Seven Dipole Antenna(Yagi-UDA 7-element dipole Antenna)

Angle
( degrees)

Transmitted
signal(A)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

Received
signal(A)
Gain
75
37.45
74
37.37
73
37.22
66
36.35
59
35.48
46
33.22
37
31.39
26
28.35
17
24.68
9
19.19
2.6
8.38
0.5
-6.22
0.3
-10.48
0.6
-4.47
0.9
-0.98
1.6
4.15
2.2
6.75
2.9
9.28
2.2
6.76
1.1
0.79
1.8
5.23
2.3
7.28
1.6
4.58
1.3
2.27
1.1
0.89
3.4
10.63
1.5
3.66
0.9
-0.99
2.5
7.99
7.5
17.59
14
22.87
23
27.28
35
30.99
47
33.45
59
35.77
68
36.79

Plot of Seven Dipole Antenna(Yagi-UDA 7-element dipole Antenna)

Beam Width=80
Front to Back ratio=37.50/6.85=5.47
Gain of Antenna=37.50

Five Dipole Antenna(Yagi-UDA 5-element dipole Antenna)

Observation table:

Angle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340

Transmitted(A) Received(A) Gain

100
76
37.62
100
74
37.38
100
71
37.03
100
64
36.12
100
55
34.81
100
44
32.87
100
34
30.63
100
25
27.96
100
20
26.02
100
15
23.52
100
9
19.08
100
5
13.98
100
9
19.08
100
10
20.00
100
7
16.90
100
7
16.90
100
6
15.56
100
5
13.98
100
3
9.54
100
2.5
7.96
100
2
6.02
100
1
0.00
100
2
6.02
100
2
6.02
100
1.5
3.52
100
1
0.00
100
1.5
3.52
100
2
6.02
100
9
19.08
100
12
21.58
100
15
23.52
100
33
30.37
100
38
31.60
100
52
34.32
100
64
36.12

350

100

69

36.78

Plot of Five Dipole Antenna(Yagi-UDA 5-element dipole Antenna)

Beam Width=70
Front to Back ratio=37.62/9.54=3.94

Gain of Antenna=37.62

Single Dipole Antenna (/2 Dipole Antenna)

Observation table:
Angle
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340

Transmitted(A) Received(A)
Gain
100
75.9
37.60
100
74.9
37.49
100
73.8
37.36
100
69
36.78
100
58
35.27
100
46
33.26
100
39
31.82
100
23
27.23
100
9
19.08
100
1.5
3.52
100
7
16.90
100
19
25.58
100
36
31.13
100
48
33.62
100
58
35.27
100
68
36.65
100
76
37.62
100
79
37.95
100
82
38.28
100
88
38.89
100
87
38.79
100
85
38.59
100
81
38.17
100
74
37.38
100
53
34.49
100
46
33.26
100
35
30.88
100
22
26.85
100
10
20.00
100
2
6.02
100
5
13.98
100
20
26.02
100
31
29.83
100
39
31.82
100
53
34.49

350

100

66

Plot of Single Dipole Antenna (/2 Dipole Antenna)

Beam Width=70
Front to Back ratio=37.60/38.28=0.98
Gain of Antenna =37.60

36.39

Objective:
To perform polarization test
For polarisation test the position of the receiving antenna is changed from horizontal to vertical
while keeping the transmitting antenna in horizontal position.
The signal received by the receiving antenna is observed for the two cases.
Observations:
Received signal when receiving antenna is horizontal=75.9A
Received signal when receiving antenna is vertical=17.5 A
It is observed that when the polarisation of the transmitting and the receiving antenna differs by
90, then the detector antenna receives very much attenuated signal.

Objective:
To analyze variation of the radiation strength at different distances from the antenna.
Distance of the receiving antenna from the transmitting antenna is increased and the corresponding
received signal is observed for different distances.
Observations:
Distance of the receiving antenna from
transmitting antenna (in c.m)
28
45
60
75

Received signal(in A)
65
55
30
21

It is observed that the intensity of the received signal reduces as the distance is increased and it is
primarily due to radiation losses.
From the above we conclude that the dependence of the received signal with the distance of
detector from the distance of detector from the transmitter is nonlinear.

Objective:
To practice how to use the matching stub provided with the trainer.
Matching stub:
It is a piece of transmission line which is normally short circuited at the far end.
Stub has an input admittance which is pure susceptance and it is used to tune the susceptance
component of the line admittance.
The transmission of power to the load will be maximum when the load admittance matches with the
load admittance of the transmission line.
The admittance of the transmission line repeats at a distance of /2.
Hence the successive distance between the stubs for which a maximum occurs at the receiving end
will correspond to a distance /2.
Position of the stub at which 1st maxima occurs is 8.5c.m.
Position of the stub at which 2nd maxima occurs is 24c.m.
=2*(24-8.5)c.m.=31c.m.

Experiment 11: Antenna

Arun Yadav
Roll no. : 800225
Objective:
To study different types of antennas
(i)/2 Dipole Antenna
(ii)Yagi-UDA 5-element dipole Antenna
(iii) Yagi-UDA 7-element dipole Antenna
To measure the different parameters/characteristics of the
antennas:
(i)Radiation Pattern
(ii)Beam Width
(iii)Front to Back ratio
(iv)Gain
(v)Polarisation
(vi)Radiation strength variation with distance
(vii)Stub matching