Concrete work 1. General 1.

1 Unless otherwise specified hereinundur, the reinforced concrete work shall comply with the requirement of the British Standard Code of Practice CP.114 The Structural Use Reinforced concrete In Building.

2. Cement

2.1 The cement to be use shall be Portland Cement of approved manufacture .Portland Cement shall comply with the requirement of MS.7.13.Manufacturers certificates of test will in general be accepted as proof of soundness ,but the S.O may require additional tests to be carried our on any cement which appears to him to have deteriorated due to age ,damage to containers ,improper storage or for any other reason .The S.O. may ,without test being made ,order that any bag of cement ,a portion of the contents of which has hardened ,or which appears to be defective in any other way ,be removed from site forthwith .The Contractor may elect to use either .Ordinary Portland Cement or Rapid Hardening Portland Cement ,but no extra will be paid if the more expensive cement is used . The cement shall be transported to the site in covered vehicle adequately protected against water .It shall be stored in a weatherproof cement store to the approval of the S.O. and shall be taken for use in the work in the order of its delivery into the store .Cement delivered in bulk shall be store in silo of approved design .

3. Aggregate

3.1 General The aggregate shall in general comply with MD.74.All aggregates shall be hard ,strong ,durable ,clean and free from adherent coating and shall not contain harmful materials in sufficient quantity to affect adversely the strength or durability of the concrete or to attack the reinforcement .Aggregate shall be stored in such a manner as to prevent contamination by undesirable substance .The different types of aggregate shall be stored in separate bins and not be allowed to intermingle .

3.2 Fine aggregate

The fine aggregate shall be naturally occurring fresh water sand .The aggregate shall not contains silo or other fine materials exceeding 3 percent by volume when tested according to the Standard Method given inMS.7.5.Neither shall it contain organic material in sufficient quantity to show a darker colour then the standard depth of colour .No 3 when tested according to the method in MS.7.5.The use of crushed stone sand not be permitted .

3.3 Coarse Aggregate The coarse aggregate shall be crushed hard stone except that for work below ground level ,only crushed granite will be used .The aggregates shall not contain clay lumps exceeding 1% by weight .A representative dry sample shall not show an increase in weight exceeding 8% after immersion in water when tested according to the method in MS .75.It shall be well shaped and not flaky with the flakiness index not exceeding 35.The maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate shall be 9mm.

3.4 Aggregate Grading The analysis for the grading of aggregate shall be as described in MS.7.5 and shall be within the limits specified below : (1) Fine Aggregate (natural Sand) B.S.Sieve .. .. 5mm 2.36mm 1.18mm 0.60mm Percent passing .. 95-100 70-95 45-85 25-60 (2) Coarse Aggregate (natural Sand) B.S.Sieve .. .. 20mm Percent passing .. 100 10mm 25- 55

0.30mm 5-30 5mm 0-10

0.15mm 0-10

The grading between the limits specified above shall be to the approval of the S.O., and when tested as provide as hereinafter shall approximate closely to the approved samples .If it should be found necessary ,the fine aggregate shall be washed and/or screened to comply with foregoing standard and the requirement of the S.O.

3.5 Sampling and Testing of Aggregates The method of sampling and the amount of aggregate to be provided for the test shall be in accordance with Section 2 to 6 of MS.7.5.Samples of the fine and coarse aggregate approval by the S.O. shall be kept on site and shall be used to compare the general quality of the aggregate delivered during the course of the work .The tests to be performed on the aggregate shall be as specified hereinbefore .The S.O. may require test to be carried out on samples of the aggregate delivered to site at intervals .The tests shall be carried out by the S.O. or his representative .Should a sample fail to comply with any of the tests the S.O. ,may ,at his discretion ,either reject the batch from which the sample was taken ,order it to be washed and or screened or permit it to be used with variations in the proportions of the concrete mixes specified .Any batch of aggregate rejected by the S.O. shall be removed from the site forthwith .

4. Water

4.1 The water for concreting shall be clean and free from harmful matters and shall be from a source approved by the S.O. The Contractor shall make adequate arrangements to deliver and store sufficient water at the works site for use in mixing and curing the concrete .Water shall comply with the requirement of MS.7.3.

5. Reinforcement

5.1 General The mild steel reinforcement and high tensile reinforcement shall comply in all respect with MS.9.7. High tensile bars shall be round deformed bars .High tensile steel fabric shall comply in all respect with Ms.7.8. Sheets of steel fabric shall be flat unless specified otherwise ,and any tendency to curl shall be corrected by the contractor before fixing .Steel fabric shall not be supplied in rolls. 5.2 Quality Before any reinforcement steel is brought to site ,the Contractor shall when so required furnish the manufacturers certification of test and these shall be submitted for acceptance by the S.O. In addition the Contractor shall on request ,furnish the S.O. with a test sheet from approved laboratory for any

batch of bars ,giving the results of each of the mechanical tests required under the British Standard or Malaysian .During the course of the works ,any reinforcement being found to be not in accordance with the B.S. or M.S .,may be rejected by the S.O. notwithstanding any previous acceptance on the strength of the test certificates and the S.O. may call for additional tests to be made at the Contractors expense on sample taken from the batch of bars ,from which the defective reinforcement came .If the samples do not comply with B.S. or S.O. may reject the whole batch instruct its removal from the site . 5.3 Cleaning The reinforcement shall be clean free from loose mill scale and loose rust before being placed in position and shall be free from oil ,grease or other harmful matters at the time when the concrete is placed . 5.4 Bending The reinforcement shall be bent cold with an approved bar-bending machine. The bending dimensions shall be in accordance with B.S.4466. No straightening of any bent High Tensile deformed bars shall be allowed. 5.5 Placing The reinforcement shall be placed in the forms and held firm against displacement , by approved types of small precast concrete fixing nlocks and wire ties ,in the exact position shown in the drawings. Bars intended to be in contract when passing each other shall be securely held together at intersection points with tying wire .binders and stirrups shall tightly embrace the longitudinal reinforcement to which they shall be securely wired and spot welded .The top reinforcement in slabs shall be rigidly supported on mild steel chairs at 1500mm centre in each direction .The wire ties shall be 1.63mm soft annealed iron wire ;the ends shall be turned in from the face of the formwork and shall not be left projecting beyond the reinforcement bars .The reinforcement shall be inspected and approved by the S.O. before concrete is placed in the forms. The exact amount of cover to the reinforcement shall be obtained when the reinforcement is place and shall be maintained during concreting .The Contractor shall ensure that

the reinforcement will not move during placing of the concrete and under effect of vibration . 5.6 Welding Welding on site may be only be done with the approval of the S.O. Generally however ,all welding shall be done under approved conditions .The Contractor shall demonstrate the competence of the welder prior to ,and periodically during ,welding operations. Welding may be used for : (a) Fixing in position of reinforcement ,e.g. lapping on reinforcement and between bars and other steel members . (b) Structural welds involving transfer of load between reinforcement or between bars and other steel members . Welding shall be by metal-arc welding complying with B.S. 1856,for mild steel or B.S. 2642 for carbon manganese steel whichever is applicable .Welded joints shall not be placed at bends of reinforcement .joint in parallel bars shall be staggered in the longitudinal direction .For staggered joints ,the distance between them shall not be less than the end anchorage length for the bar. The Contractor shall prove by test that the strength of a welded joint is as strong as the parent bar before the S.O. could give his approval for the use of such joint .

6. Proportioning Concrete Mixes

6.1 General The mixes of concrete to be used in the works shall be as indicated in the drawings ,or as specified hereinafter or as may be approved by the S.O. The concrete shall be proportioned in one of the following methods namely ,the Nominal concrete mix or the Designed mix .The water/cement ratio, workability and the strength of the mixes when tested in accordance with B.S.1881 shall comply with requirements specified hereinunder .

6.2 Normal Concrete Mixes 6.2.1 Unless otherwise approved by the S.O. the concrete shall be proportioned as set out in Table A .The quantities of cement ,fine and coarse aggregate shall be determined by weight and that of water by volume .The fine and coarse aggregate shall be measured separately .a weigh batcher shall be used for the purpose of weighing cement ,fine and coarse aggregate .The accuracy of the weights indicated by the weigh batcher shall be regularly checked and shall be maintained within more or less 2 percent of the actual total weight of all aggregate and cement in one batch .The proportions given in Table B are intended for use in very minor works at remote sites and can only be used with the approval of the S.O. Under such circumstances the quantity of cement shall be determined by weight and the of fine and coarse aggregate by volume .approved gauge boxes shall be used for the purpose of measuring the volume of the aggregates . 6.2.2 The weight and volume of the fine and coarse aggregate given in both Table A and Table B refer to the materials in a dry state .Test on the aggregate shall be carried out twice daily or more frequently if considered necessary by the S.O. Allowance shall be made for the water contained in the aggregates when calculating the quantity of water to be added to the mix.

6.2.3 The quantity of water to be used in the nominal mixed shall be as set out in Table A or B as appropriate .The water /cement ratio shown in the tables ,are expectes to produce works cube strength in excess of the requirements of the specification workability sufficient to ensure that the concrete can be worked and fully compacted using the methods of vibration specified hereinunder .However ,if it is found during the coarse of the work that the concrete mix is stiffer than can be placed satisfactorily ,an adjustment of up to 5 percent may be made in the water/cement ratio ,but any further adjustment of the mix shall be made by increasing the proportions of both the water and the cement without increasing the water/cement ratio .The cement proportions shall be increased if the works cube strength below those specifies .

6.3 Designed Concrete Mixes 6.3.1 Designed concrete mixes may be used and comply with the recommendations of C.P.114. The grades of concrete to be used shall be as shown in tables below and this shall supersede Table 4 of C.P.114. Minimum Crushing Strength at 7 days and 28 days after mixing At 7days n/mm.sq 20 17 14 At28 days n/mm.sq 30 25.5 21 Minimum cement content per cu. meter of finished concrete kg. 380 361 321

Equivalent Nominal mix

Maximum aggregate size

1:1:2 1:1 :3 1:2:4

mm 19 19 19

6.3.2 Cement ,fine ,and coarse aggregates and water shall comply with the clauses of this specification ,hereinbefore . 6.3.3 If the Contractor choose to use designed concrete mixes, he shall employ a competent and suitably qualified person to design the nix ,to supervise and direct all stages of the preparation and placing of the concrete .The sampling ,making curing and testing of the works cubes shall be carried out by the S.O. or his representative and the Contractor shall provide all facilities .The Contractor or his representative may ,if they so wish be present while the cubes are being made and tested . 6.3.4 The following information shall be supplied by the Contactor before the S.O. can allow any designed mix to be used : (a) Natural and source of each material. (b) Full details of trial mixes ,all in accordance with CP.114 and BS. 1881. (c) Proposed quantities by weights of each material to produce one cubic meter of fully compacted concrete .

7. Ready-mixed Concrete

7.1 Ready-mixed concrete shall not be used in any part concrete of the works without the S.O.s written approval whish may be withdrawn at any time. The Contractor shall prove to the S.O. that the materials used in ready-mixed concrete comply with the Specification in all respects and that the manufacturing and delivery resource of the proposed supplier are adequate to ensure proper and timely completion each concreting operation . 7.2 The specified requirements as to the sampling preliminary and trial mixing ,testing and quality of concrete of various mixes shall apply equally to ready-mixed concrete which shall furthermore be made and delivered in accordance with B.S. 1926. The grades of concrete to be used shall be as stipulated hereinunder: Minimum Crushing Strength at 7 days and 28 days after mixing At 7days n/mm.sq 20 17 14 At28 days n/mm.sq 30 25.5 21 Minimum cement content per cu. meter of finished concrete kg. 380 361 321

Equivalent Nominal mix

Maximum aggregate size

1:1:2 1:1 :3 1:2:4

mm 19 19 19

The Contractor shall provide at his own cost all necessary facilities for the supervision and inspection of the batching ,mixing and transporting to site of ready-mixed concrete .

8.1 The workability shall be controlled by direct measurement of water content ,making allowance for any water in the aggregates .For the purpose of measuring the workability of concrete ,the slump or the compacting factor test shall be used as a guide .

9. Preliminary Test and Trial Mixes

9.1 As soon as possible after possession of site ,and after any concrete is placed ,the Contractor shall prepare under the direction of the S.O. a series of trial mixes totaling not more than 4 cubic meter of concrete .Test cubes will be made from samples of these trial mixes ,cured and tested in accordance with standard method laid down in CP.114 to determine the

cube strength at 7 days and 28 days after casting .The Preliminary cube strengths obtained shall be at least equal to those specified hereinunder .The mix proportions specified hereinunder may be adjusted as necessary by the S.O. on the basis of these tests without extra cost to the Government .

10. Sampling and Testing

10.1

General 10.1.1 The sampling ,making cubes ,curing and testing of hardened concrete shall be in accordance with B.S .1881 or M.S.7.1 10.1.2 While concreting is in progress ,samples of the concrete ,as placed ,shall be taken and work test cubes made from them .At the same time consistency tests shall be made and the compacting factor or slumps recorded .

10.2

Equipment for Sampling and Testing Concrete 10.2.1 The Contractor shall provide testing equipment whish shall include the following : i. 12 Sets of 150mm steel or cast iron moulds with base plates in compliance with Part 7,Clause 51(a) of B.S.1881. ii. 2 Ncs. Tamping bar in compliance with Part 7,Clause 51(b) of B.S. 1881. iii. 1 No .slump cone with tamping rod in compliance with clause 7, Fig .1 of B.S.1881 or 1 set compacting factor apparatus in compliance with clause 12 and Fig .2 of B.S.1881. iv. 1No. 300mm steel rule . v. 1Set of sieve in compliance with B.S.410. vi. 1No. Cylinder of 100cm cube capacity for field silt test. vii. Scale or balance of 25 kg. maximum capacity and weights. viii. Trowel ,shovels ,spanners and other tools .

10.3 Test for strength

10.3.1 Generally , six test cubes shall be made ;two from each of three samples taken in each day of concreting .However ,where the mix or any of its constituents are changed either in quantity or quality the S.O .may order additional cubes to be made in similar manner. All cubes shall be clearly marked with undeletable paint with the date of casting and serial number .A record shall be kept to identity each cube by date and serial number rotating to the part of the work from which they are taken. Three cubes, one from each sample, shall be tested at 7days and the other three at 28 days. The cube strength and Testing shall be calculated from the maximum load of Concrete load sustained by the cube at failure. 10.3.2 The appropriate strength requirement may be considered to be satisfied if none of the strength of the three cubes is below the specified cube strength, or if the average strength of the three cubes is not less than the specified cube strength and the difference between the greatest and the least strength is not more than 20 percent of that average. 10.3.3 If the 7 day tests do not meet the strength requirement, the S.O. reserves the right to order work in concreting to stop until after the remaining cubes are tested at 28 days. 10.3.4 In the event that the result of tests 28 days do not meet the specified requirements, the S.O. shall determine the action to be taken in respect of the concrete member represented by the test cubes concerned which may include its demolition. The Contractor shall if required by the S.O. take cored samples from the hardened concrete member and carry out strength test and all expenses incurred in carrying out of such sampling, testing and remedial works shall be borne by the Contractor irrespective of whether the tests proved the structure to be sound or otherwise. 10.3.5 The strength requirement for the nominal mix shall be as shown in Table below: Nominal mix proportion Cube strength at 7 days Preliminary Work test test Cube strength at 28 days Preliminary Work test test

1:1:2 1:1 :3 1:2:4

N/mm sq 26.7 22.7 18.7

N/mm sq 20 17 14

N/mm sq 40 34 28

N/mm sq 30 25.5 21

10.4 Test for Consistency 10.4.1 While work on concreting is in progress, test on workability of the mix shall be carried out twice daily and in addition whenever an materials or the proportions of the mix are changed or when directed by the S.O. The tests shall consist of either the Slump Test or the Compacting Factor Test as described in B.S. 1881 10.4.2.The slump shall be as smull and the compacting factor as low as practicable consistent with efficient working and full compaction of the concrete mix in the formwork using the specified methods of compaction. 11. Mixing of Concrete 11.1 The concrete shall be mixed in a mixer of adequate capacity complying with the requirements of B.S. 1305 and having a power elevated loading hopper or other type of mixer approved by the S.O. The mixer shall be equipped with an automatic water measuring tank fitted with a device for locking the discharge setting. The quantity of water added to each batch in the mixer shall be carefully measured such quantity to be approved before hand by the S.O. and could only be varied with his approval. The mixing shall continue until there is a uniform distribution of the materials and the mass is uniform in colour and consistency and in no case shall the time of mixing be less than two minutes or more than five minutes after all the ingredients have been placed in the mixer. 11.2 Hand-mixing will only be allowed for small quantities of concrete which are to be used for a special purpose and if hand-mixing is used, 10 per cent extra cement shall be added to the proportions specified in the table above. 11.3 Any concrete not used within 45 minutes from the time of first mixing shall be thrown away. 11.4 Admixtures such as plasticizer or rapid hardening agent, shall not be used without prior approval of the S.O.

12. Transporting and Placing of Concrete

12.1 Transporting The concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the place of deposit in the works as rapidly as practicable and by means which will prevent segregation of the materials or loss of ingredients. It shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position to avoid rehandling or flowing. The concrete shall be conveyed by chutes only with the permission of the S.O. and arrangements for this shall be to his approval before placing the concrete. 12.2 Placing The concrete shall be placed in the works as soon as possible after mixing and shall be thoroughly compacted by both hand-tamping and mechanical vibration. It shall be thoroughly worked into the corners of formwork by hand tamping. After tamping into place the concrete shall not be subject to disturbance other than such as incidental to compaction by vibration. The concrete shall be placed in the for the formwork in layer not exceeding 600 mm deep in supporting frames and deep beam and placed to the full depth in slabs and small beams. No concrete shall be placed such that the free fall exceeds 1.5metre. The vibrations shall be used solely for compacting the concrete and not for working concrete into position. Concreting shall be carried out continuously between and up to predetermined construction joints specified hereinafter in one sequence of operation. The surface of the concrete shall be maintained reasonably level during placing. In the event of unavoidable stoppage in positions not predetermined the concreting shall be terminated on horizontal planes and against vertical surface by the use of stopping-off boards. A record shall be kept on site of the time and date of placing the concrete in each position of the structure and the reference numbers of the test cubes pertaining to batches of concrete in particular parts of the structure.

13. Compacting Concrete

13.1 The concrete between walls of formwork shall be compacted by vibrators of the Internal type and concrete in slabs with no formwork on its upper surface shall be compacted either by vibrators of the pan type or by a vibrating beam type or any other type approved by the S.O. The vibrators shall be of ample power and approved by the S.O.

13.2 The vibrators shall be operated by workmen skilled in their use. The Internal vibrators shall be inserted and withdrawn slowly and at a uniform pace of approximately 100 mm per second. Compaction shall be deemed to be completed when cement mortar appears in a circle around the vibrator; over vibration leading to segregation of the mix must be avoided. The Internal vibrator shall be inserted at points judged by the area of mortar showing after compacting, with a certain allowance made for overlapping, and they shall not be allowed to come into contact with the formwork or the reinforcement and shall be inserted at a distance of 75 mm from the formwork. The pan vibrators shall be placed on the surface of the concrete which shall have previously been tamped and leveled leaving an allowance in height for compaction until the cement mortar appears under the pan. The vibrator shall then be lifted and placed on the adjoining surface and this operation shall be repeated until the whole surface has been compacted. Alternatively a vibrating beam spanning the full width of the surface may also be used.

14. Curing and Protection of Concrete

14.1 Exposed surfaces, immediately after final set, shall be protected from direct sun in a manner approved by the S.O. All concrete shall be well watered after it has set and shall be kept continuously damp until thoroughly cared. Provision shall be made for adequate water distribution to all parts of the works, so that, if required this treatment can be continues efficiently throughout the period of construction. In order to keep the concrete continuously damp all exposed surface shall be covered with continuously damped gunny bags or any other approved means for the period of curing, which shall not be less than 10 days. 14.2 All work shall be protected from damage by shock or overloading or falling earth, etc.

15. Formwork

15.1 General 15.1.1 The formwork shall be constructed of sound, well seasoned timber of such quality and strength as will ensure complete rigidly throughout the placing, ramming, vibration and setting of the concrete; it shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of liquid from the

concrete. Formwork shall be true to alignment and free from surface imperfection and the joint between boards shall be tongued and grooved or caulked with tight fitting fillets recessed into adjacent board and covering the joint the joint. Internal ties or struts shall be avoided as far as possible, and if used they shall be of metal and capable of removal without injury to the concrete. No part of any metal tie or spacer remaining permanently embedded in the concrete shall be nearer than 50 mm to the finish surface of the concrete. Construction details shall be arranged to permit easy removal, and wedges and both shall be employed whenever possible in preference to nails. 15.1.2 The formwork for beams and allied members shall be designed and constructed so that the sides may be removed without interference with the remainder of the formwork. 15.1.3 The formwork to one side of each column shall be made from 450 mm high removal sections and be taken down and remixed as the pouring of concrete proceeds to facilitate proper compactions. 15.2 Wrot Formwork Formwork described as wrot shall be planed smooth or lined with sheet metal, plywood or similar materials on all faces in contact with concrete. The finished surface of the concrete shall be smooth and even and treated as follow: i. All projecting imperfections shall be rubbed down with carborundum stone or other means approved by the S.O. and the grit and dirt there from shall be thoroughly washed off with off with clean water. ii. As a separate operation, after completion of (i) above, surface shall be brushed over with a coating of Portland Cement wash which shall be rubbed into the pores and smoothed off with carborundum stone. The finished surface shall

be protected against drying too rapidly by the use of damp sacking or other approved means. 15.3 Patterned Formwork Patterned formwork if required shall be as shown in the drawing. 15.4 Other Formwork Patented formwork or formwork of material other than those specified above may be used with the prior approval of the S.O. 15.5 Cleaning and Oiling of Formwork Before concrete is deposited the forms shall be thoroughly clean and shall be free from sawdust shaving, dust, mud or other debris by housing with clean water. Temporary openings shall be provided in the forms to drain away the water and rubbish. Unless otherwise approved by the S.O. the inside surface of forms shall before placing of the reinforcement, be coated with an approved non staining mould oil, care being taken at all times thereafter to keep the reinforcement free from any such oil. There shall be no excess coating material in the form prior to concreting. 15.6 Inspection of Formwork All formwork shall be inspected by the S.O. after preparation immediately prior to depositing concrete and no concrete shall be deposited until approval of the formwork has been obtained from the S.O., but such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities. 15.7 Removal of Formwork 15.7.1 The Contractor shall inform the S.O. and obtain his prior approval before striking any formwork, but such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities. 15.7.2 Formwork shall be removed without such shock or vibration as would damage the concrete. A period of time shall elapse between the placing of the concrete and the removal of the formwork for various parts of the structure.

15.7.3 The following table shall be used as a guide to the maximum times of removal of formwork for concrete using Ordinary Portland and Rapid Hardening Cement, however the S.O. who may at his discretion increase the time if he considers such increase to be necessary: Ordinary Portland Cement Days 3 4 10 8 21 Rapid Harding Portland Cement Days 2 3 5 5 8

Beam sides, walls and columns (unloaded) Slabs (props left under) Removal of props slab Beam soffits (props left under) Removal of props to beam

16. Concrete Finish

16.1 All concrete is to be left as from the formwork. An defects in the concrete shall be left undisturbed pending inspection by the S.O. and such defects shall be made good in the manner as approved by the S.O. 16.2 All fair faced concrete surfaces shall be properly protected from staining, which may arise during flooring or any other operation by covering with polythene sheets.

17. Construction Joint

17.1 Construction joint shall be located in positions shown in the drawings or as approved by the S.O. Such joints shall be made against forms perpendicular to the axis of the member and rebated where required. Precaution shall be taken to prevent loss of grout through the stop end. A higher compactive effort shall be given to concrete on both sides of the joints during concreting. 17.2 Whenever possible stop ends for construction joint shall be removed as soon as the concrete has set and the surface shall be brushed and washed to remove excess laitance and expose the aggregates. Alternatively, this must be done by hacking after the concrete has hardened. Before concreting is resumed, the face of the joint shall be well cleaned wetted.

17.3 Construction joint in exposed concrete surfaces shall be positioned and formed to give minimum variation from the specified finish. 18. Waterproofing Screed to Concrete Flat Roof 18.1 Unless otherwise specified or shown in drawing, waterproof screed to reinforced concrete flat roof shall consist of a 32 mm thick screed reinforced with temperature steel and mixed with an approved waterproofing admixture. 18.2 The base slab shall be concreted as described for concrete generally, ensuring through compactions by the use of a pan vibrator or a vibrating beam. Concrete shall be poured continuously between pre-determined construction joint as decided by the S.O., or as shown in the drawings. Expansion joint, where applicable, shall be allowed and constructed exactly as indicated. 18.3 The waterproofed screed shall consist of one part or cement, and three parts of clean well-graded sand, and approved plasticiser in the proportion recommended by the manufacturers. 18.4 The temperature steel shall consist of a mesh 6 mm diameter mild steel bars at 150 mm centre each way, or alternatively steel fabric of M.S. 7.8. The temperature reinforcement shall be placed directly on top of the base slab, and a minimum cover of 19 mm to top bars of the temperature reinforcement shall maintained. 18.5 The screed shall be laid after the concrete has sufficiently hardened but not later than 36 hours after the concreting of the base roof slab, to obtain a thorough bond between the screed and the base slab. The surface shall be finished with a wood float, and followed by a steel trowel to a smooth finish. 18.6 Joint in the screed shall be allowed and constructed as shown in the drawings. The joints shall be located over the main roof beams and shall be filled with approved bituminous compound as soon as possible. 18.7 After the screed has been placed, and the full area shall be properly and cured for a period of at least seven days. Alternatively as soon as the screed has sufficiently hardened to withstand a mans weight without marking an approved plastic

sealing agent shall be sprayed in accordance with manufacturers instructions. 19. Precast Concrete 19.1 Unless otherwise specified or shown in the Drawings, precast concrete shall be 1:2:4 mix with 19 mm gauge aggregate with fair finish on exposed surface. All precast units shall mature for at least 14 days before being incorporated in the Works for non-structure members and for 21 days in the case of structural members 19.2 Concrete lintels shall be precast or cast in situ.

Table A Proportions and Strength Requirements for Nominal mixes (ref. cl. 6.2.1) by Weigh Batching Estimated Weight of Dry Sand Per 50 kg of Cement Estimated Weight of Coarse Aggregate Per 50 kg of Cement 19 mm Maximum Size 25-50 0.88-0.94 kg 110 135 155 222

Mix Proportions

Minimum Water Including Water Compressive in Aggregates Strength of Works Cubes

1:1:2 1:1 :3 1:2:4 1:3:6

Slump (mm) Compacting Factor kg 65 80 90 155

Water / Cement Ratio 0.45 0.50 0.55-0.60 -

Quantity of Water Litres 22.5 25 27.5 As approved by S.O.

At 7 Days N/mm 20 17 14 -

At 28 Days N/mm 38 25.5 21 -

*The compacting factor shall be determined by the S.O.

Table B Proportions and Strength Requirements for Nominal (ref. cl. 6.2.1) Concrete Mixes by Volume Batching Cubic Meters of Aggregate Per 50 kg of Cement Fine Coarse Water Including Water in Aggregates Water / Cement Quantity of Water Litres 1:1:2 1:1 :3 1:2:4 1:3:6 25-50 25-30 25-50 25-50 0.035 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.14 0.20 0.45 0.50 0.550.60 22.5 25 27.5 As approved by S.O Minimum Compressive Strength of Works Cubes At 7 At 28 Days Days N/mm N/mm sq. sq. 20 30 17 25.5 14 21 -

Mix Proportions

Slump (mm)