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Chapter 29 Homework
Due: 8:00am on Thursday, March 11, 2010
Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy. [Return to Standard Assignment View]

Electric Potential Ranking Task

In the figurethere are two point charges, and . There are also six positions, labeled A through F, at various distances from the two point charges. You will be asked about the electric potential at the different points (A through F).

Part A Rank the locations A to F on the basis of the electric potential at each point. Rank positive electric potentials as larger than negative electric potentials. Hint A.1 Definition of electric potential Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Conceptualizing electric potential Hint not displayed Rank the locations from largest to smallest potential. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

View Correct

Conceptual Question 29.13

The figures show three points in the vicinity of two point charges. The charges have equal magnitudes. Part A Rank in order, from most positive to most negative, the potentials to on the figure a.

Rank the potentials in decreasing order. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

ANSWER:

View Correct

Part B Rank in order, from most positive to most negative, the potentials to on the figure b.

Rank the potentials in decreasing order. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

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ANSWER:

View Correct

Problem 29.8
A water molecule perpendicular to an electric field has 1.501021 Part A What is the strength of the electric field? ANSWER: 2.42108 N/C Correct more potential energy than a water molecule aligned with the field. The dipole moment of a water molecule is .

Electric Potential and Potential Energy

A particle with charge 8.001019 Part A The particle, initially at rest, is acted upon only by the electric force and moves from point a to point b along the x axis, increasing its kinetic energy by 1.441018 . In what direction and through what potential difference Hint A.1 does the particle move? How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Electric potential Hint not displayed Hint A.3 Find the change in potential energy of the particle Hint not displayed ANSWER: is placed on the x axis in a region where the electric potential due to other charges increases in the +x direction but does not change in the y or z direction.

The particle moves to the left through a potential difference of The particle moves to the left through a potential difference of The particle moves to the right through a potential difference of The particle moves to the right through a potential difference of The particle moves to the left through a potential difference of The particle moves to the right through a potential difference of Correct

1.80 1.80 1.80 18.0 18.0 . . . 1.80 .

. .

Thus, if no forces other than the electric force act on a positively charged particle, the particle always moves toward a point at lower potential. Part B If the particle moves from point b to point c in the y direction, what is the change in its potential energy, Hint B.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed ANSWER: ?

1.441018 1.441018 0 Correct

Every time a charged particle moves along a line of constant potential, its potential energy remains constant and the electric field does no work on the particle.

Electric Potential Energy of Three Point Charges

Part A Three equal point charges, each with charge 1.30 , are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose sides are of length 0.600 . What is the electric potential energy of the system? (Take as zero

the potential energy of the three charges when they are infinitely far apart.) Hint A.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Find the electric potential energy of one pair Hint not displayed Hint A.3 How many interactions are there?

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Hint not displayed Use = 8.851012 ANSWER: for the permittivity of free space. = 7.5910 Correct
2

The potential energy is usually written . This means that all pairs of charges (1-2, 1-3, and 2-3) will interact, but no charge can interact with itself ( For example, , will be counted, while , will not. ), nor can any pair be counted twice as a result of the condition for all possible pairs.

Problem 29.12
Part A What potential difference is needed to accelerate a Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 2.510 Correct
4

ion (charge

, mass 4 ) from rest to a speed of 1.1106

Problem 29.19
A 1.60 Part A What is the potential difference across the capacitor? ANSWER: 133 V Correct 1.60 parallel-plate capacitor has a 1.90 spacing. The electric field strength inside the capacitor is 7.00104 .

Part B How much charge is on each plate? ANSWER: 1.591010 C Correct

Problem 29.45
In the figure, a proton is fired with a speed of 200,000 from the midpoint of the capacitor toward the positive plate.

Part A Show that this is insufficient speed to reach the positive plate. ANSWER: My Answer:

Part B What is the proton's speed as it collides with the negative plate? ANSWER:
5

= 2.9610 Correct

Potential of a Finite Rod

A finite rod of length has total charge , distributed uniformly along its length. The rod lies on the x -axis and is centered at the origin. Thus one endpoint is located at in place of the expression . , and the other is located at

. Define the electric potential to be zero at an infinite distance away from the rod. Throughout this problem, you may use the constant

Part A What is , the electric potential at point A (see the figure), located a distance above the midpoint of the rod on the y axis?

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Hint A.1

How to approach the problem Hint not displayed

Hint A.2

Find the electric potential of a section of the rod Hint not displayed

Hint A.3

A helpful integral Hint not displayed

Express your answer in terms of ANSWER: =

, , , and .

Correct

If

, this answer can be approximated as .

For

. For this problem, this means that the logarithm can be further approximated as

, and the expression for potential reduces to

. This is what we

expect, because it means that from far away, the potential due to the charged rod looks like that due to a point charge.

Part B What is , the electric potential at point , located at distance from one end of the rod (on the x axis)?

Hint B.1

How to approach the problem Hint not displayed

Hint B.2

Find the distance from point B to a segment of the rod Hint not displayed

Give your answer in terms of , ANSWER: =

, , and .

Correct

This result can be written as .

As before, for

. Thus, for

, the logarithm approaches

, in which case the result reduces to

. This is what we expect, because it means that from far away, the potential

due to the charged rod looks like that due to a point charge.

Potential Energy of a Battery

Learning Goal: To understand electrical potential, electrical potential energy, and the relationship between them. Electric potential and electric potential energy are related but different concepts. Be careful not to confuse the terms. Electrical potential energy relative to other charges. The electric potential charge has an electric potential energy , the electric potential at the location of is . Recall that the gravitational potential energy ( ) of an object of mass depends on where you define . The difference in gravitational potential energy between two points is the physically is the potential energy that a charge has due to its position

at a specific position is a measure of the amount of potential energy per unit charge a particle of net charge

would have at that position. In other words, if a

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relevant quantity. Similarly, for electric potential energy, the important quantity is the change in electric potential energy: say that the potential of a car battery is 12

. This is why we often just measure the potential difference .

. When we

, we mean that the potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of the battery is 12

Consider dropping a ball from rest. This ball moves from a state of high gravitational potential energy to one of low gravitational potential energy as it falls to the ground. Similarly, charges move from a state of high electric potential energy to one of low electric potential energy.

Part A Mustang Sally just finished restoring her 1965 Ford Mustang car. To save money, she did not get a new battery. When she tries to start the car, she discovers that the battery is dead and she needs a jump start. While unhooking the jumper cables, the positive and negative cables almost touch and a spark jumps between the ends of the cables. This spark is caused by the movement of electrons through the air between the battery terminals. In what direction are the electrons traveling? Hint A.1 Another way to think about the movement of charge Hint not displayed ANSWER: The electrons are traveling from Correct terminal.

The positive terminal is at a higher potential than the negative terminal. Unless provided with energy, positive charges will flow from a high to a low potential, and negatively charged electrons will flow from a low to a high potential. The table below summarizes this movement. Direction of motion high to low potential low to high potential

Since potential difference is the energy per unit charge, it is measured in units of energy divided by charge. Specifically, potential difference is generally measured in volts (whose symbol is equal to one joule per coulomb: Part B There is a 12 .

). One volt is

potential difference between the positive and negative ends of the jumper cables, which are a short distance apart. An electron at the negative end ready to jump to the positive end has a certain

amount of potential energy. On what quantities does this electrical potential energy depend? Hint B.1 The expression for electric potential energy Hint not displayed ANSWER:

the distance between the ends of the cables the potential difference between the ends of the cables the charge on the electron the distance and the potential difference the distance and the charge the potential difference and the charge the potential difference, charge, and distance Correct

Part C Assume that two of the electrons at the negative terminal have attached themselves to a nearby neutral atom. There is now a negative ion with a charge electric potential energy of the negative ion relative to the electron? ANSWER: The electric potential and the electric potential energy are both twice as much. The electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is the same. The electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is twice as much. The electric potential and the electric potential energy are both the same. The electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron. The electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron. Correct at this terminal. What are the electric potential and

Part D What is the electric potential energy of an electron at the negative end of the cable, relative to the positive end of the cable? In other words, assume that the electric potential of the positive terminal is 0 that of the negative terminal is . Recall that . and

Enter your answer numerically in joules. ANSWER: = Correct

Part E At the negative terminal of the battery the electron has electric potential energy. What happens to this energy as the electron jumps from the negative to the positive terminal? ANSWER: It disappears. It is converted to kinetic energy. It heats the battery. It increases the potential of the battery. Correct

Just as gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when something falls, electrical potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when a charge goes from a high potential energy state to a low potential energy state. Part F

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If you wanted to move an electron from the positive to the negative terminal of the battery, how much work Hint F.1 Formula for work

would you need to do on the electron?

Hint not displayed Enter your answer numerically in joules. ANSWER: = Correct

Because moving a negative charge from the positive to the negative terminal of the battery would increase its electric potential energy, it would take positive work to move the charge. This is simliar to lifting a ball upward. You do positive work on the ball to increase its gravitational potential energy.

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 107.1%. You received 69.95 out of a possible total of 70 points, plus 4.99 points of extra credit.

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