I. Present Perfect 1.

Form Positive
- I, WE, YOU, THEY + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE - HE, SHE, IT + HAS

Negative
- I, WE, YOU, THEY + HAVE NOT/ HAVENT + PAST PARTICIPLE - HE, SHE, IT + HAS NOT/ HASNT

Interrogative
- HAVE - HAS + I, WE, YOU, THEY + PAST PARTICIPLE + HE, SHE, IT

2. Usage a. An action which began in the past and has consisted up to the present. E.g. - They have lived here for five years now. - The child has been ill since yesterday. b. An action which happened at an indefinite time in the past. E.g. E.g. - Mr. Clark has traveled around the world - We have seen this play several times. c. An action which was repeated several times in the past.

Exercise 3: Supply the correct tense, present perfect or simple past, of the verbs in parentheses. 1. When I last saw him, he (be) in good health. 2. She (do) very little work recently. 3. Miss Clark (be) with this company for two years now. 4. As soon as he (save) five hundred thousand dollars, he will retire from business.

5. When I was a boy, every holiday (seem) ideal. 6. The patients condition (improve) considerably since last night. 7. My brother (serve) in the army in 1980s. 8. Jenny (study) French for a few months last year. 9. You ever (ask) yourself what makes life beautiful and worth living? 10. We (not hear) from her for nearly six months. 11. Is John in? No, he (go) to the cinema. 12. Men (travel) since they first (appear) on the earth. 13. Tom (meet) Mary in 1998 and they (be) good friends since then. 14. A bus (just, come) round the corner. Perhaps wed better take it. II. Simple Future 1. Form Positive
I, WE I, WE, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY + SHALL + + WILL VERB

Negative
I, WE I, WE, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY + SHALL NOT/SHANT + + WILL NOT/WONT VERB

Interrogative
SHALL + I, WE + WILL + I, WE, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY VERB

2. Usage a. A prediction about the future, usually with the verbs think, believe, e.g.pect, etc., the expressions be sure, be afraid, etc., and the adverbs, perhaps, certainly, probably, etc. E.g. - His parents think he will become an artist one day b. An on-the-spot decision and offer.

E.g.

- Will you go shopping with me now? and which we cannot control.

c. An action/ event/ situation which will definitely happen in the future E.g.: Jill will be two years old next month. d. A promise, threat, warning, request, or hope. E.g.: I hope pollution levels will drop soon. III. Near Future 1. Form: a. Positive
-I - HE/SHE/IT - YOU/THEY/WE + AM + IS GOING TO + VERB (infinitive) + ARE

b. Negative

-I - HE/SHE/IT - YOU/THEY/WE

+ AM NOT + IS NOT + ARE NOT

GOING TO + VERB (infinitive)

c. Interrogative
- AM I - IS HE/SHE/IT - ARE YOU/THEY/WE + GOING TO + VERB (infinitive)

2. Usage: a. for plans, intentions or ambitions we have for the future E.g.: I am going to employ more staff and expand my company. Thats the plan for next years operation. b. in predictions when there is evidence that something will happen in the near future. E.g.: Look at him! He is going to win the match. IX. Future Continuous 1. Form Positive
S + SHALL/WILL + BE + V_ING

 Negative
S+ SHALL NOT /SHANT WILL NOT/ WONT + BE + V_ING

Interrogative
SHALL/WILL + S + BE + V_ING

2. Usage a. A continuous action at a point of future time. E.g. - This time tomorrow, they will be flying to France. - I shall be waiting for you at 4 this afternoon. b. An action which will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement. E.g.: Ill be seeing Sam at the meeting tomorrow. Ill give him this message. c. When we ask politely about someones plans for the near future (What we want to know is if our wishes fit in with their plans) E.g.: - Will you be going out later? Could you get me a sandwich, please?

Exercise 5: Supply the correct tense-simple future, future continuous or near future - of the verbs in parentheses. 1. We (have) our exams next week. 2. At this time next week, all of you (sit) for your exams. 3. Professor Fox said to Erik: Goodbye, Mr. Grin. And I (see) you again at our open house this weekend. 4. Alfred has just been employed. He (work) in our office as a clerk next week. 5. When you return with the car, I still (pack) my suitcase. 6. They say that in 100 years time, life (be) far better than it is today. 7. If you dont do your lessons well, you (go) to bed without any dinner. 8. When it (be) convenient for you to start work? 9. My friend and I (get) up early tomorrow morning and go fishing. 10. Though there is violence all around, the world (not end). 11. He (dig) up the potatoes the day after tomorrow. 12. This time next week Ill be on holiday. I probably (lie) on a beautiful beach. 13. My sister (be) 20 years old this Saturday. 14. The new exhibition (open) on April 30 and (finish) on May 31. 15. Im really thirsty. I know. I (get) you a cup of water. 16. I am looking forward to my party. I hope every one (enjoy) it. 17. Aunt Maggie (come) to visit us tomorrow. 18. Why are you buying all those vegetable? Because I (make) vegetable soup.