mixed spectrophotometrically at 275 nm. thoroughly and a sufficient volume of 8, 10 and 12 % w/w of mucilage of Cordia rothii was added slowly to the powder blend and cohesive wet mass was prepared. For standard used 10%w/w of starch as a binder. The batch size was 100 g. The wet mass was then sieved through sieve Hence, in this study we have investigated the binder effects of Cordia rothii Roxb. gum mucilage on the mechanical properties of tablets and to compare the prepared tablets with standard tablets prepared using starch as binding agent.

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Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2010; 2(6): 472-475

Narkhede S.B. et.al.

Ingredients F1 F2 The Cordia rothii fruits yield high percentage of mucilage mg/tab using acetone as mucilage precipitating solvent. The Aceclofenac (Active) 100 100 isolated mucilage was characterized for various Lactose (Diluent) 64 60 physicochemical properties as per Pharmacopoeial SSG (Disintegrant) 10 10 Maize starch (Binder) guidelines. The specifications were set and the results are Cordia rothii mucilage shown in Table no. 1. The prepared granules were evaluated 16 20 (Binder) for percentage of fines, particle size and flow properties in Talc 9 9 comparison with maize starch granules. The results are Magnesium stearate 1 1 shown in Table no. 3. Four batches of 100 tablets were Total wt. 200 200 prepared (as per formulae given in Table no. 2) using isolated mucilage of Cordia rothii fruits at three different concentrations 8%, 10% and 12% w/v and Starch at Figure 1: Comparison of dissolution profile concentration 10% w/v. Starch (10% w/v) was used as standard binder for comparison. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight uniformity, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, and assay the results are shown in Table 4. The dissolution profile of prepared tablet has been find out the result shown the release of aceclofenac in dissolution medium which are shown in Table no. 5, Figure no.1. Table 1: Result of physico-chemical investigation of mucilage Sr. Parameters Cordia rothii No 1 Solubility Form viscous solution in warm water, Swells in cold water, Insoluble in organic solvents like methanol, ethanol and chloroform 2 Moisture sorption study (%) NMT 4 3 Swelling index (ml) NMT 5.7 4 Bulk density (g/ml) 0.5723 5 Tapped density (g/ml) 0.8632 6 Refractive index 1.6676 Optical rotation (1%w/v) +1.48 7 hydrolyzed solution 8 pH of 1% w/v solution 6.0-7.4 Table 3: Evaluation of granules: Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parameters Percentage fines Mean particle size (mm) Angle of repose Untapped density (gm/cm3) Tapped density (gm/cm3) Percentage Compressibility (gm/cm3)

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Table 2: Formulation of tablet

F3 100 56 10 24 9 1 200

F4 100 64 10 20 9 1 200

Binder Cordia rothii mucilage (%) 8 10 26.63 27.89 0.32 0.31 28 29 0.3987 0.057 0.3874 0.062 0.4586 0.021 0.4463 0.017 13.06 1.156 13.191.243

12 29.73 0.32 27 0.3846 0.034 0.44420.015 13.421.111

Starch (%) 10 26.32 0.31 28 0.3912 0.077 0.4481 0.024 12.691.221

Table 4: Evaluation of tablet Formulatio Weight uniformity n trial mg ( 7.5%) F1 206 F2 202 F3 198 F4 201

Hardness* Kg/cm2 6.33 0.095 6.73 0.082 7 .130.082 6.63 0.095

Thickness* (mm) 4.208 0.037 4.128 0.081 4.136 0.080 4.204 0.057

Friability (%) 0.295 0.040 0.253 0.037 0.180 0.027 0.216 0.017

DT*

(sec.)

428.8 3.601 454.3 2.422 480.3 2.338 469.3 1.862

Assay (%) 99.97 99.98 100.04 100.01

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Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2010; 2(6): 472-475

Narkhede S.B. et.al.

Table 5: Dissolution profile Time (min) %Drug release F1 F2 0 0 0 5 23 19 10 42 37 15 55 52 30 71 66 45 82 76 60 99 97 90 99 100

F3 0 16 30 48 61 74 98 98

S1 0 20 33 50 65 79 100 100

The comparative result of this study has concluded that Cordia rothii mucilage seed gum (10%) may used as a binding agent in the conventional tablet formulation. Since Cordia rothii mucilage displayed good binder characteristics have greater potentialities to become the new source of binder and could also be exploited for the commercial production of gums.

CONCLUSION:

Cheblic C., Cartier L., Crossed-linked cellulose as a tablet excipient: A binding/ disintegrating agent. Int J Pharm, 1998; 171; 101-10. 2. Banker GS., Anderson NR., Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. 3rd edition by Varghesee publishing house, Mumbai, 1987; 321. 3. Publication and information directorate, The wealth of India a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Vol.2, New Delhi, CSIR, 1950; 346. 4. Kassem, AA., El-Gendy, AR., Use of Cordia myxa mucilage to prevent capping in tablet manufacture. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ.,1969; 8;233-41. 5. Bowen FE., Vadino WA, A simple method for differentiating sources. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1984;10: 501-05. 6. Carter SJ. Tutorial Pharmacy: Solution. Great Britain: Pitman Press,: 1st edition; 2005. 7. British Pharmacopoeia published by British Pharmacopoeia commission laboratory, Vol-I; 2008, 44- 45. 8. Bandelin FJ. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets, Liberman HA, Lachman L and Shwartz JB. 2nd Edn Vol. 2. New York: Marcel Decker; 2008, 245. 9. Banker GS and Neil RA. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. 3rd Edn. In: Lachman L, Liberman HA and Kanig JL. Mumbai: Varghese Publishing House; 1987, 297-320. 10. Aulton ME. Pharmaceutics- The Science of Dosage Form Design. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1988, 600. 11. Martin A, Swarbrick J and Cammarata A. MicromeriticsPhysical Pharmacy: Physi- cal Chemical Principles in the Pharmaceutical Scioences. 3 rd Edn. Bombay: K. M. Varghese Company; 1991, 492.

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