Industrial Technology Research Institute

DVB-T2 technology overview

hsinan_hou@itri.org.tw 2010518

Agenda
q Introduce to second generation DVB broadcast standards
v History & evolution v New features in second generation DVB broadcast standards

q DVB-T2 technology overview

v Commercial requirement v Key features to physical layer v Stream distribution method & Aid for network optimization v Possible applied scenarios v Comparison and conclusions

q DVB-C2 technology overview

v Commercial requirement v Key features to physical layer v Impact on current system v Possible applied scenarios v Comparison and conclusions

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Digital terrestrial television distribution

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television
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Worldwide Analog Switch Off timetable

Country Austria Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia Slovakia System DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T ASO date 2010 2008 2011 2011 2009 2010 2007 2011 2008 2011 2012 2012 2012 2008 2009 2013 2012 2015 2012 Country Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland UK Ukraine Canada US Brazil Australia New Zealand South Africa China Hong Kong Japan Malaysia Philippines South Korea Taiwan System DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T ATSC ATSC SBTVD DVB-T DVB-T DVB-T DMB-T/H DMB-T/H ISDB-T DVB-T DVB-T ATSC DVB-T ASO date 2011 2010 2007 2008 2012 2014 2011 2009 2016 2010-2012 2012 2011 2015 2012 2011 2015 2015 2012 2010

SBTVB: Sistema Brasileiro de Televisao Digital (English: Brazilian Digital Television System) is an ISDB-based digital television standard for Brazil 4 Copyright ITRI

Digital dividends in other countries

source: Ofcom, Digital Dividend Review stakeholder event, Jan. 14th, 2008
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The effect of ofcoms decisions

source: Ofcom, Digital Dividend Review stakeholder event, Jan. 14th, 2008
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Opportunity to link implementation with DSO in UK

source: ofcom, The Future of Digital Terrestrial Television-Enabling new services for viewers, Feb. 19th, 2008
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T2 Commercial Requirements
qT2 should
vBe able to use existing domestic receive antenna and existing transmitter infrastructures
Primarily target services to fixed and portable receivers

vProvide a minimum of 30% capacity increase over DVB-T vProvide for improved SFN performance vProvide service-specific robustness vProvide for bandwidth and frequency flexibility vProvide means to reduce the peak-to-average-power ratio

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Coexist of DVB-T and DVB-T2

source: ofcom, The Future of Digital Terrestrial Television-Enabling new services for viewers, Feb. 19th, 2008
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DVB-T2 Overall Schedules and Milestones

2006
T2 Study Mission

2007 TM-T2 ad hoc group

T2 spec stable

2008

2009

2010

T2 lab & field trials

T2 VLSI development
Prototype FPGA demo at IBC

T2 Receiver development
First Prototype chip Equipment Test in Turin

HD T2 services
Equipment Test in London First commercial receivers
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DVB-T2 documents

Transmitter Identification for a second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2) (Processing)

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DVB-T2 architecture overview

Interface A TS Input programme signals Interface B T2-MI Interface C DVB-T2 Interface D TS SS4: T2 Demodulator SS5: MPEG Decoder

SS1: Video/ audio coders and statistical multiplexer

Centralised coding, multiplexing and distribution

SS2: T2Gateway

SS3: T2 Modulator

Input programme signals

SS3: T2 Modulator

SS4: T2 Demodulator

SS5: MPEG Decoder

Decoded output programme signals

SS1: Video/ audio coders and statistical multiplexer

Distribution network RF channel SS4: T2 Demodulator T2 receiver SS5: MPEG Decoder

Optional multiple coding & multiplexing

TR 102 773

EN 302 755

TR 102 831
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DVB-T2 frame structure

TSF Super Frame Super Frame Super Frame

TF T2-frame 0 T2-frame 1 T2-frame 2 FEF T2-frame NT2-1 FEF

TP1 P1

TS P2 0 P2 NP2-1

TS Data symbol 0 Data symbol 1 Data symbol 0 Data symbol 1 Data symbol 0 Data symbol 1 Data sym. Ldata-1

P1

P2

Common PLP

Data PLP Type 1

Data PLP Type 2

Other Symbols

FEF: Future Extension Frames PLP: Physical Layer Pipe Other symbols: auxiliary stream symbol, dummy cell symbol

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T2 System

qInput preprocessor
vSplit TS/GS to PLPs vExtract common PLP from TS/GS

qInput processing
vMode adaption vStream adaption
PLP: Physical Layer Pipe BICM: Bit Interleaved Coding & Modulation
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Spilt TS into TSPS and TSPSC

TS_1 TS_2 TSPS1 (PLP1) TSPS2 (PLP2) TSPS1 (PLP1) TS_1 TS_2 Normal MPEG demux & Decoder TS_N

Remux

DVB-T2 Physical Layer

(including NULL packet removal/ insertion)

TSPS2 (PLP2)

Mux

TS_N

TSPSN (PLPN) TSPSC (CPLP)

TSPSN (PLPN) TSPSC (CPLP)

Network processing

Receiver processing DVB-T2 PL with extension

TS: Transport Stream TSPS: Transport Stream Partial Stream TSPSC: Transport Stream Partial Stream Common
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Physical layer parameter comparison between DVB-T and DVB-T2

DVB-T Channel bandwidth (MHz) Mode Bandwidth Modulation FEC Code rate GI Interleavers Hierarchy System info. Transmit Diversity 5, 6, 7, 8 2K, 4K, 8K Standard 4, 16, 64-QAM CC + RS 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 Time, frequency, bit Yes TPS pilots Not specified DVB-T2 1.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K Standard, Extended 4, 16, 64, 256-QAM LDPC + BCH 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6 1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128, 1/4 Bit, time, cell, Frequency No P2 Time-Frequency slicing, Time slicing, MISO
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Modulation and Coding performance

q Capacity limits for simple Gaussian noise channel
v With LDPC can get close to theoretical limit

q Typically 30% gain in capacity compared with DVB-T codes.

Capacity Performance
10.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 C/N DVB-T2 QPSK DVB-T2 256-QAM DVB-T2 16-QAM Shannon Limit DVB-T2 64-QAM BICM Limit 20.0 25.0 30.0

Effective bits per Cell

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Block diagram of DVB-T2 chain

Interface A TS Interface B T2-MI Interface C DVB-T2 Interface D TS

Statmux TS

Basic T2-gateway TS

T2 modulator TS

T2 demodulator TS

MPEG decoder TS

T2S PHY SS1 PHY SS2

T2S PHY SS3 PHY SS4 PHY SS5

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T2-MI protocol stack

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DVB-T2 distribution network

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Why Large FFT Size?

q Flexibility of optimization for capacity and ruggedness
v Reduce GI overhead (= capacity gain) for given size of SFN
Example: for absolute length of GI = 224 s

v Increase SFN capability for a given fractional GI

E.g., 32K with GI = 1/8 (448 s) for large SFN

q Channel estimation via frequency interpolation only q Lower out-of-band power spectrum
v Bandwidth extension for further capacity gain

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Bandwidth Extension
qConcept: Out-of-band level decreases as FFTs get larger
vExtended carrier mode for 8K, 16K and 32K FFT sizes

qExample (8 MHz BW): +1.4~2.1% capacity

Normal Mode
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Extended Carrier Mode

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Higher order constellation

q T2 includes 256 QAM mode
v Carries 8 bits/ data cell
(c.f 6 bits / data cell for 64 QAM)

v Enables greater capacity, exploiting improved FEC performance of LDPC v Studies show that typical tuner phase noise should not be a problem

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Rotated Constellations
qConcept: Modulation diversity
vRotating a constellation introduces redundancy vUp to 5 dB gain on difficult channels (e.g., 0 dB echo)

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Rotated Constellations, cont.

q Normally, a QAM constellation is sent as a single complex number in one OFDM cell
v If it fades out, all its contents are erased

q Instead, send 2 PAM axes of rotated QAM in different cells

v different locations in frequency and/or time (by an appropriate delay ) v reduces probability both fail at once

q OFDM cells contain unrelated 16PAMs

v so look like 16 x16 = 256-QAM

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Issue of PAPR for OFDM Systems

q In-band distortion system performance degradation q Out-of-band radiation adjacent channel interference

Pout
Linear region

clipping
Saturation level

Pin

PAPR: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

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PAPR Reduction Method 1

q Active constellation extension (ACE)
v Constellation distortion to counteract peaks
Principle: outer constellation points be extended

v Without reducing the capacity v Better for lower-order QAM (e.g., QPSK, 16-QAM) v Example: Extended 16-QAM
Time- domain signal Vclip Clipping Constellation Extension/Recovery
Peak regrowth

power

power

time

time

power

time

Q-phase

Q-phase

I- phase

I- phase

Q-phase

I- phase

Original 16QAM signal

After clipping, constellation points are shifted

After constellation recovery

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PAPR Reduction Method 2

qTone reservation (TR)
v1% of carriers reserved to counteract any peaks
1K (10), 2K (18), 4K (36), 8K (72), 16K (144), 32K (288)

v Irrelevant to constellation order (complementary to ACE)

Data signal Vclip

time

Shifted Kernel

time

Peak-cancelled signal
Side- peak growth

time

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Time-Frequency Slicing (TFS)

qConcept

qAdvantages
vStatistical multiplexing gain in a large multiplex vIncreased frequency diversity
However, due to the complexity/spectrum issue, TFS has been made as an option of the T2-PHY Spec. (Annex E ).
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Multiple Input Single Output technology

RX

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Transmitter signaling identification

qTransmitter identification
vAuxiliary Cell method vSeamless handoff

qWireless environment measurement

vFEF method vOptimize the broadcasting network

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Auxiliary Cell method (1)

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Auxiliary Cell method (2)

P1

P2

Common PLP

Data PLP Type 1

Data PLP Type 2

Other Symbols

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FEF method

signature FEF

End of the previous T2 frame

P1

Other use period

First signature period

Second signature period

Start of the next T2 frame

Cyclic prefix

Signal waveform

Using GO code which has zero cross zone" property Up to distinguish 64 transmitters in a network Useful period: 65536T Guard period : 14546 T

cyclic prefix is copy of last part of the signature waveform

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GO (Generalized Orthogonal) code

q An ideal set of signature waveforms would have:
v perfect auto-correlation, rii ( ) = ( ) v zero cross-correlation, rij ( ) = 0, i j, all v but no such set exists

q But there is class of sets of discrete sequences which have a zero correlation zone
v cyclic ACF rii [0] = 1; rii [n] = 0,1 n Z 0 v cyclic XCF rij [n] = 0, Z 0 n Z 0 , all i j v these are called generalised orthogonal

sequence length N, with M sequences in a set

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Multiplexing national services and local services

Local service area Local service area

National service area

Local service area

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Multiplexing fixed reception and mobile reception

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Potential capacity increase compared DVB-T mode in UK (MFN)

DVB-T in UK Modulation FFT size Guard Interval FEC Scattered Pilots Continual Pilots NOTE 1 P1 overhead NOTE2 Bandwidth Capacity
NOTE 1: NOTE 2:

T2 256QAM 32K 1/128 3/5LDPC + BCH 1.0% 0.53% 0.53% Extended 36.1 Mbit/s

64QAM 2K 1/32 2/3 CC + RS 8.3% 2.6% 1.0% Standard 24 Mbit/s

includes only Continual Pilot cells which are not also Scattered Pilots TPS for DVB-T; L1-signalling, P1 and extra P2 overhead for DVB-T

Capacity = DVB-T + 50%

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Potential capacity increase for an SFN mode

DVB-T (SFN) Modulation FFT size Guard Interval FEC Scattered Pilots Continual Pilots NOTE 1 P1 overhead NOTE2 Bandwidth Capacity
NOTE 1: NOTE 2:

T2 256QAM 32K 1/128 3/5LDPC + BCH 4.2% 0.39% 0.65% Extended 33.2 Mbit/s

64QAM 8K 2/3 CC + RS 8.3% 2.0% 1.0% Standard 19.9 Mbit/s

includes only Continual Pilot cells which are not also Scattered Pilots TPS for DVB-T; L1-signalling, P1 and extra P2 overhead for DVB-T

Capacity = DVB-T + 66%

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Better performance
qImprove receiver performance
vChannel bandwidth = 8 MHz, FFT = 8K, GI=1/4
DVB-T Effective bits per cell Modulation Code rate Required SNR in P1 Ch Required SNR in P1 Ch Modulation Code rate Effective bits per cell 2.80 64QAM 3/4 CC 27.5 21.5 16QAM 3/4 CC 1.87 DVB-T2 2.99 16QAM 3/4 LDPC 12.2 20.0 256QAM 2/3 LDPC 5.31

-15.3 dB

2.84x

QEF: less than one uncorrected error-event per transmission hour at the level of a 5 Mbit/s single TV service decoder (PER<10-7)
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Conclusions (1/2)
qBetter performance
vOn the same bandwidth efficiency (~3bps/Hz), DVB-T2 has 15 dB less SNR than DVB-T. In term of coverage, DVB-T2 can cover about 5 times of DVB-T. vOn the same signal coverage (SNR~20dB), DVB-T2 is more 2.44 (bps/Hz) throughput than DVB-T, e.g. 19.52 Mbps in 8 MHz channel or 2 HDTV streams (H.264, 1920x1080p, 30f, ~10 Mbps, action movie or sport) vMISO (Multiple Input Single Output) improves the performance furthermore
v Spectrum efficiency is 6.65 bps/Hz at most 256-QAM, 5/6, not take into account loss due to signaling / synchronization / sounding and Guard interval.

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Conclusion (2/2)
q Cheaper expense
v Longer guard interval larger coverage less transmitters less capital expense
DVB-T2 extend the guard interval to 2.375 times of the DVB-T at most

v Each transmitter signal is measured independently more easy to optimize and monitor network less operation expense v Extend limit of the distribution network delay

q Flexible frame structure

v Support TDM mode so that national services and local services could be integrated in the same RF channel v Support FEF mode so that broadcasting services and other services could be integrated in the same RF channel v Seamless handoff when crossing different service transmitters

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Commercialization of DVB-T2 (1/2)

q UK
v Guided by ofcom and leaded by BBC v BBC began the worlds DVB-T2 compliant test transmissions on 27/06/08 from Guildford transmitter v Decide to adapt MFN for DVB-T2 in October, 2009, the throughput is 40 Mbps
32KE, 256QAM, CR=2/3, GI=1/128, BW=8 MHz, PP7, SISO, 40.2146 Mbps

v The official launch of the service on April 3 and run through until the World Cup (3rd April, 2010)
Channel 4 HD, S4C Clirlun(Wales), channels BBC HD, ITV1 HD

q Austria
v Oesterreichische Rundfunksender (ORS) v on UHF channel 65 from the Kahlenberg transmitting station near Vienna v began on the 12th April and will continue for 12 months (18th April 2010)

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Commercialization of DVB-T2 (2/2)

q Sweden
v The Swedish Radio and Television Authority (RTVV) plans to allocate licenses in June and services are set to launch by the end of the year. The services will use DVB-T2 in combination with MPEG-4 AVC (3rd May 2010)

q Finland
v Finnish operator DNA Oy has announced that it will launch two DTT HDTV multiplexes in VHF band III using the DVB-T2 standard and MPEG-4, H.264 AVC coding (14th December 2009)

q Germany
v Germanys national DTT operator, Media Broadcast, is assessing equipment for its DVB-T2 trial and has recently chosen T-VIPS Advanced DTT Solutions to link DVB-T headends with DVB-T2 modulators. The test case is SFN in Lower Saxony (29th March 2010)

B21C(Broadcasting 21 Century ): a task of CELTIC (Cooperation for a sustained European Leadership in Telecommunications) and the major objective is to conceive and concentrate the foundations for Broadcast for the 21st Century.
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References
q http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television q Ofcom, Digital Dividend Review stakeholder event, Jan. 14th, 2008 q Ofcom, The Future of Digital Terrestrial TelevisionEnabling new services for viewers, Nov. 21th, 2007 q Ofcom, The Future of Digital Terrestrial TelevisionEnabling new services for viewers, Feb. 19th, 2008 q Ofcom, Digital Television: Enabling New ServicesFacilitating efficiency on DTT , Apr. 3rd, 2008. q DTG, DTG Response to Ofcom Consultation: The Future of Digital Terrestrial Television, Jan. 30th, 2008 q http://dvb.org/technology/dvbt2/index.xml

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