South African Anti-Apartheid leader and first black President Nelson Mandela.

Pictured burning his

"pass" which was required for blacks to carry with them to identify their race and area of the
country. They were not permitted to travel to another region without a passport.
Nelson Mandela was a dominant figure in the South African liberation movement,
burning his pass as a peaceful protest. The twentieth century in South Africa is something
that unfortunately cannot be retrospectively looked at with pride, because of the practice
of apartheid that separated people according to race or color. Apartheid had similarities
to segregation in the American South, but was much worse. In addition to not being able
to vote and separation from the whites in public businesses, blacks (which made up
seventy percent of the population) were forced to live in a small area of the country, and
could not leave without a pass, which very few people had and were very hard to get.
The government segregated public facilities such as education and medical care.
Blacks were forced to be separated from Whites with inferior facilities.
Black or Colored populations were forced to live in Townships such as Soweto, Langa,
Khayelitsha,
District six which were living areas reserved located near urban areas.
Also, apartheid laws were explicitly stated laws, which South African blacks were forced
to follow for nearly fifty years.
Nelson Mandela rose up as leader of the African National Congress and major speaker
against the
evils of Apartheid, becoming the voice of the movement to end apartheid. The use of
passes came
into effect when Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd developed the policy of separate
development, in
which the nine African groups that lived in South Africa were moved from the urban areas
into the
country areas. If the Africans wanted to travel anywhere, or work, they needed a pass
showing that
they were allowed out of their designated section. If found without their passes, or
traveling outside of
the regulated boundaries, they were arrested and put in jail for a minimum of 30 days.
These passes
were used to keep the Africans in check, to regulate their ability to move and their
freedom. To the
DOCUMENT 1 : NELSON
MANDELA AND APARTHEID
people of South Africa, the passes represented lost freedom.

1- The Natives (Urban Areas) Act of 1923
2- Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, Act No 55 of 1949
3- Immorality Amendment Act, Act No 21 of 1950; amended in 1957 (Act Population Registration
Act, Act No 30 of 1950
4- The Group Areas Act, Act No 41 of 1950
5- Bantu Authorities Act, Act No 68 of 1951
6- Natives Laws Amendment Act of 1952
7- Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act, Act No 67 of 1952
commonly known as the Pass Laws
8- Separate Representation of Voters Act, Act No 46 of 1951
9- Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act of 1953
10- Bantu Education Act, Act No 47 of 1953
11- Reservation of Separate Amenities Act, Act No 49 of 1953
12- Extension of University Education Act, Act 45 of 1959
13- Bantu Homelands Citizens Act of 1970
Which of these Apartheid Laws gave South Africans separate
sections for each ethnicity ?
Other races were forbidden to live, work, or own land in a different
ethnics group area. N :
Which of these established ten self-governing territories for
different black ethnic groups and compelled all black people to
become a citizen of the homeland ?
These territories were called homelands. All Black South Africans,
regardless of where they lived, were made citizens of the homelands, and
they werent allowed to take part in the governing of South Africa
N :
DOCUMENT 2 :
Apartheid Legislation in South Africa
Starting in 1948, the Nationalist Government in
South Africa enacted laws to define and enforce
segregation.
READING TASK: Read the main
laws described below and then do
the QUIZ to check your
understanding.
According to which of these, all non-whites had to carry a special
passport that proved their permission to be in white areas ?
N :
Which of these prohibited strike action by blacks ?
N :
According to which of these black people were not allowed to
marry White . N:
According to which of these, black people were denied the same
standard of education as their white counterparts?
N :
Which of these forced segregation in all public places, public
buildings and public transport with the aim of eliminating contact
between whites and other races? "Europeans Only" and "Non-
Europeans Only" signs were put up.
N :
Which of these laws led to the removal of Coloureds from the
common voters' roll and eventually deprived Blacks of voting
rights ? N :
O In order to enforce Apartheid laws , "Europeans Only" and "Non-
Europeans Only" signs were put up. Here are some of the signs
that used to be found in South Africa at the time of Apartheid. How
did these signs affect Non-European people living in South
Africa ?
With the help of the documents you have read, write down a
caption under each sign.
YOU WILL MAKE USE OF THE VERBS FROM THE TOOLBOX
AND THE PASSIVE FORM
to compel contraindre to forbid interdire
to allow autoriser
to grant (the right ) accorder (un droit) to require
exiger/ ncessiter/avoir besoin
to deny nier/refuser (qch qn) to deprive priver
(of/de) to force forcer/obliger
BLACK SOUTH AFRICANS AND
APARTHEID LAWS
LETS
PRACTISE!
C C
.
C C C
.
C
..
O Considering what you have just learnt and taking the
documents provided into account , write your own definition of
Apartheid in the form of a paragraph written in the passive
form so as to describe the hopeless situation of Black and
Coloured South Africans when Apartheid was in practice in the
Rainbow Nation.