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1
Q. No. 1 - 25 Carry One Mark Each

1. Two independent random variables X and Y are uniformly distributed in the
interval [-1, 1]. The probability that max [X, Y] is less than is
(A) 3/4 (B) 9/16 (C) 1/4 (D) 2/3
Answer:- (B)
Exp:- ( ) ( )
1
Uniform distribution X, Y on -1,1 ;f x f y
2
= = (



( )
1/2 1/2
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
P max x, y P X , -1 Y .P -1 X , Y
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 3 3 9
dx dy
2 2 4 4 16

| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
= = =
} }


2.
x
If x 1, then the value of x is =
(A)
/ 2
e

(B)
/ 2
e

(C) x (D) 1
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
( )
1
x i
Given, x= -1; x 1 i

= =

( ) ( )
i
i
2
i
i
i /2 /2
We know that e cos i sin e cos i sin i
2 2
i e e



= + = + =
= =


3. Given ( )
1 2
f z
z 1 z 3
=
+ +
. If C is a counter clock wise path in the z-plane such that
z 1 1, + = the value of ( )
C
1
f z dzis
2 j
}

(A) -2 (B) -1 (C) 1 (D) 2
Answer:- (C)
Exp:- ( )
1 2
C C C
I I
1 1 1 z
f z dz dz dz
2 i 2 i z 1 z 3
(
(
( =
+ +
(
(

} } }




2
C
1 1 2
C
z 1 is singularity in c and z=-3 is not in c
z
By cauchy's integral formula I dz 0
z 3
1
I dz 1; I I 1
z 1
=
= =
+
= = =
+
}
}


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2
4. In the circuit shown below, the current through the inductor is










(A)
2
A
1 j +
(B)
1
A
1 j

+
(C)
1
A
1 j +
(D) 0 A
Answer:- (C)
Exp:-









L
1 1
I 10 A
1 j1 1 j1
= =
+ +


5. The impedance looking into nodes 1 and 2 in the given circuit is






(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 5K (D) 10.1k
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-





~ ~
1
j1
1 0A
1 0V
1 0V
1 0A
+

+

1
j1
9k

1k
b
99i
1
2
100
j1
1 0A
1 0V
1 0A
1 0V
j1 1
1

+
+
1 0V
j1 1
9k
b
i
1k
100
b
99i
+

b
i
9k
100 1
V
2
V
( )
b
I 99i +
I
b
99i
+

V
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( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 b b b
b b b
.
b b
b b
th
After connecting a voltage source of V
V V 10k i 100 I 99i i ;
-10000i 100I 100 100i 100I 10000i
100 I
20000i 100I i I
20000 200
I
V 100 I 99i i 100 I 100 50I
200
R
= = + +
= + = +
| | (
= = =
| (
\ .
( | |
= + + = + = (
( |
\ .
=
V 50I
50
I I
= =


6. A system with transfer function
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
s 9 s 2
G s
s 1 s 3 s 4
+ +
=
+ + +

is excited by sin ( ) t . The steady-state output of the system is zero at
(A) 1rad / s = (B) 2rad / s =
(C) 3rad / s = (D) 4rad / s =
Answer:- (C)
Exp:- Steady state output of system is

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
y t G j sin t G j
for y t to be zero
G j can be zero
9 4
G j
1 9 16
at 3 rad/ sec
G j 0, thus y t 0
= +

+ +
=
+ + +
=
= =


7. In the sum of product function f(,,) = ( ) 2,3, 4,5 ,

the prime implicants are


(A) XY, XY (B) XY, XY Z, XY Z
(C) XY Z, XY Z, XY (D) X Y Z, X Y Z, XY Z, XY Z
Answer:- (A)
Exp:- .




Implicates are xyz, xyz, xyz, xyz
The prime implicants are xy and xy
xy
00 01 11 10
1 0
z
1
0 1 0
1 0 1 0
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4
8. If x[n] = (1/3)
|n|
- (1/2)
n
u[n], then the region of convergence (ROC) of its Z-
transform in the Z-plane will be
(A)
1
z 3
3
< < (B)
1 1
z
3 2
< <
(C)
1
z 3
2
< < (D)
1
z
3
<
Answer:- (C)
Exp:-
( )
n
n
1
1
x n u n
3
2
| |
= ( (
|
\ .


( )
( )
n
n
1
for 1/ 3 ROC is z 3
3
1
for 1/ 2 u n ROC is z
2
1
Thus common ROC is z 3
2
< <
> (

< <


9. The radiation pattern of an antenna in spherical co-ordinates is given by
( )
4
F cos ; 0 / 2 =
The directivity of the antenna is
(A) 10dB (B) 12.6dB (C) 11.5dB (D) 18 dB
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
( )
( )
max
ave
F
Directivity
F

=



( )
max
/ 2 2
n
ave
0 0
0
4
1
F 1
1
F cos sin d d
4
1 1
2 t dt
4 10
1
Directivity 10
1
10
10log10 10dB

=
= (


(
= = (
(

(

= =
= =
} }
}


10. A coaxial cable with an inner diameter of 1mm and outer diameter of 2.4 mm is
filled with a dielectric of relative permittivity 10.89. Given
9
7
0 0
10
4 10 H/ m, F / m,
36

= =

the characteristic impedance of the cable is


(A) 330 (B) 100 (C) 143.3 (D) 43.4
Answer:- Answer is Not in the Options
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Exp:- Characteristic impedance

0
0
1 b 1 2.4
Z ln ln
2 a 2 1
Substitute, the values, we have Z 15.3
| | | |
= =
| |

\ . \ .
=


Note: If
1
2
is not considered then the answer will be option (B)

11. A source alphabet consists of N symbols with the probability of the first two
symbols being the same. A source encoder increases the probability of the first
symbol by a small amount and decreases that of the second by . After
encoding, the entropy of the source
(A) increases (B) remains the same
(C) increases only if N = 2 (D) decreases
Answer:- (D)
Exp:- Entropy is maximum when all symbols are equiprobable
If the probability of symbols at different then entropy in going to decrease

12. The diodes and capacitors in the circuit shown are ideal. The voltage v(t)
across the diode D1 is







(A) ( ) cos t 1 (B) ( ) sin t
(C) ( ) 1 cos t (D) ( ) 1 sin t
Answer:- (C)
Exp:-







When excited by cos ( t), the clamping section clamp the positive peak to 0
volts and negative peak to -2 volts. So whole cos( t) is lower by -1 volts
( ) cos t ~

+


C1
( ) v t

D2
D1
C2
cos at
1
C
( ) V t
1
D
2
D
2
C
Clamper Peak Rectifier
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6











13. In the circuit shown












(A) Y A B C = + (B) ( ) Y A B c = +
(C)
( )
Y A B C = + (D) Y AB C = +
Answer:- (A)
Exp:- Y A B.C A B C A.B C = + = + + = +

14. With initial condition x(1) = 0.5, the solution of the differential equation,
dx
t x t
dt
+ = is
(A)
1
x t
2
= (B)
2
1
x t
2
= (C)
2
t
x
2
= (D)
t
x
2
=
Answer:- (D)
Exp:-
dx dx x
Given DE is t x t 1
dt dt t
+ = + =

( ) ( )
( )
1
dt
logt
t
2
2
IF e e t; solution is x IF IF tdt
t 1
xt t tdt xt c; Given that x 1 0.5 0.5 c c 0
2 2
t t
the required solution is xt= x
2 2
}
= = = =
= = + = = + =
=
}
}

5Volts
A

C
B
C
Y
A

B
cosat
Input 1 +
1
( ) V t
0
0
2
1
2

3
2
2

( ) cos at 1
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7
15. The unilateral Laplace transform of f(t) is
2
1
s s 1 + +
. The unilateral Laplace
transform of tf(t) is
(A)
( )
2
2
s
s s 1

+ +
(B)
( )
2
2
2s 1
s s 1
+

+ +

(C)
( )
2
2
s
s s 1 + +
(D)
( )
2
2
2s 1
s s 1
+
+ +

Answer:- (D)
Exp:- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
d
If f t F s , then t f t F s
ds


( )
( )
2
2 2
1
Thus if F s
s s 1
d 1 2s 1
t f t
ds s s 1 s s 1
=
+ +
+ | |
=
|
+ + + +
\ .


16. The average power delivered to an impedance ( ) 4 j3 by a current
5cos ( ) 100 t 100 + A is
(A) 44.2W (B) 50W (C) 62.5W (D) 125W
Answer:- (B)
Exp:- ( ) ( )
L C L m
Z 4 j3 R JX ; R 4; I = 5cos 100 t+100 I cos t = = = = +

2 2
m L
1 1
P I R 5 4 50W
2 2
= = =

17. In the following figure, C
1
and C
2
are ideal capacitors. C
1
has been charged to 12
V before the ideal switch S is closed at t = 0. The current i(t) for all t is








(A) zero (B) a step function
(C) an exponentially decaying function (D) an impulse function
Answer:- (D)
Exp:- When the switch in closed at t = 0
Capacitor C
1
will discharge and C
2
will get charge since both C
1
and C
2
are ideal
and there is no-resistance in the circuit charging and discharging time constant
will be zero.
Thus current will exist like an impulse function.

S t 0 =

1
C
( ) i t
2
C
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8
18. The i-v characteristics of the diode in the circuit given below are

0.7
A, 0.7V
i 500
0 A, 0.7V

<









The current in the circuit is
(A) 10mA (B) 9.3mA (C) 6.67mA (D) 6.2mA
Answer:- (D)

d
V 0.7
i
500
di 1
dV 500
r 500

=
=
=

Since diode will be forward biased voltage across diode will be 0.7V



10 0.7
i
1000 500
9.3
6.2mA
1500

=
+
= =


19. The output Y of a 2-bit comparator is logic 1 whenever the 2-bit input A is
greater than the 2-bit input B. The number of combinations for which the output
is logic 1, is
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10
Answer:- (B)
Exp:- Input A Input B Y

2 1
A A
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1

2 1
B B
0 0...................0
0 1...................0
1 0...................0
1 1...................0
0 0...................1

1K
10V V
+
+

i
10V
1
i
0.7V
500
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0 1
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

0 1...................0
1 0...................0
1 1...................0
0 0...................1
0 1...................1
1 0...................0
1 1...................0
0 0...................1
0 1...................1
1 0...................1
1 1...................0

Thus for 6 combinations output in logic 1

20. Consider the given circuit







In this circuits, the race around
(A) does not occur
(B) occurs when CLK = 0
(C) occur when CLK = 1 and A = B = 1
(D) occurs when CLK = 1 and A = B = 0

Answer:- (A)
Exp:- .






next
Q A.CLK.Q =

next
A.CLK Q
Q A.CLK Q
= +
= +

If CLK = 1 and A and B = 1

next
next
then Q 1
No race around
Q 1
=

`
=

)

If CLK = 1 and A = B = 0
A
B
Clk
Q
Q
A
B
Clk
Q
Q
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10

next
next
Q Q
No race around
Q Q
=

`
=

)

Thus race around does not occur in the circuit

21. The electric field of a uniform plane electromagnetic wave in free space, along
the positive x direction, is given by
( )
j25x
y z
` ` E 10 a ja e .

= +

The frequency and


polarization of the wave, respectively, are
(A) 1.2 GHz and left circular (B) 4 Hz and left circular
(C) 1.2 GHz and right circular (D) 4 Hz and right circular
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
2
25


8
2
25
3 10
f 1.2GHz
2
25
| |
=
|
\ .

= =



y
z
Let E cos t
then E cos t
2
=
| |
= +
|
\ .

Now if we increase `t, we will see that it in left circular polarization.

22. A plane wave propagating in air with
( )
( ) j t 3x 4y
x y z
` ` ` E 8a 6a 5a e V / m
+
= +

is
incident on a perfectly conducting slab positioned at x 0 . The E field of the
reflected wave is
(A)
( )
( ) j t 3x 4y
x y z
` ` ` 8a 6a 5a e V / m
+ +

(B)
( )
( ) j t 3x 4y
x y z
` ` ` 8a 6a 5a e V / m
+ +
+
(C)
( )
( ) j t 3x 4y
x y z
` ` ` 8a 6a 5a e V / m


(D)
( )
( ) j t 3x 4y
x y z
` ` ` 8a 6a 5a e V / m

+
Answer: (C)

( )
( ) j t 3x 4y
i x y z
E 8a 6a 5a e V / m
+
= + +







z
E
y
E
i
E
r
E
( ) perfectly conducting slab
x 0 x 0 x 0 > = <
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11
1. Electric field inside a perfect conductor = 0
Etransmitted 0 =

2. For E
i
and Er
1
y direction is same since the slabe is
Positioned at x = 0 and only x is reversed.

( )
( )
i r
j t 3x 4y
r i
E E 0
E E 8ax 6ay 5az e

+ =
= = + +


23. In a baseband communications link, frequencies up to 3500 Hz are used for
signaling. Using a raised cosine pulse with 75% excess bandwidth and for no
inter-symbol interference, the maximum possible signaling rate in symbols per
seconds is
(A) 1750 (B) 2625 (C) 4000 (D) 5250
Answer:- (C)
Exp:- ( )
T S
1
B R 1
2
= +

S
T
S
S
R Symbol rate
2
R
1
0.75
2 3500
R 4000 symbols / sec
1 0.75


=
+
=

= =
+


24. The power spectral density of a real process X(t) for positive frequencies is shown
below. The values of ( )
2
E X t
(

and ( ) E X t ( (

, respectively, are
(A) 6000 / , 0
(B) 6400 / , 0
(C)
( )
6400 / ,20 / 2
(D)
( )
6000 / , 20 / 2
Answer:- (B)
Exp:- PSD of x(t)






6
10 9 11 11 10 9
( )
4
400 10 +
( )
4
400 10
( )
3
w 10 rad / sec
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12

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
xx
xx xx
xx xx
3 3
E x t R 0
1
R 0 S d
2
R S
fourier transform pair
1 1 1
2 10 6 2 10 6 400 400 6400 /
2 2 2

( =

=


(
= + + + =
(


}

Since PSD of x(t) does not contain any DC component, the mean value of x(t) is
zero.

25. The current i
b
through the base of a silicon npn transistor is 1 0.1 +
( ) cos 10000 t mA. At 300 K, the r

in the small signal model of the transistor is









(A) 250 (B)27.5 (C) 25 (D)22.5
Answer:- (C)

Exp:-
T
B
V 25mV
r 25
I 1mA

= = =

Q. No. 26 - 55 Carry Two Marks Each

26. Given that

5 3 1 0
A andI
2 0 0 1
( (
= =
( (

, the value of
3
A is
(A) 15A 12I + (B) 19A 30I + (C) 17A 15I + (D) 17A 21I +
Answer:- (B)
Exp :-
-5 -3
Given: A = ;
2 0
(
(



( ) ( )
( )
2
2 3 2
3
3
5 3
Characteristic equation of A is A-I 0 0
2 0
5 6 0 5 6 0
5 6 and 5 6 5 5 6 6
25 6 30 19 30
Every satisfies its characteristic equation
A 19A 30I

= =

+ = + + =
= = =
= + = +
= +

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13
27. The maximum value of (x) = x
3
- 9x
2
+ 24x + 5 in the interval [1, 6] is
(A) 21 (B) 25 (C) 41 (D) 46
Answer:- (C)
EXP:- ( )
3 2
Given, f x x 9x 24x 5 = + +
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
3 2
f ' x 0 for stationary values 3x 18x 24 0 x=2,4
f" x 6x 18; f " 2 12 18 0; f" 4 24 18 0
Hence f x has maximum value at x=2
The maximum value is 2 9 2 24 2 5 25
But we have to findthe maximum valuein the int erval 1,
= + =
= = < = >
+ + =
( )
3 2
6
f 6 6 9 6 24 6 5 41
(

= + + =


28. If
A B C D
V V 6 V, then V V = is
(A) -5V
(B) 2V
(C) 3V
(D) 6V
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
A B
V V 6
I 3A; Since current entering any network is same
2 2

= = =

C D
as leaving in V V branch also it is I = 3A










D C C C D
V 2 3 V 5 V ; V V 5V = + + = + =

29. The voltage gain A
V
of the circuit shown below is
(A)
V
A 200
(B)
V
A 100
(C)
V
A 20
(D)
V
A 10

+
10V
R 2 R
R
R

5V C
V
D
V
R
R
1
2A
R
A
V
B
V
C
V
D
V
1
2A
C
V
1
+
D
V
2V
3A

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14
Answer:- (D)
Exp:-








( ) ( )
( )
( )
C B B
B C B E
e i e v
E
i
i i vs v
i s
vs
KVL in input loop, 13.7- I I 12k 100k I 0.7 0
I 9.9 A; I I 0.99mA; I 1mA
100k ||12k
26mA
r 26 ; z r 2.6k ; A 412
I 26
z ' 100k 221
z ' z || 221 ; A A 412
1 412 z ' R 221 10k
A 10
+ =
= = = =
= = = = = =
| | | |
= = = =
| |
+ + +
\ . \ .



30. The state transition diagram for the logic circuit shown is
















Answer:- (D)
Exp:-
A 0, y Q
when ever A 1, output gets int o same state
A 1, y Q
= =

=
`
= =
)








10k
v
100k
1 A
100k 12k
o
V
whenever A 0, output
gets toggled
=

A 1 =
Q 0 =
Q 1 =
A 0 =
A 1 =
A 0 =
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15
31. Let y[n] denote the convolution of h[n] and g[n], where h[n] = (1/2)
n
u[n] and
g[n] is a causal sequence. If y[0] = 1 and y[1] = 1/2, then g[1] equals
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 3/2
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
k
k 0
k
k 0
O
k
k 0
0 1
1
y n g n k
2
1
y 0 g k 1
2
1
g 0 1
2
g 0 1
1
y 1 g 1 k
2
1 1
1
g 1 g 0
2
2 2
g 1 0

=
| |
= (
|
\ .
| |
= = (
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
=
| |
= ( (
|
\ .
| | | |
+ = (
| |
\ . \ .
= (

Since g(n) is Causal sequence


g( 1), g( 2),.................... 0 =


32. The circuit shown is a





(A) low pass filter with
( )
3dB
1 2
1
f rad / s
R R C
=
+

(B) high pass filter with
3dB
1
1
f rad/ s
R C
=
(C) low pass filter with
3dB
1
1
f rad/ s
R C
=
(D) high pass filter with
( )
3dB
1 2
1
f rad/ s
R R C
=
+

Answer:- (B)
Exp:- ( )
2
0 1
1
R
V (S) s
1
R
CS
| |
|
= |
|
+
|
\ .

( )
( )
( )
2
O i
1
R CS
V S V S
R CS 1
=
+

Thus cutoff frequency is
1
1
R C
and the filter in high pass filter

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16
33. The magnetic field along the propagation direction inside a rectangular
waveguide with the cross section shown in the figure is

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 10
z
H 3cos 2.094 10 x cos 2.618 10 y cos 6.283 10 t z =




The phase velocity
p
V of the wave inside the waveguide satisfies
(A)
p
v c > (B)
p
v c = (C)
p
0 v c < < (D)
p
v 0 =
Answer:- (D)
Exp:- ( )
z O
m x n y
H H cos cos cos t z
a
| | | |
=
| |

\ . \ .

Given,

( ) ( )
2
2
z
H 3 cos 2.094 10 x cos 2.618 10 y =
( )
10
cos 6.283 10 z
Comparing two equations,
we get m = 2, n = 1
f 10GHz =

2 2 2 2
10
C
C m n 3 10 2 1
f 1.5 GHz
2 a b 2 3 1.2
| | | | | | | |
= + = + =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

Thus wave will not propagate inside waveguide hence V
P
= 0

34. The signal m(t) as shown is applied both to a phase modulator (with k
p
as the
phase constant) and a frequency modulator (with k

as the frequency constant)


having the same carrier frequency








The ratio k
p
/k

(in rad/Hz) for the same maximum phase deviation is


(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D)
Answer:- (B)
Exp:- In phase modulation,
Maximum Phase deviation=
p p
max
K m(t) K .2 =
In Frequency modulation,
Maximum Phase deviation =
2
f
a
2 k 2 dt
}
f
2 k 4 =

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17
Now
P f
K .2 2 K 4 =
P
f
k
4
k
=

35. A binary symmetric channel (BSC) has a transition probability of 1/8. If the
binary transmit symbol X is such that P(X = 0) = 9/10, then the probability of
error for an optimum receiver will be
(A) 7/80 (B) 63/80 (C) 9/10 (D) 1/10
Answer:- No option Matching
Exp:-






( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
0 1
p e p 0 p p 1 p
0 1
= +

9 7 1
7
8
10 8 10
= +
63 7 70
80 80 80
= + =
7
8
=

36. In the CMOS circuit shown, electron and hole mobilities are equal, and M1 and
M2 are equally sized. The device M1 is in the linear region if







(A)
in
V 1.875V < (B)
in
1.87V V 3.125V < <
(C)
in
V 3.125V > (D)
in
0 V 5V < <
Answer:- (A)
Exp:- The voltage transfer characteristics of the CMOS is:







( )
IL DD t
1
where V 3V 2V 2.125V
8
= + = , Hence Option `A is approximately
correct.
OH DD
V V =
o
V
IL
V
IH
V
i
V
DD
V
1
M Triode
2
M Sat
2
M Triode
2
M Sat
x 1 =
1/ 8
y 1 =
7 / 8
7 / 8
1/ 8
y 0 =
x 0 =
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18
37. A fair coin is tossed till a head appears for the first time. The probability that the
number of required tosses is odd, is
(A) 1/3 (B) 1/2 (C) 2/3 (D)
Answer:- (C)
Exp:- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) P odd tosses P H P TTH P TTTTH ..... = + + +

3 5
2 4
2
1 1 1
......
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 .....
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2
1 ......
1 2 4 4 2 2 3 3
1
4
| | | |
= + + +
| |
\ . \ .
| |
| | | |
= + + + |
| |
|
\ . \ .
\ .
| |
( |
| | | |
= + + + = = = ( |
| |
\ . \ . ( |

|
\ .


38. The direction of vector A is radially outward from the origin, with
n
A kr = where
2 2 2 2
r x y z = + + and k is a constant. The value of n for which .A 0 = is
(A) -2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
( )
2
r
2
1
We know that, . A r A
r
r

=


( )
2
r
2
1
Now, . A r A
r
r

=



( )
( )
( )
( )
rH2 n 1
2 2
n 1
1 k
kr n 2 r
r
r r
k n 2 r
For, . A 0, n 2 0 n 2
+
+

= = +

= +
= + = =



39. Consider the differential equation

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 t 0
t 0
d y t dy t
dy
2 y t t with y t 2 and 0
dt dt
dt

=
=
+ + = = =
The numerical value of
t 0
dy
dt +
=
is
(A) -2 (B) -1 (C) 0 (D) 1
Answer:- (D)
Exp:-
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
d y t 2dy t
y t t
dt dt
+ + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
Converting to s domain,
s y s sy 0 y' 0 2 sy s y 0 y s 1
s 2s 1 y s 2s 4 1

( + + =

( + + + + =


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19
( )
( )
2
3 2s
y s
s 2s 1

=
+ +

Find inverse lapalce transform

( ) ( )
( )
( )
t t
t t t
t 0
y t 2e te u t
dy t
2e te e
dt
dy t
2 1 1
dt
+


=
( =

= +
= =


40. Assuming both the voltage sources are in phase, the value of R for which
maximum power is transferred from circuit A to circuit B is







(A) 0.8 (B) 1.4 (C) 2 (D) 2.8
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
( )
2
7 6 10R 42 70R
Power transferred from circuit A to circuit A = VI=
R+2 R 2
R 2
+ + | | | |
=
| |
+
\ . \ . +


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
4
10 3 7
I
2 R 2 R
7R 6 10R
V=3+IR=3+
2+R 2 R
R 2 70 42 70R 2 R 2
dP
0
dR
R 2

= =
+ +
+ | |
=
|
+
\ .
+ + +
= =
+










( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
70 R 2 42 70R 2 R 2
5 R+2 2 3 5R
5R 10 6 10R
4=5R
R=0.8
+ = + +
= +
+ = +

3V 10V
+

2 R
j1
circuit A circuit B
10V
+

2
+

V
R
+

3V
I

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20
41. The state variable description of an LTI system is given by

.
1
1 1
.
2
2 2
.
3 3
3
x
0 a 0 x 0
x 0 0 a x 0 u
a 0 0 x 1
x
| |
|
| | | | | |
|
| | |
|
= +
| | |
|
| | |
| \ . \ . \ .
|
\ .

( )
1
2
3
x
y 1 0 0 x
x
| |
|
=
|
|
\ .

where y is the output and u is the input. The system is controllable for
(A)
1 2 3
a 0, a 0, a 0 = (B)
1 2 3
a 0, a 0, a 0 =
(C)
1 2 3
a 0, a 0, a 0 = = (D)
1 2 3
a 0, a 0, a 0 =
Answer:- (D)
Exp:- The controllability matrix

2
B AB A B
(
=



1
2
3
0 a 0
A 0 0 a
a 0 0
(
(
=
(
(



0
B 0
1
(
(
=
(
(



1 2
2
0 0 a a
controllability matrix 0 a 0
1 0 0
(
(
=
(
(



1
2
3
a 0
a 0
a can be zero


for system to be
controllable
det er minant of
control ability
matrix should not
be zero


42. The fourier transform of a signal h(t) is H( ) j = ( ) ( ) 2cos sin2 / . The value
of ( ) h 0 is
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 2
Answer:- (C)
Exp:-



2
( )
1
h' t
2
=
t
2
sin 2


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21







43. The feedback system shown below oscillates at 2 rad/s when






(A) K = 2 and a = 0.75 (B) K = 3 and a = 0.75
(C) K = 4 and a = 0.5 (D) K = 2 and a = 0.5
Answer:- (A)
Exp:- ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 G S H S S as 2 k s 1 k + = + + + + +

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
3
2
a
o
s 1 2 k
s a 2 k
s a 2 k 2 k 0
s 1 k
+
+
+ +
+

for system to oscillate

( ) ( )
( )
2
a 2 k 1 k 0
1 k
a
2 k
1 k 1 k
A.E as 1 k 0 s 2 a 2 k 4 k 2
a a
Thus a 0.75
+ + =
+ | |
=
|
+
\ .
+ + | |
+ + = = = = + = =
|
\ .
=


44. The input x(t) and output y(t) of a system are related as y(t) =
( ) ( )
t
x cos 3 d


}
.The system is
(A) time-invariant and stable
(B) stable and not time-invariant
(C) time-invariant and not stable
(D) not time-invariant and not stable
Answer:- (B)
Exp:-
t
y(t) x( )cos(3 )d

=
}

Since y(t) and x(t) are related with some function of time, so they are not time-
invariant.

j j
sin2
2cos
sin2
e e

| |

\ .
| |
(
+
|


\ .

( ) ( ) ( ) h t h' t 1 h' t 1 = + +
1
1
1 3
3
1
2

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22
Let x(t) be bounded to some finite value k.

t
y(t) Kcos(3 )d

= <
}

y(t) is also bounded. Thus System is stable.

45. A transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 100 is used to match a
50 section to a 200 section. If the matching is to be done both at 429 MHz
and 1 GHz, the length of the transmission line can be approximately
(A) 82.5 cm (B) 1.05 m (C) 1.58 m (D) 1.75 m
Answer:- (B)
Exp:- Characteristic impedance = 100

( )
sections impedance = 50 , 200 ; frequency = 429MHz, 1GHz
Matching section should have length l = odd multiple of /4 where
is operating wavelength










1
1
1
2
2
2
1 2
1 2
C
for 429MHz, l 0.175m;
4 4f
C
for 1GHz, l 0.075m
4 4f
Length l should be integral multiples of both l and l .
l = multiple of LCM of l and l multiple of 0.525m
Hence, 1.05m is the appropriate

= = =

= = =
=
solution


46. A BPSK scheme operating over an AWGN channel with noise power spectral
density of
0
N / 2, uses equiprobable signals ( ) ( )
1 c
2E
s t sin t
T
= and
( ) ( )
2 c
2E
s t sin t
T
= over the symbol interval ( ) 0, T . If the local oscillator in a
coherent receiver is ahead in phase by 45
O
with respect to the received signal,
the probability of error in the resulting system is
(A)
0
2E
Q
N
| |
|
|
\ .
(B)
0
E
Q
N
| |
|
|
\ .
(C)
0
E
Q
2N
| |
|
|
\ .
(D)
0
E
Q
4N
| |
|
|
\ .

Answer:- (B)
Exp:-
o
N
Given: BPSK scheme, AWGN channel with Noise power spectral density
2


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 c 2 c
Equiprobable signals
2E 2E
s t sin t ;and s t sin t
T T
local oscillator in-coherent receiver is ahead in phase by 45 with respect to
the received signal
= =

100 200 50
matching
sec tion
l
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23

( )
( ) ( )
1 c
1 c
Generally, we consider the local oscillator function of unit energy
2
t sin t 0 t T but the local oscillator is ahead with 45
T
2
t 45 sin t 45 0 t T
T
=
+ = +

Receiver structure:





( ) ( ) ( )
( )
T T
1 1 1 c c
0 0
1
2
1
2received
1transmitted
2E 2
s s t t 45 dt sin t sin t 45 dt
T T
E
s ;
2
E
similarly s
2
E
probability of making an error when we transmit i.e. s
2
s E E E
y N; P P 0 P N 0 P N
2 s 2 2
= + = +
=
=
| | | | | |
= + = < = + < = < | | |
|
\ . \ . \ .
} }
|







( )
1
2received
1transmitted
E
probability of making an error when we transmit i.e. s
2
E
y N;
2
s E E
P P 0 P N 0 P N
s 2 2
= +
| | | | | |
= < = + < = < | | |
| |
\ . \ . \ .








( )
1
s t ( )
2 1
signal co-ordinates s s ,
( )
1
t 45 +
I
IR
1
deci si on region
for s
E
2
E
2

2
deci si on region
for s
II
IR
E
2
E
2

0
Gau ssi an R ando m V ari abl e
N E
wi th m e an v ari an ce
2 2
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24

2
2
0
0
2
0
E
x
E
2
x
2
N 0 0
2
N
2
0 0
t
0 2
0 E 0
N
E 1 1
P N e dx e dx;
2
N N
2
2
E
x
2
N E 1 E
Let t; dx= dt P N e dt Q
t 2 2 N
N
2
sign in the limit is removed since Area of Gaussian
| |
+ |
| |
|
+ | \ .
|
\ .

| |
< = = |
|

\ .

| |
+ |
|
| | | |
\ .
= < = = | |
| |

\ . \ .
} }
}
( ) Pulse is same


( )
( )
1received 2received
2transmitted 1transmitted
0 0 0
s s 1
Symbols are equiprobable P e P P
2 s s
1 E 1 E E
P e Q Q Q
2 N 2 N N
| | | | | |
= + | | |
|
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | |
= + = | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .


47. The source of a silicon
( )
10 3
i
n 10 per cm = n-channel MOS transistor has an area
of 1 sq m and a depth of 1 m . If the dopant density in the soure is
19 3
10 / cm ,
the number of holes in the source region with the above volume is approximately
(A)
7
10 (B) 100 (C)10 (D) 0
Answer:- (D)
Exp:-
2
3 -18 3 12 3 i
19
n
p 10cm ; volume = 10 m 10 cm
10

= = =

-11
total holes = 10 0

Common Data for Questions: 48 & 49

In the three dimensional view of a silicon n-channel MOS transistor shown below,
20 = nm
The transistor is of width 1 m .
The depletion width formed at every p-n junction is 10nm. The relative
permitivities of Si and SiO
2
, respectively, are 11.7 and 3.9, and
12
0
8.9 10 F / m

=

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25
48. The source-body junction capacitance is approximately
(A) 2fF (B) 7fF (C) 2pF (D) 7pF
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
-12
11.7 1 0.2 8.9 10
Source body junction capacitance = 2fF
10nm

=

49. The gate-source overlap capacitance is approximately
(A) 0.7fF (B) 0.7pF (C) 0.35fF (D) 0.24pF
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
( )
12
2
gsov
ox
SiO Area
A 3.9 8.9 10 1 20
C ; C 0.7pF
d t 1nm



= = = =

Common Data for Questions: 50 & 51

With 10V dc connected at port A in the linear nonreciprocal two-port network
shown below, the following were observed:
(i) 1 connected at port B draws a current of 3 A
(ii) 2.5 connected at port B draws a current of 2 A






50. For the same network, with 6V dc connected at port A, 1 connected at port B
draws 7/3 A. If 8V dc is connected to port A, the open circuit voltage at port B is
(A) 6V (B) 7V (C) 8V (D) 9V
Answer:- (B)

51. With 10V dc connected at port A, the current drawn by 7 connected at port B is
(A) 3/7A (B) 5/7A (C) 1 A (D) 9/7A
Answer:- (C)
Exp:- The given network can be replaced by a Thevenin equivalent with V
th
and R
th
as
Thevenin voltage and Thevenin Resistance.
Now we can write two equations for this
V
th
= 3R
th
+ 3
V
th
= 2R
th
+ 5
Solving these two equations we get R
th
= 2 and V
th
= 9.
Now using the same equation with current unknown,
9 = I 2+7 I I = 1A

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26
Linked Answer Questions: Q.52 to Q.55 Carry Two Marks Each

Statement for Linked Answer Questions: 52 & 53

The transfer function of a compensator is given as ( )
C
s a
G s
s b
+
=
+

52. G
C
(S) is a lead compensator if
(A) a = 1, b = 2 (B) a = 3, b = 2
(C) a = -3, b = -1 (D) a = 3, b = 1
Answer:- (A)
Exp:-
1 1
tan tan
a


=


for phase lead should be ve +
1 1
tan tan
a


>


a b <
both option (A) and (C) satisfier
but option (C) will pot polar and zero as
RHS of s-plane thus not possible
Option (A) is right

53. The phase of the above lead compensator is maximum at
(A) 2 rad/ s (B) 3 rad/ s
(C) 6 rad/ s (D) 1/ 3 rad/ s
Answer:- (A)
Exp:- o = geometric mass of two carrier frequencies
2 1 2 rad/ sec = =

Statement for Linked Answer Questions: 54 & 55

An infinitely long uniform solid wire of radius a carries a uniform dc current of
density j .

54. The magnetic field at a distance r from the center of the wire is proportional to
(A)
2
r for r a and 1/r for r a < > (B) 0 for r a and 1/ r for r a < >
(C) r for r a and 1/r for r a < > (D)
2
0 for r a and 1/ r for r a < >
Answer:- (C)
Exp:- For region 0 r a
using Amperes circuital law
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27

enc
H.dl I J. ds = =
} }


( )
2
cnc
I J. r =

( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
H. 2 r J r
J.r
H
2
thus magnetic increases with r
for region r a
H 2 r J. a
J. a Ja
H
2 r 2r

=
=
>
=

= =


Magnetic field is proportional to
1
r


55. A hole radius b(b < a) is now drilled along the length of the wire at a distance d
from the centre of the wire as shown below.









The magnetic field inside the hole is
(A) uniform and depends only on d
(B) uniform and depends only on b
(C) uniform and depends on both b and d
(D) non uniform
Answer:- (B)

Q. No. 56 -60 Carry One Mark Each

56. Which one of the following options is the closest in meaning to the word given
below?
Latitude
(A) Eligibility (B) Freedom (C) Coercion (D) Meticulousness
Answer:- (B)

r
a
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28
57. One of the parts (A, B, C, D) in the sentence given below contains an ERROR.
Which one the following is INCORRECT?
I requested that he should be given the driving test today instead of
tomorrow.
(A) requested that (B) should be given
(C) the driving test (D) instead of tomorrow
Answer:- (B)

58. If ( ) ( ) ( )
1259 2062 3321
1.001 3.52and 1.001 7.85, then 1.001 = = =
(A) 2.23 (B) 4.23 (C) 11.37 (D) 27.64
Answer:- (D)
Exp:- let 1.001 = x

1259 2062
3321 1259 2062
x 3.52andx 7.85
x x .x 3.52x7.85 27.64
= =
= = =


59. Choose the most appropriate alternative from the options given below to
complete the following sentence:

If the tried soldier wanted to lie down, he _________ the mattress out
on the balcony
(A) should take
(B) shall take
(C) should have taken
(D) will have taken
Answer:- (C)

60. Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence:

Given the seriousness of the situation that he had to face, his __ was
impressive.
(A) beggary
(B) nomenclature
(C) jealousy
(D) nonchalance
Answer:- (D)
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29
Q. No. 61 -65 Carry Two Marks Each

61. The data given in the following table summarizes the monthly budget of an
average household.

Category Amount (Rs)
Food 4000
Clothing 1200
Rent 2000
Savings 1500
Other expenses 1800

The approximate percentage of the monthly budget NOT spent on saving is
(A) 10% (B) 14% (C) 81% (D) 86%
Answer:- (D)
Exp:- Total budget = 10,500
Expenditure other than savings = 9000
Hence,
9000
86%
10500
=

62. A and B are friends. They decide to meet between 1 PM and 2 PM on a given day.
There is a condition that whoever arrives first will not wait for the other for more
than 15 minutes. The probability that they will meet on that day is
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/16 (C) 7/16 (D) 9/16
Answer:- (C)













OB is the line when both A and B arrive at same time.
Total sample space = 60 x 60 = 3600
Favourable cases = Area of OABC - Area of PQRS
2p.m C
1.15 S
1P.M
o
P 1.15
2P.M
A
Q
B
R
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All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission.

30
=
1
3600 2 45 45 = 1575
2
| |

|
\ .


1575 7
The required probability =
3600 16
=

63. One of the legacies of the Roman legions was discipline. In the legions,
military law prevailed and discipline was brustal. Discipline on the
battlefield kept units obedient, intact and fighting, even when the odds
and conditions were against them.

Which one of the following statements best sums up the meaning of the above
passage?
(A) Through regimentation was the main reason for the efficiency of the Roman
legions even in adverse circumstances.
(B) The legions were treated inhumanly as if the men were animals.
(C) Discipline was the armies inheritance from their seniors.
(D) The harsh discipline to which the legions were subjected to led to the odds
and conditions being against them.
Answer:- (A)

64. Raju has 14 currency notes in his pocket consisting of only Rs.20 notes and Rs.
10 notes. The total money value of the notes is Rs.230. The number of Rs. 10
notes that Raju has is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 10
Answer:- (A)
Exp:- Let the number of Rs. 20 notes be x and Rs. 10 notes be y
20x + 10y = 230
x + y = 14
x=9 and y=5
Hence the numbers of 10 rupee notes are 5

65. There are eight bags of rice looking alike, seven of which have equal weight and
one is slightly heavier. The weighting balance is of unimited capacity. Using this
balance, the minimum number of weighings required to identify the heavier bag
is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (4) 8
Answer:- (A)
Let us categorize the bags in three groups as

A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
B
2
B
3
C
1
C
2


1
st
weighing A vs B
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written permission.

31
Case -1 Case -2
A
1
A
2
A
3
= B
1
B
2
B
3
A
1
A
2
A
3
= B
1
B
2
B
3


Then either C
1
or C
2
is heavier Either A or B would be heavier(Say A >B)

2
nd
weighing
C
1
vs C
2
A
1
vs A
2

If C
1
> C
2
, then C
1
If A
1
= A
2
, then A
3

If C
1
< C
2
, then C
2
If A
1
> A
2
, then A
1

If A
1
< A
2
, then A
2

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