GREETINGS Phrases Formal Greetings 1. Hello, Dr./Mr./Ms. Last name 2. Good morning, Dr./Mr./Ms. Last name 3.

How are you? Informal 1. Hi, first name 2. How s it going? How are you doing? How are you?

Response Hello. Good morning. Fine, thank you. Not very well.

Hi, first name. Fine O.K. Alright. Not bad. Not so well. 3. What s up? Not so much What s new? Nothing special I got headache/cold/a flue. Usually when someone says How are you? , he expect you to say Fine . However truthfully only to close friends if you don t feel well. Dialogues Formal 1. A. Hello, Dr. Martin B. Hello, John. How are you? A. Fine, thank you. How are you B. Fine, thank you. By the way, how is your wife? A. Oh, she s a little homesick. B. That s too bad. 2. A. Good morning, Maria. B. Oh, good morning, Mr. Firman. How are you? A. Not very good. I think I m catching the flu. B. Oh, I m so sorry. I hope you feel better soon. Informal 1. A. Hi, Joe B. Hi, Sam. How s it going? A. O.K. How about you? B. Not bad. By the way, how s your wife? A. Homesick. B. That s too bad. 2. A. Hi, Linda B. Hi, Judy. How are you doing? A. Not so good. I think I m catching the flu. B. That s too bad. I hope you feel better soon. Situations Structured 1. Dr. Fina: Good morning, Luis. How are you this morning? Luis: Dr. Fina: Not very well. I think I m catching a cold again. Luis: 2. Diego: Hi, Maria, how s it going? Maria: Diego: Have you studied for your grammar test yet? Maria: Semi structured 1. A. Hello, John. I heard you weren t feeling very well. B. A. B.

2. A. Hi, Elis. What s new? B. A. B. Unstructured 1. It s 9:00 a.m. Greet Mrs. Thomas who is going to give you a test today. 2. Greet your friend Hossein and ask him about the party you both went to last night. 3. Greet Mona. Mona has been sick for several days.

PARTINGS Phrases Formal 1. Good bye Dr/Mr./Ms Last name 2. I hope to see you again sometime 3. Have a nice weekend vacation evening 4. I really must be going leaving Informal 1. Bye. So long 2. See you later Tomorrow In class. At 3:00. 3. Have a nice day Weekend Vacation Evening 4. I ve got to go Dialogues Formal 1. A. Goodbye, Dr. Marvin. B. Goodbye, Susan. A. Have a nice weekend. B. Thank you, the same to you. 2. A. I really must be leaving. Thank you for the extra help on the problems. B. You re welcome, Rosa. A. Goodbye. B. Goodbye. Informal 1. A. Bye, Pete B. So long, John. A. Have a nice weekend. B. Thanks. You too. 2. A. I ve got to go. Thanks for the extra help on the problems. B. Sure, anytime. A. See you in class tomorrow. Bye. B. See you. Situations Structured 1. A. Goodbye, Miss Brown. B. A. Oh. Good luck on your test tomorrow. B. 2. A. I really must be leaving. I ve got a class at 11:00. Goodbye. B. A. Oh. Good luck on your test tomorrow. B.

Semi structured 1. A. Bob, I d like to talk longer, but I ve got to go. B. A. B. 2. A. O.K. We ll meet at the coffee shop at 7:30 then. B. A. B. Unstructured 1. You are leaving the University and may never come back. Say goodbye to the Department Chairman whom you don t know very well. 2. You are talking to Bob and suddenly you remember you have an appointment in five minutes. 3. You are in a hurry. You see Maria, your classmate. Maria is very pretty and you want to talk with her but don t have much time. 4. Prof. Davis is helping you with an assignment and it is late. Tell him goodbye and thank him for his help. 5. Greet your good friend Maria. You haven t seen her for several weeks.

INTRODUCTIONS For formal introductions, the woman is usually introduced to the man. Where this rule is not applicable, the older person is introduced to the younger person; or in other cases the person with the highest rank is introduced to the person with lower rank. It is very common to shake hands when you are introduced. If a woman is present, she should extend her hand first. Phrases Formal 1. On meeting a. Dr./Mr./Ms last name (or first and last name), I would like to introduce you to Dr./Mr./Ms last name (or first and last name). b. Dr./Mr./Ms last name (or first and last name), I would like to meet Dr./Mr./Ms last name (or first and last name). He / She is a high school science teacher. the chief of the police a civil engineer a good friend of mine c. Let me introduce myself. d. How do you do. (No answer expected) How do you do. e. It is pleasure to meet you. 2. On parting a. It was nice meeting you b. I hope to see you again. c. Goodbye. Informal 1. On meeting a. First name this is First and last name this is b. Hi, my name is . . . . 2. On parting a. Nice meeting you. b. Bye So long See you Dialogues Formal 1. A. Mr. Johnson, I would like you to meet Mr. Baker. He s the Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Johnson: How do you do.

first name. first and last name.

Mr. Baker: It s a pleasure to meet you. I ve heard a lot about you. 2. A. Oh, excuse me, let me introduce myself. My name is Joseph Johnson. B. How do you do, Mr. Johnson. My name is George Harris. A. Please call me Joe. B. Call me George. Informal 1. A Dave Tom Dave Tom Dave

: Dave, this is Tom, my roommate. : Hi, tom, how are you doing? : Fine, Dave. : We ll have to get together sometime. : Good, nice meeting you. : Same here. So long.

Situations Structured 1. A. Mr. Katz: I would like you to meet Dr. Lewis, Associate Professor of Economics B. C. It s pleasure to meet you. 2. A. Hi, my name s Nancy. B. A. Do you think you ll like this class? B. Semi structured 1. A. Joe, this is Bill Adams, a good friend of mine. B. C. 2. A. Let me introduce myself. My name is Robert Harris B. A. B. Unstructured 1. Introduce yourself to Carol, a pretty, new girl in your class. 2. Introduce Ismail, a good friend of yours, to Mohammed. Tell Ismail some things about Moehammed. 3. Introduce Ismail, a good friend of yours, to Mohammed. Tell Ismail some things about Mohammed. 4. Introduce yourself to Mr. Parson, the foreign student advisor. Ask him how to find an apartment. Then tell him goodbye. 5. Greet Prof. Davis at 900 a.m. 6. You have been talking with Joan. Excuse yourself politely and say goodbye. TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS Phrases Formal Statement 1. Hello - goodbye 2. Is Dr./Mr./Ms Last name there? 3. May I speak to him/her Dr./Mr./Ms Last name please 4. I m afraid you have the wrong number. 5. Would you please speak a little louder? 6. I m sorry, Dr./Mr./Ms last name isn t home. 7. Can you call again later? Can I have her/him call you back?

Response Just a minute please. Who is it please? May I ask who is calling?

Informal 1. Hello. (Always answer hello when you answer the telephone. 2. Hi Bye See you later/tomorrow

3. Is first name there? 4. Can I talk to first name please?

Sure/yes Hold on

Request for using a telephone If you are in a public place, you should always ask for the nearest pay phone. Don t ask to use a private phone. 1. Pardon me, could you tell me where the nearest pay telephone is? 2. Is there a pay phone near here? Dialogues Formal 1. A. Hello. B. Hello. Is Dr Half there? A. May I ask who s calling? B. This is Jose. A. Thank you. Just a minute, please. 2. A. Good morning, Dr. Whitehall s office. B. Hello. I would like to speak to Dr. Whitehall. A. I m sorry. He s out of the office right now. Would you like to leave a message or would you prefer to call back? B. When will he be back? A. In an hour or so. B. O.K. I ll call him back later. Thank you. A. Mm hmm. Goodbye. B. Goodbye. Note: If a student calls a professor who is out of the office, it is not customary for the professor to return the call. The student can either leave a message or call again later. 3. A. Hello. B. May I speak to Linda, please? A. I m afraid you must have the wrong number. B. I m sorry. (Hang up) Informal 1. A. Hello B. Hi, Carol, this is Chen. Can I talk to John, please? A. Sure. Hang on. 2. A. Hello. B. Hi, Ibrahim. This is Mohammed. How about going out to supper with me tonight? A. I can t. I ve got a paper due tomorrow. What about tomorrow night instead? B. Fine. I ll stop by your apartment at 6:00. A. Good. See you then. B. Bye. Request for using a telephone. 1. A. Pardon me, could you tell me where the nearest pay phone is? B. Just go out that door and turn to your left. A. Oh, thank you. B. You re welcome. 2. A. Excuse me, is there a pay phone near here? B. Are you making a local call? A. Yes. B. Why don t you use my phone? It s over there on my desk. A. Oh, thank you. B. It s O.K. Situations Structured 1. A. B. Hello. Is Dr. Joseph there? A. Yes, he is. May I ask who s calling? B.

A. just a minute please. 2. A. B. Nancy. Is Linda there? A. B. O.K. Thanks. Semi Structured 1. A. B. Hello. Is this 44339439? A. B. 2. A. Good morning. Linguistics Department. B. A. B. Structured 1. Call Louisa and ask her to give you the assignment for the electronics class which you missed. 2. Call the police Department and report that you have been robbed. 3. Call the foreign student officer and ask Mr. Jones how to find a doctor. You are very sick. 4. Call Susan. Nancy answers the phone. Ask to speak to Susan. 5. You are in the University library. Ask a librarian if you may use the telephone. 6. Introduce Ibrahim to your sister (your sister is very pretty).

ASKING AND GIVING DIRECTIONS Phrases Asking and giving directions is usually formal because you are talking with strangers. 1. Questions a. Excuse me, can you tell me how far it is to Fifth Avenue? Pardon me, how to get to the way to if this is the right way to which bus goes to the best way to 2. Responses: a. Go straight ahead. b. Turn left. Take a left. c. It s on the right hand side. left hand side d. It s about 3 blocks from here a three minutes walk a mile four stop lights e. You can t miss it f. You ll run right into it. Dialogues 1. A. Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Second Street? B. Sure. Go straight ahead for about three blocks. Turn right sycamore Avenue, and walk until you get the first stop light. That s Second. A. Thank you very much. B. It s nothing 2. A. Pardon me, can you tell me if this is the right way to Schenley Park? B. I haven t the faintest idea, sorry. I m new here myself. A. O.K. Thank you anyway 3. A. Excuse me, can you tell me where the County Health Department is? B. It s downtowns. Take a number 71A bus from this corner toward town and get off at Smith p the Road. Walk up the hill and you ll run right into it. You can t miss it.

A. Thanks. Situations Structured 1. You are at the university. A. Pardon me, can you tell me how to get to the Post Office? B. Certainly. Just follow this street two blocks. Then take a left and the Post Office will be on the your right. 2. You are at the Book Center A. Excuse me, which bus goes downtown? B. I m sorry. I m afraid I can t help you. A. B. Semi-Structured 1. You are at the language lab. A. Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the library? B. A. B. 2. You are in the Foreign Student Office. A. Pardon me, how far is the library from here? B. A. B. Unstructured 1. Ask for direction to the nearest supermarket. 2. Ask for directions to the Foreign Student Office from your classroom. 3. Ask how far it is to the airport from the university. 4. Ask which bus to take to go downtown from the university. 5. Tell your classmate. Chen, goodbye. You are returning home to your country and will probably never meet Chen again.

INVITATIONS Phrases Formal 1. The invitation: a. I would like to invite you to .. .. .. b. Would you like .. .. .. 2. Accepting the invitation: a. Thank you I ll be glad to come. I ll be glad to very much. b. It s nice of you to invite me. 3. Refusing the Invitation: a. I m very sorry but . . . . . b. I would like very much to go but . . . . . c. It s very kind of you to invite me but . . . . d. I hope you ll invite me again sometime. Informal 1. The invitation: a. Can you come to . . . b. How about going to . . . 2. Accepting the invitation: a. Thanks. I d love to / I d like to 3. Refusing the invitation: a. Thanks but . . . b. I m sorry but . . .

c. I d love to but . . . d. Can I take a raincheck? Note: Concerning informal invitation, the person who does the inviting to a movie, coffee, dinner, etc, is not necessarily obligated to pay for everything. If the invitation is stated Let s go out for coffee. Or How about going out to lunch Thursday, usually both people pay separately. If the invitation is stated: Let me treat you to have coffee/lunch/etc., then the inviter intends to pay. Also if a man invites a woman, as a date, the man is expected to pay. Dialogues Formal 1. A. I would like to invite you a reception at my house at 8:30 Friday evening. Can you come? B. I ll be glad to come, but I might be a little late. A. Please don t worry, Just come when you can. B. Thank you. It s nice of you to invite me. 2. A. Would you like to join us for dinner tomorrow evening at the Steak House? B. I d love to but I m afraid I ll have to say no. I m going to Washing DC for the weekend. A. Oh, I m sorry. We ll make another time. B. Good. Thank you very much for the invitation anyway. Informal 1. A. Can you come to a party at my place Friday evening? B. Thanks. I d love to. What time? A. About 8:00 B. I ll be a little late. Is that O.K.? A. Sure. Come when you can. B. Thanks. See you there. 2. A. How about going to dinner with us at the Steak House? B. I m sorry, but I m going to DC for the weekend. A. What about next Friday instead? B. Great. I ll count on it. A. Is 6:00 all right with you? B. Fine. Situations Structured 1. A. I would like to invite you to a small party at my house. Can you come? B. I d love to but when is it? A. B. 2. A. I m going home to visit my family this week end, would you like to ride along? B. I m awfully sorry but I had another program. A. Oh, I am sorry. I ll invite you again sometime. B. Thank you, it s very nice of you to invite me. Semi Structured 1. A. Do you have time for coffee after class? B. A. 2. A. Would you like to go on a picnic with us Saturday at 12:00 B. A. B. Unstructured 1. Invite B to dinner be sure to include the time and day. 2. Ricardo asks you to go to a movie tomorrow night. Refuse politely. 3. You are a department chairperson. Ask Rosa if she can attend a lecture. Be sure to include time and date. 4. Ask directions to the Registrar s office from your classroom. 5. Call Mohammed and ask him for the assignment for tomorrow in pronunciation.

MISUNDERSTANDING Phrases Formal 1. I beg your pardon? Pardon me? Excuse me? 2. Excuse me, what did you say? 3. I m afraid I don t understand you. 4. Would you mind repeating what you said? 5. Thank you. 6. Oh, I see./understand. Informal 1. What? Huh? I m sorry, what did you say? What was that again? 2. Oh. Dialogues Formal 1. A. Class, put away your books and get out a piece of paper and a pencil. B. Excuse me, Mr. Jones, what did you say? A. I said that we re going to have a Quiz B. Oh, I see. 2. A. I d like to pay for the dress by check if it is alright. B. Do you have identification? A. Pardon me? B. Do you have any identification with you? A. Oh, yes, Will a driver s license do? B. Certainly. Informal 1. A. Joe, I d like you to meet a friend of mine, Tom Brandenburb. B. Sorry, I didn t get you last name, Tom. A. Brandenburg. B. Oh, Brandenburg. Nice to meet you. 2. A. Ahmed, have you studied for your sociology test yet? B. Huh? What d you say? A. Have you studied your sociology yet? B. Are you kidding? I haven t even finished reading yet. Situations Structured 1. A. Mr. Porta, I d like you to meet Nancy Anderson. B. I m sorry. I didn t get your last name. A. Oh. . . . . . . . B. . . . . . . 2. A. Question number two is: Why was the soldier so sad? B. Excuse me. . . . . . . A. B. Semi structured 1. A asks B what he is doing after class. A. B. What did you say? A. B. 2. A is a clerk. She tells B that the books cost $5.84.

A. B. I m sorry, how much? A. B. Unstructured 1. Tell A your cell phone number. A doesn t remember it. 2. Tell B what time it is. B doesn t understand your question. 3. Ask B for a date and tell her the time. B doesn t hear the time. 4. Greet Susan and ask her to go for coffee with you. 5. Introduce yourself to Roberto, a new classmate.

EATING AT A RESTAURANT Phrases Ordering at a restaurant is usually formal as you don t know the waitress/waiter. 1. Waitress/Waiter a. May I help you? b. Would you care for a drink before dinner? c. May I take your order? d. How would you like your meat? Note: The waitress/waiter expects you to say either: rare, medium, or well done. e. Potatoes? f. Vegetable? g. Salad dressing? Note: To these questions the waitress/waiter expects to tell her what kind of potatoes, dressing, etc, you want. h. Anything to drink? i. Is everything all fight here? j. Will there be anything else? 2. Customer a. We haven t decided what we want yet. b. We re ready to order now. I d like . . . c. Excuse me please, could we/I have some more . . .? d. Is tea/coffee/dessert included with the dinner? e. May I have the bill please? Dialogues 1. Waitress: May I take your order? A: We re not quite ready yet, thank you. Waitress: O.K. I ll come back in a few minutes. 2. Waiter: May I help you? A: Yes, I d like the New York Steak Dinner. Waiter: How would you like your meat? A: Medium. Waiter: Potatoes? A: Mashed. Waiter: Vegetable? A: I ll take the green beans Waiter: Salad? A: The tossed salad with Italian dressing. Waiter: Anything to drink? A: Yes. Coffee, please. 3. Waitress: Is anything all right here? A: Yes, thank you. Everything is delicious. Oh, I would like some more water. Waitress: Just a minute. 4. Waitress: Will there be anything else? Desert? A: No, thank you. Could I have the bill please? Waitress: Certainly.

10

Situations Structured 1. Waiter: May I help you? A: Yes, I d like . . . . Waiter: Anything to drink? A: . . . 2. Waiter: May I take you anything else? A: Could I have some more . . .? Waiter: Of course? A: . . . 3. Waitress: May I take your order? A: Yes, I d like the White Fish Dinner. Waitress: Vegetable or salad? A: . . . Waitress: Potatoes? A: . . . Waitress: Anything to drink? A: . . . Unstructured For the unstructured situations, you will be asked to pretend you are in a restaurant. You will order lunch and /or dinner from the menu. Your instructor will act as a waiter/waitress unless you are familiar with the situation and can act out the waiter/waitress yourself.

EXCUSES AND APOLOGIES Phrases Formal 1. Excuse me, please. Pardon me. I m very sorry I m sorry I beg your pardon. 2. Excuse me for being late I m sorry I m late Excuse me for a moment, please I m sorry I forget to call I m sorry I didn t come answer your letter inform you I m sorry, but I must leave early. 3. I apologize I apologize for losing my temper Please excuse my behavior yesterday. I m sorry. I didn t mean to hurt your feelings. Informal 1. Excuse me. I m sorry Sorry. 2. Sorry I m late Sorry I forgot to

Response Of course Certainly

That s quite all right. Think nothing of it.

That s quite all right Think nothing of it. Don t worry about it.

call write come tell you Just a minute. I ll be right back.

It s OK Don t worry sure It s all right

3. Sorry about yesterday I m sorry about what happened yesterday.

11

Note: Ask your instructor to discuss with you the differrent kinds of situations that require apologizes or excuses, e.g. being later or forgetting to write which require only a single statement as opposed to more serious situations, e.g., losing your temper or hurting someone s feeling which requires a more extensive apology. Dialogues Formal 1. A. Good morning. Louisa. B. Good morning. Please excuse me for being late. I overslept. A. Certainly. Now, let s continue. Read your answer for number 3, John. 2. A. Miss Larson? B. Yes? A. Please excuse me for losing my temper in class yesterday. B. That s quite all right. Was something troubling you? A. Yes, I had just gotten a letter from a friend of mine and I guess I was more upset than I thought. Informal 1. A. How was your vacation, Maria? B. I had such a good time. I hated to come back. A. Did you get my postcard? B. Yes, thanks. And I meant to write to you, too but I was just so busy, I m sorry. A. That s O.K. I knew you probably didn t have much time. 2. A. Hey, John. I m sorry about what happened yesterday. B. That s O.K. It was my fault. A. No. I was just in a bad mood, that s all. 3. A. I m glad you re still here. Sorry, I m so late. B. Don t worry. The bus hasn t come yet. A. I was just walking out the door when the phone rang. It was my mother . . . well, you know how my mother talks. B. I m surprised you weren t later. Situations Structured 1. A. How was your vacation? B. Great. Hey, thanks for the postcards. A. Sure, But I didn t get any from you! B. Don t think nothing of it. It is my fault. 2. A. Good morning, Carlos. B. Good morning, Mrs. Wilson. A. Class started fifteen minutes ago. B. Semi-Structured 1. A. Hey, where were you last night? B. I was waiting for you to call to tell me what the address was. A. B. 2. A. Why did you get so angry at me this morning? B. A. B. Unstructured 1. You re in class and suddenly you don t feel well. 2. Apologize to Pete for yelling at him. 3. You are at a friend s house for dinner. You must leave early to study for a test for the next day. 4. You had an appointment with your advisor. Professor Johnson, at 10:30. You didn t get there until 10:50.

12

5. You told Fred you would come over to study with him last night, but you forget. He sees you and asks you why you didn t come.

HIDING FEELINGS Phrases Note: The following phrases (1-4) are used to avoid hurting someone s feelings, (5) to avoid sounding like a complainer, and (6) to avoid an argument or to politely introduce and argument. Many of the phrases are appropriate in both formal and informal situations. Ask your instructor for further explanation. 1. The cake is very good, but I m dinner soup dessert Your new dress is very coat hat house It s nice, but I think I prefer . . . Jose seems nice like an interesting person like he s got a sense of humor quite intelligent I m feeling all right. I can t complain. I could be worse. I have felt better. I m sure I ll feel better tomorrow. I can see your point. I guess you re right. I agree, but . . . not very hungry. full. not well. interesting. unusual nice

2.

3. 4.

but I don t know him very well yet.

5.

6.

Dialogues Formal 1. A. How do you like my new dress? B. Oh, it s very unusual. A. Shall I wear it to dinner tomorrow night, or shall I wear the blue and white one? B. They are both nice, but I think I prefer the blue and white dress. 2. A. That was quite a party last night. B. It sure was. Did you have a chance to meet Bill Jameson? A. Just for a few minutes. B. what did you think of him? A. He seems quite intelligent, but I really only just met him. 3. A. Bob, you don t look very well. Are you sick? B. Well, I have felt better. A. Take it easy B. Thanks. I will. Don t worry. I m sure I ll feel better tomorrow. Situations Structured 1. A. Carol, I need some help. B. What s the matter? A. I can t decide what dress to wear to the party. What do you think? B. 2. A. Don t I look different? B. No . . . Oh! You got your hair cut! A. I thought you d never notice. Do you like it? B.

13

Semi-Structured 1. A. who was that girl that talked so much at the party? B. Oh, that was Susan Demian, an old friend of mine. A. B. She s a sweet girl. Why, didn t you like her? A. 2. A. Pier, you haven t your cake! B. A. Oh, but I made it especially for you. B. Unstructured 1. You are invited to an American home for dinner. You don t like the salad but you eat it. They offer you some more. 2. Your good friend is wearing a horrible shirt. He just bought it and asks you how you like it. 3. Your mother tells you that you don t look well. She asks you how you feel. You feel terrible but you want to go to the ball came and don t want her to know. 4. Your roommate, Wendy, is getting married to a man you really can t stand even for a few minutes. She asks you to go to dinner with them to celebrate.

COMPLIMENTS AND CONGRATULATIONS Phrases Formal

14