WHY DO WE FALL ILL HEALTH- IT is a state of social, physical. And mental well being.

COMMUNITY HEALTH- It is the maintenance protection and improvement or overall well-being of health of the whole community. PERSONAL HEALTH- It is the state of physical, mental, and social well-being of an individual. Various activities involved in maintaining community health are as follows i) Maintaining sanitation of the environment by providing pure and safe drinking water and proper disposal of sewage. ii) Providing facilities for prevention and control of communicable diseases such as arranging vaccination campaigns, Identification and isolating diseased cases, and giving treatment. Providing maternity and child health services. Providing school education, community health education, nutrition education and family welfare. Disease Disturbed state of body or mind is called disease. Acute diseases i) Are the diseases which last for only very short period of time? ii) The patient recovers completely after the cure. iii) There is no loss of weight or feeling tiredness afterwards. iv) There is short duration loss of work and efficiency. CHRONIC DISEASES Are the diseases which last for along time even as much as a life time? The patient does not recover completely. There is often loss of weight or feeling of tiredness. Infectious and Noninfectious diseases Communicable diseases can spread from one person to another by various means like contact, water, air, food etc.These diseases are caused by biological agents called pathogens. Pathogens are organisms which cause diseases e.g. VIRUSES, BACTERIA, PROTIZOAN, HELMINTHES, FUNGI etc. Introduction of disease causing organisms into the Body from a person suffering from the disease is called infection. The non-communicable diseases are confined to the persons only, and do not spread from one person to another by contact or any other transmission. So these are called non-infectious diseases. These diseases are caused by various agents. Principles of treatment i) To kill the cause of diseases. ii) To reduce the effect of the diseases. Antibiotics. They are chemical substances Produced by living organisms such as bacteria and fungi, which can Kill or stop the gro0wth of some pathogenic microorganisms. VECTOR An organism which carries germs from sick person to some other person acting as intermediator. VACCINE The suspension of killed or weakned microorganisms in an appropriate medium are called a vaccine. VACCINATION The inoculation of a vaccine into the body to produce immunity is called vaccination. IMMUNISATION The production of active immunity through vaccination is called immunization.

DISEASES CAUSED BY MICROBES Bacterial diseases 1. Tuberculosis Commonly called T.B .Which may attack any part of body but most commonly affected organs are lungs. Mode of infection Droplet infection through coughing, sneezing, talking and spitting. It also spreads on contact with sputum and through contaminated food water, or clothes. SYMPTOMS Fever, cough, bloody sputum, pain in the chest, loss of body weight. Cure and prevention A prolonged antibiotic treatment is essential. Rest, balanced diet, drugs, hygienic conditions, rehabilitation and health education.BCG vaccination for prevention and protection. 2. CHOLERA It is dreaded disease during fairs, and after floods. It infects alimentary canal. Mode of infection and spread-Through contaminated food, drinks or water and direct contact. It is water borne disease. Symptoms Acute diarrhea, vomiting, rapid dehydration, muscular cramps and suppression of urine. Cure and prevention Water with a pinch of salt and sugar is to be given orally, and as frequently a possible To control dehydration. TYPHOID It is an infectious disease caused by a rod shaped motile bacteria found in the intestine of human beings. Symptoms HEADACHE, typhoid fever or continuous high fever PREVENTION AND CONTROL Proper sanitation, disposal of faecal matter, TAB vaccination. Diseases caused by viruses 1. Chicken pox It is a disease which can occur among adults and children. It affects all over the body. Symptoms Dewdrop like rashes (pox) accompanied by fever, uneasiness and aches. Cure and prevention Apply calamine lotion .One attack will produce permanent immunity. POLIO It is a serious nervous disease resulting in paralysis. This occurs in children. It infects throat, intestine, blood and finally neurons of the spinal cord.It infect through food or water and multiply in the cells of the intestinal wall. Symptoms Severe headache, muscle pain and weakness. Paralysis of limbs Weak and slender legs. Cure and prevention Not fully curable and makes the child handicapped. Oral polio vaccine on 6,10,14 weak of babyhood followed by the first booster dose before the age of 3 and 8 years gives immunity. AIDS HIV causes this disease .It