OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

General Objective To compare the obstetric outcome after epidural labor analgesia among nulliparous and multiparous women. Specific objectives i. To compare the obstetrical outcomes in terms of cesarean section versus spontaneously delivery rates. ii. iii. To compare the duration of the 1st and 2nd stages of labor after epidural anesthesia. To determine the association between early (cervical dilatation <3cm) and late (cervical dilatation >3cm) epidural analgesia with the duration of labor.

Based on your data, obstetrical outcome refers to the birthweight (kg), am I right? In your first specific objective, you have to determine whether there is a significant difference in the obstetrical outcomes between cesarean section and spontaneously delivery rates. Question: Do we have to compare this in monthly basis? (your data were tabulated in months) or do we have to consolidate all the data as a whole. Statistical tools (underlined terms) to be used: 1. Mean for each type of delivery. 2. If we have to test this by months, we have to test for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test) since respondents are less than 30 for each month. In this, we can identify if we have to use either Nonparametric or Parametric tests. 3. If we have to consolidate the data as a whole, it is more than 30 respondents, automatically we have to use Parametric test, that is T-test for two independent samples or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) One-way Classification for two or more populations will also do. Its nonparametric equivalent is Mann-Whitney U Test for two Independent Samples. For the second objective, we have to compare if the duration (in hours) for the 1st and 2nd stages of labor after epidurial anesthesia is significantly diffirent. Question: Are all your respondents had epidural anesthesia? Statistical tools (underlined terms) to be used:

1. Mean for each stages. 2. Parametric test: T-test for paired or matched samples Nonparametric Test: Wicoxon Signed Rank Test for Paired Samples. For the third objective, we have to determine if epidural analgesia (either early or late) is significantly associated/related with the duration of labor. Questions: 1. Are the observations for epidural analgesia (either early or late) are the data in the IE during EPID (cm)? 2. How to measure duration of labor? Is it the sum of hours between 1st stage and 2nd stage of labor? Statistical tools (underlined terms) to be used: 1. Chi-Square test of independence if epidural analgesia is categorized as early and late, we have to categorize also the duration of labor into short and long durations (you have to provide me the ranges of hours for short and long durations). 2. If we have to use the raw data (that is, uncategorized)for cervical dilatation in cm and duration of labor in hours, we will use the following: Parametric test: Pearsons r correlation coefficient Nonparametric Test: Spearman rank correlation coefficient.

For the tabulation, in preparation for the analysis, kindly see the attached sample in .xls format. If you will provide me your complete data, I will prepare your tables for your results including analysis and statistical interpretations. If you have inquiries, you can text/call me at 09206283217. MARITESS DELFIN-VILLANUEVA