Principle of Nutrition (GTN 207)

Introduction on Nutrition
By: Dr. Hamid Jan B. Jan Mohamed

Hippocrates (460-364B.C.)
Let thy food be thy medicine and the medicine be thy food
Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda yang bermaksud: Perut besar itu adalah sarang penyakit dan banyak makan itu punca segala penyakit.

Nutrition and nutritionist

Nutrition is the science of how living organisms obtain and use food to support all the processes required for their existence and to prevent disease. Nutritionist in one who is trained or an expert in the field of nutrition and mostly deals with healthy people

Dietitian and dietetics

Dietetics is the study of nutrition as it relates to disease.
Dietitian is one who is trained or an expert in the field of dietetics and mostly deals with patients.

Sports Nutritionist
Sports Nutrition applies principles derived from current biochemical and physiological scientific knowledge for the purpose of promoting optimal human performance, recovery and body composition. Sports Nutritionists assess a persons nutritional needs to achieve optimal physiological function. Assessment includes the use of appropriate tests and observations such as case history, anthropomorphic measurements, body composition, physical signs, and nutrition/lifestyle analysis to determine an educational nutrition program. The educational protocol includes nutrition/lifestyle modification, exercise, nutritive supplementation and the evoking of regenerative processes.

Nutritional science
The study of nutrition encompasses a wide variety of scientific discipline. Three main categories are: clinical, community and molecular nutrition. Hence, nutritional science reflects a broad spectrum of academic and social discipline related to nutrition.

Nutritional sciences
CLINICAL NUTRITION - Nutrition and health - Nutrition and disease - Diet therapy SPORTS NUTRITION - Nutrition and performance - Nutrition and recovery - Diet

NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES
MOLECULAR NUTRITION
- Nutritional biochemistry - Nutritional metabolomics - Nutritional genomics COMMUNITY NUTRITION - Food choices - Food & nutrition policy - Nutritional epidemiology - Nutritional education & intervention - Food security

Nutrients and their classifications

Nutrient is defined as a substance in foods used by the body for energy, maintanence of body structure, or regulation of chemical processes. Foods that contain high levels of nutrients are more nutritious than foods that do not. It is important to recognise that not all compounds in foods are nutrients. They are not classed as nutrient because they are not used by the body to support its functions.

Not everything in a food is a nutrient

Most food, especially those that are highly processed, contain both nutrients and nonnutrients. Some nonnutrients are added to provide color, flavor, texture, and/or freshness.

Macronutrients vs. micronutrients

Macronutrients: The class of nutrients that we need to consume in relatively large quantity Micronutrients: The class of nutrients that we need to consume in relatively small quantity Macronutrients
Carbohydrate Proteins Lipids (fats) Water

Micronutrients
Vitamins Minerals

Energy
All the nutrient classes are involved in energy production in some way. Energy is defined as the capacity of a physical system to do work. In terms of nutrition, carbohydrate, proteins, and lipids are all contain chemical energy. Cell can transfer the energy from these nutrients into a special substance called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which then can be used to power processes in the body

Calorie
The amount of energy in foods varies and is measured in units called calories. The more calories a food has, the more energy (ATP) the body can get from it. Because 1 calorie represents a very small amount of energy, the energy contents of foods is typically expressed in units of 1000 calories or kilocalories. This is often abbreviated as kcal. In addition, a kilocalorie is sometimes referred to as a Calorie, as on food labels. One Calorie is equivalent to 1000 calories or 1 kilocalorie.

Food pyramid

Food pyramid Malaysia

Food Plate UK

Food pyramid USA (Old)

Overnutrition vs undernutrition
Nak makan apa ya? Nak makan apa ya?

Thank you very much