VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY AARUPADAI VEEDU INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY, PAIYANOOR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING M.

E (POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING) PS1602 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS YEAR / SEM: I / I ACADEMIC YEAR: 2009 10 UNIT I: SOLUTION TECHNIQUE PART A 1. Define sparse system? 2. What are the types of storage schemes for sparse symmetric matrix? 3. What is meant by factorization? 4. Why the bus admittance matrix is sparse? 5. What is meant by sparse matrix? 6. What is L and U matrix? 7. What is meant by triangular decomposition? 8. What is meant by optimal ordering? 9. Write the advantages of gauss elimination method? 10. What is gauss elimination method? 11. What is forward elimination? 12. What is back substitution? 13. What is meant by pivot? 14. Why sparsity and its exploitations are very important in the formulation and analysis of power system problem? 15. What is the need of sparsity technique and optimal ordering? PART B
1. Explain about the successive or gauss elimination method.

2. Explain about the triangular factorization.

3.

the result using L = UTD. 4. Explain any two scheme of optimal ordering. 5. (i) Explain about the reducing storage scheme. (ii) Explain about the L and U matrix

2 1 3 Find the L and U triangular factors of the symmetric matrix M = 1 5 4 . Verify 3 4 7

6. Using gauss elimination method, solve the nodal equation of the given figure, to find the bus voltages. At each step of the solution find the equivalent circuit of the reduced coefficient matrix.

7. Using triangular factorization method, determine the solution vector of unknown voltages for the given figure.

. UNIT II: POWER FLOW ANALYSIS PART A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is the need of load flow study? Define voltage controlled bus, PQ bus and slack bus? What is the need of slack bus? What is jacobian matrix? How the elements of jacobian matrix are computed? Compare the Newton Raphson and Fast Decoupled Method? What are the advantages of continuation power flow method? What are the sensitivity factors available when PV bus adjustment? What are the advantages of NR method? What are the advantages of FDLF method?

10. Define ATC? 11. What is Total Transfer Capability? 12. What is Transmission Reliability Margin? 13. What is Capacity Benefit Margin? 14. What is basic principle of continuation power flow? 15. What is path following method? 16. What is need of selection of continuation parameter? 17. What is the advantage of CPF over conventional power flow algorithm? PART B
1. Explain Newton Raphson method with neat flow chart.

2. Explain Fast Decoupled Method and draw the flow chart. 3. Obtain the set of load flow equations at the end of firs iteration by using NR method for given figure.

4. Determine the power flow solution by using FDLF method for the given system and

apply the two iterations.

5. Explain about the mathematical formulation of continuation power flow method. 6. Explain about the ATC using power flow method? 7. (i) Explain the sensitivity factors for PV bus adjustment. (ii) Write the short notes on adjustment of PV buses.

UNIT III: SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS PART A 1. Classify the types of faults? 2. What is the need for short circuit or fault analysis? 3. Define positive sequence component? 4. Define negative sequence component? 5. Define zero sequence components? 6. What is fault impedance? 7. What is driving point and transfer impedance? 8. What is meant by pre-fault condition? 9. Define short circuit capacity? 10. What is the need symmetrical component? 11. What is the shunt type of fault? 12. What is the series type of fault? 13. What are the objects of short circuit analysis? 14. Define unsymmetrical fault and mention the types? 15. What is the symmetrical component of three phase system? 16. Draw the sequence diagram for star to star connected transformer? PART B 1. Explain the Z bus construction using bus building algorithm for line with mutual coupling? 2. Determine Z bus for the network as shown in figure by using bus building algorithm?

3. Drive the equation for bus voltage, fault current and line current both in 012 frame and abc frame for line to ground? 4. Drive the equation for bus voltage, fault current and line current both in 012 frame and abc frame for line to line? 5. Drive the equation for bus voltage, fault current and line current both in 012 frame and abc frame for double line to ground?

6. The one line diagram of a simple power system is shown in figure; neutral of each

generator is grounded through a current limiting reactor of 0.25/3 per unit on a 100 MVA base. The system data expressed in per unit on a common 100 MVA base in tabulated below. The generator is running on no load at their rated voltage and rated frequency with their emf in phase. Determine the fault current for a single line to ground fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance Zf = j0.1 p.u. Items G1 G2 TF1 TF2 TL12 TL23 TL31 Base MVA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Voltage Rating KV 20 20 20 / 220 20 / 220 220 220 220 X1 p.u 0.150 0.150 0.100 0.100 0.125 0.125 0.125 X2 p.u 0.150 0.150 0.100 0.100 0.125 0.125 0.125 X0 p.u 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.35 0.7125

7. The one line diagram of a simple power system is shown in figure; neutral of each

generator is grounded through a current limiting reactor of 0.25/3 per unit on a 100 MVA base. The system data expressed in per unit on a common 100 MVA base in tabulated below. The generator is running on no load at their rated voltage and rated frequency with their emf in phase. Determine the fault current for a line to line fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance Zf = j0.15 p.u. Items G1 G2 TF1 TF2 TL12 TL23 TL31 Base MVA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Voltage Rating KV 20 20 20 / 220 20 / 220 220 220 220 X1 p.u 0.250 0.250 0.150 0.150 0.125 0.125 0.125 X2 p.u 0.250 0.250 0.150 0.150 0.125 0.125 0.125 X0 p.u 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.35 0.6125

8. The one line diagram of a simple power system is shown in figure; neutral of each

generator is grounded through a current limiting reactor of 0.25/3 per unit on a 100 MVA base. The system data expressed in per unit on a common 100 MVA base in tabulated below. The generator is running on no load at their rated voltage and rated frequency with their emf in phase. Determine the fault current for a double line to ground fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance Zf = j0.25 p.u. Items G1 G2 TF1 TF2 TL12 TL23 TL31 Base MVA 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Voltage Rating KV 20 20 20 / 220 20 / 220 220 220 220 X1 p.u 0.50 0.50 0.150 0.150 0.125 0.125 0.125 X2 p.u 0.50 0.50 0.150 0.150 0.125 0.125 0.125 X0 p.u 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.5 0.125

UNIT IV: OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PART A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Define optimal power flow? What is security constraint of OPF? What are the method solutions for OPF? What is lambda iteration method? What is LPOPF? Write the application of OPF?

7. Write the lagrangian equation for the economic dispatch? 8. What are the control variables specified in OPF? 9. Difference between the Gradient and Newton method? 10. What are the advantages for Interior Point algorithm? 11. Why the penalty function ordered to the objective function of OPF? 12. What are the difficulties arise in the solution of Gradient and Newton method? 13. How the nonlinear cost function to be linearized for LP method? 14. What is linear sensitivity coefficient? 15. What is the need of sensitivity coefficient? 16. Write the power balanced equation for LP method with real power variables only? PART B 1. Explain about the Gradient method of OPF? 2. Given the 3-bus network shown in figure where real power losses should be minimized P3 + jQ3 = 2.0 + j 0.1 p.u By using gradient method to solve the optimal power flow. P2 = 1.7 p.u

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Explain about the Newton method of OPF? Drive the sensitivity coefficient of AC network model? Write the help of flow chart explain and drive the Linear Programming Method? Explain about the Interior Point algorithm? Explain about the security constraints of OPF with help of flow chart? Write the short notes about bus incremental cost? UNIT IV: VOLTAGE STABILITY ANALYSIS, STEADY STATE

PART A
1. Define voltage stability. 2. Define steady state voltage stability. 3. What is maximum deliverable power?

4. Why the unconstrained maximum deliverable power is not well suited for power system applications?

5. Write the equation for power and voltage relation ship.

6. What is the need of PV curve? 7. Define critical point in PV curve. 8. Define loadability limit? 9. Draw the steady state characteristics of SVC? 10. What is the need of reactive power compensation? 11. What is Static Var Compensation? 12. What is Series Compensation? 13. What is Shunt compensation? 14. Define VQ curve? 15. Define voltage instability. PART B
1. (i) Write the short notes on SLIB system. 2.

3. 4. 5.

(ii) Explain about the unconstrained maximum power. Explain about the following terms: (i) Maximum power deliverable for load power factor, (ii) Lossless transmission and (iii) Unity Power Factor. (i) Explain about the Maximum power derived from the power flow. (ii) Write the short notes on power voltage relationship. Explain about the PV curves. Explain about the VQ curve.