1Theoretical aspects Parts of speech, The Article, The Noun

The Morphology

Parts of speech:
1. The Article 2. The Noun 3. The Adjective 4. The Pronoun 5. The Numeral 6. The Verb 7. The Adverb 8. The Preposition 9. The Conjunction 10. The Interjection

The Article

1. The definite article (articolul hotrt): THE

the ball, the window, the apple, the girl, the boy, the cat The Black Sea, The Pacific Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean, The United States of America etc.

2. The indefinite article (articolul nehotrt): A, AN

A before words starting with a consonant:

a dog, a flower, a wall, a car, a bear, a monkey, a coffee etc.

2Theoretical aspects Parts of speech, The Article, The Noun

AN before words starting with a vowel:

an ear, an idea, an elephant, an owl, an airplane, an egg etc.

3Theoretical aspects Parts of speech, The Article, The Noun

The Noun

Classification:

Common nouns dog, cat, bird, house, apple, water, boy, girl, umbrella, computer, pencil etc.

Proper nouns John, Julie, Europe, Asia, America, Romania, Monday, Saturday etc.

Collective nouns team, army, family, group, colony, bunch, crowd, class, audience, dozen etc.

Simple nouns boy, pen, tree, cat, dog, mouse etc.

Compound nouns snowball, schoolboy, snowboard, moonlight etc.

The gender of the nouns

Masculine

Feminine

actor boy

actress girl

4Theoretical aspects Parts of speech, The Article, The Noun

boyfriend brother bull father hero husband lord man policeman prince sir son uncle

girlfriend sister cow mother heroine wife lady woman policewoman princess madam daughter aunt

Common

artist author child dancer doctor driver friend guest journalist painter

5Theoretical aspects Parts of speech, The Article, The Noun

pilot reporter

The plural of the nouns

It is formed by the adding of s.

The letter can be read: [s]: books, pens, apples, letters, tables [z]: chairs, flowers, boys, girls, [iz]: buses, boxes, foxes, kisses, dishes

Nouns ending in o can form their plural in two ways: hero - heroes potato potatoes tomato tomatoes

-es:

-s:

casino casinos piano pianos radio radios photo photos

Nouns having only the plural form: glasses, scissors, trousers, clothes, pyjamas

Nouns having identical form both in singular and plural form:

6Theoretical aspects Parts of speech, The Article, The Noun

sheep, fish, deer, information, Chinese, news

Nouns with irregular plural: child children, person people, foot feet, mouse mice, tooth teeth

Nouns ending in y with a consonant before the y, change the y to ies: party parties, injury injuries, baby babies, gallery galleries

For nouns ending in s, -ss, -sh, -ch and x, add es: bus busses, glass glasses, brush brushes, match matches, fox foxes

Nouns ending in -f change the -f to v: knife knives, leaf leaves, life lives, elf - elves