ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT ON

HIMACHAL SORANG POWER PRIVATE LIMITED

SUBMITTED TO:Mrs. Kanika Sofat

SUBMITTED BY:Apil Sharma Mehnaz Bhullar Prince Garg

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SNo

Title

Page No

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Introduction Company Profile Project Description Research Methodology Environment Management Plan Construction Environment Management in Road construction Health Environment Air Environment Management Land & Aquatic Environment Green Belt Development Conclusion & Recommendation Bibliography Questionnaire

1 4 6 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22

1.

HOSPITAL PROFILE

Indus is a premier hospital of North India with two super-speciality hospitals, one rural charitable hospital, two diagnostic centers and a world-class dental implantology clinic. With an experience of more than 20 years we take pride in consistent delivery of World-Class Specialty Treatment. Indus Healthcare made a very modest beginning from a small charitable Hospital and nursing home in the border district of Ferozepur in Punjab. This effort was continued in the form of a new hospital in the upcoming city of Mohali in 2001. Indus Multi- Specialty Hospital, a 35bedded facility soon gained the reputation for its quality healthcare at fair prices. High incidence of cancer in Punjab and lack of quality treatment in the region fuelled the efforts in the direction of cancer cure. This tireless labour bore fruit in the form of 100- bedded state of the art dedicated cancer centre in the heart of the city of Mohali in 2008. Today, Indus Super Specialty Hospital is equipped with dual energy linear accelerator with electrons with IMRT, Stereo-tactic Radio surgery and brachy therapy. The hospital proudly boasts of having one of the best diagnostic facilities in the tri-city. Ours is one of the very few centers performing intervention radiology procedures in this region.

1.2

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF STUDY

The objective of the study is to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the INDUS Super Speciality Hospital to meet the environmental compliances laid down by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India. The scope of study would be as per the EIA guidelines outlined by the MoEF for hospital projects. The study would include the assessment of adverse impacts related to the location, design, construction and operation of the project. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be prepared that includes mitigation measures, including evaluation of alternatives to reduce or mitigate/eliminate the impacts that likely to cause most significant environmental burdens.

Scope of Study
Environmental Impact assessment
y y y y y y To assess the impact of the project on Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise levels and Socio economic status of area. To assess the impact of the projects on public health, quality of life etc. during construction and operation of the project. To assess the impact on human settlement in project influenced area. To assess impact on infrastructure such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, road, etc. To prepare environmental management plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts due to the project. To prepare environmental monitoring plan for construction and operational phases.

Statutory Requirements
y y To obtain NOC from Punjab Pollution Control Board. To obtain NOC from the ministry of environment and forest (MOEF) for environmental clearance.

LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS

The principal environmental regulatory, agency in India is the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), New Delhi that formulates environmental policies and accords environmental clearances for different projects. This section describes all relevant existing legal and institutional framework related to environmental management of infrastructure development projects in India including clearance requirements as per Government of India. Table 1.1 highlights the relevant environmental legislations.

Table 1.1 Legal Framework S.no Legal framework

Objectives/Highlight s of framework Environmental legal Framework

1. Water(Prevention and control of Pollution) Act1974

Applicability

2.

3.

Water(Prevention and control of Pollution) Cess Act1974 Forest (conservation) Act 1980, forest conservation rules, 1981 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982

4.

Prohibits the discharge of pollutants into water bodies beyond a given standards, and lays down penalties for non-compliance Provides for a levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by industries and local authorities Restrictions on conversions of Forest for uses other than reforestation, including use for roads Provides means for the control and abatement of air pollution.

Applicable

Applicable

Not Applicable

Applicable

5.

6.

Environment (Protection) Act 1986 (EPA) followed by amendment in may 1994 (Schedule-1) Environmental impact

7.

Defined the procedures for Applicable conducting meetings of the boards, the powers of the presiding officers, decision-making etc Ensure that appropriate Applicable measures are taken to conserve and protect the environment before commencement of operations. Under it's ambit, 32 types Applicable of industries

Assessment notification no. S.O. 60(E)994,

are liable to opt for Environmental clearance from MoEF, by

3

8.

The Environment (Protection) 1986

Rules,

9.

Hazardous waste Management (Management Handling) Rules, 1989

10.

Bio medical waste(management and handling rules, 1998)

providing adequate EIA report Lay down the procedures Applicable for setting standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants Providing for making Applicable effective procedures inventory control, handling and disposal of hazardous waste. Provide for setting up of disposal sites/landfill sites design, operation and closure Provide for collection, Applicable segregation, storage, treatment and disposal of biomedical wastes according to the standards and procedures

11.

Wildlife protection Act 1972

Protection of wildlife Not Applicable (wild animals, defined plants and birds) in either National Parks or sanctuaries

Social Legal Framework 12. Land Acquisition Act 1894

Provides for the acquisition of Not Applicable land for public purposes and for companies and for determining the amount of compensation to be made on such acquisition.

Other Relevant Legal Framework

13. Central Vehicles Act, 1988 Motor To control vehicular air and Applicable noise pollution. To regulate development of the transport sector, check and control vehicular air and noise pollution Provides for the preservation of Not ancient and historical Applicable monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance

14.

The Ancient Monuments And Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958

Handling of Radioactive Isotopes

15. 16. Atomic Energy Act, 1962 Atomic Energy (Radiation Protection) Rules, 2004 Handling and use of radioisotopes Applicable Handling and use of radioisotopes Applicable and management and prevention of harmful radiation generated from therein Surveillance of Radiations Applicable generated in any premises associated with handling of radioactive substances Sets out safety methods for Applicable radiation/nuclear medicine laboratories

17.

18.

Radiation Surveillance Procedures for Medical Applications of Radiation , 1989 AERB Safety Code No. AERB/SC/MED (Rev-1), 2001

PROJECT DESCRIPTION NEED OF THE PROJECT

Improvements in national economy and literacy rates have changed the patterns and extent of use of health services in the country. Now, people are increasingly becoming concerned about their health and are acquiring the ability to make a deliberate choice of the health services they need. Also, staffs' benefits in government, trade and industry and third party financing of medicare through voluntary and social insurance are further augment this demand. Moreover, India is a signatory to the "Alma Ata" declaration (1978) and is committed to attain the global objective of "Health for All . Thus, in order to augment and back up balanced development of health care services in the country, to achieve the above objective, private investment in health care is being welcomed especially at the tertiary level and upgraded secondary level care where investments are highly capital intensive. It is in this scenario that the proposed Hospital-cum-Research Institute will have social relevance and develop lead models for delivery of high quality medical care, which are efficient, affordable and humane.

PROJECT LOCATION
The project site is located in Mohali in State of Punjab.

INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
The infrastructure requirement for the hospital project has been broadly classified into the following two heads: Basic Infrastructure: It includes water, storm water drainage, power, parking, road and streetlight. Environmental Infrastructure: It comprises of sewerage system, bio-medical solid waste management and green areas / landscaping. and

Basic Infrastructure Requirement Construction Material

The major materials required for construction of the proposed project will be steel, cement, bricks, metal, flooring tiles/stones, wood, sanitary and hardware items, electrical fittings, water, etc. All the items to be used in the proposed project will be as per the national building code specification. Water During the construction stage, water will be sourced primarily through tankers arranged by the contractor. During the project operational stage, water shall primarily sourced though Punjab Water Supply Deptt. Permission from concerned authorities is sought in this regard.

Back-up Power Supply

Install Diesel Generating Sets for back-up power supply to the hospital. DG sets shall be silent sets housed in approved acoustic enclosures, so as to control the noise pollution to 75 db at 1 m Distance. The DG sets will be located in the first basement. DG Sets will only for emergency power back up for the casualty and necessary medical units

Parking Provisions
An adequate parking space is being provided for vehicles with in the project site. In the project parking provisions for about 600 of the vehicles are made at ground level. Parking area is dispersed all about the premises and is planned with adequate green cover and lights arrangement.

Road and Street light

Adequate street lighting provisions are made

Environmental Requirement
Sewerage System
It is proposed to connect all the soil and waste pipelines from the toilets, laundries, kitchen, pantries, and internal toilets will be connected to a horizontal header at the ceiling of the first basement and then led out to sewage treatment plant located in upper basement of the hospital complex. The sewage treatment plant will have 150 KLD capacity and the treated water from the sewage treatment plant will be reused for cooling and horticultural purpose. The water requirement for the hospital will also reduce due to sewerage treatment plant.

Municipal and Bio-medical waste generation

It is envisaged, that about 480-500 kg of solid waste will be generated from the project, and in this about 48-50 kg of Bio-medical waste will be generated. Suitable collection, storage, and disposal methods will be employed before handling over solid waste to municipality and bio-medical waste.

Administrative Provisions in Waste Minimization

The kitchen and laundry operations are to be outsourced to authorized agencies, with considerable reputation in this regard. This will ensure lesser consumption of water and generation of less waste water.

IDENTIFICATION AND PREDICTION OF IMPACTS INTRODUCTION

Assessment of impacts depends on the nature and magnitude of the activity being undertaken and also on the type of pollution control measures that are envisaged as part of the project. As the hospital is spread over 3.15 ha comprising of hospital complex with ultra modern technology to deliver high quality medical care. The potential impacts from the project are identified and assess based on the nature and magnitude of the various activities associated with the project.

POTENTIAL IMPACTS
All the potentially significant environmental impacts from the project are grouped as below: Air Environment y Impact on ambient air quality y Impact on ambient noise Water Environment y Impacts on surface water quality and ground water Land Environment y Impacts on land use y Impacts on soil fertility Ecological Impacts y Impact of tree / vegetation y Impacts on forests and wildlife Socio-Economic Impacts y Impacts on other infrastructure y Impacts on employment y Impacts on public health and safety y Impacts on cultural resources y Impacts on aesthetics

Table given Below gives the overview of the potential impacts due to project location, construction and operation of the proposed project. S. No. Impacts Negative Impact Short Term A. Project Siting 1. Displacement of people 2. Change of land use 3. 4. 5. Loss of trees/vegetation Shifting of utilities Impact on archaeological property Construction Phase Pressure on local Yes infrastructure Impact on water quality Impact on air quality Yes including dust Generation Noise pollution Yes Traffic congestion Yes and loss of access Staking and disposal Yes of construction Material Public health and safety Social impact Operational Phase Increase in air and noise levels Water Harvesting & Recharge Increased water use efficiency Long Term Positive Impact Short Long Term Term No Impact

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

B. 1. 2. 3.

Yes

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. C. 1. 2. 3.

yes yes Yes yes

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4. 5.

6. 7.

Disposal of solid & biomedical waste Induced infrastructure development Quality of life / Human Use Value Increment in green cover

Yes Yes

Yes yes

IMPACTS DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION

Displacement of People
Since the project and its associated activities are limited to acquired and approved area of 3.15 hand is free from encroachment, hence no displacement of any person is anticipated.

Change of Land use

The development in the entire project influenced area is as per the approved plan hence no land use change is anticipated.

Loss of Trees
The proposed site is an open barren land earmarked for construction of hospital complex and possesses no trees. Moreover activities related project will be confined to the designated site so no cutting of tree even in the project influenced area is anticipated.

Shifting of Utilities
There shall not be any shifting of existing utilities such as water supply pipelines, sewers, electrical lines, etc. due to the proposed project.

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IMPACTS DUE TO PROJECT CONSTRUCTION

Pressure on Local Infrastructure
During the construction stage, demand for basic amenities such as water, power, etc. for the construction labor (about 1200 in number) along with the requirement of construction activities, put pressure on the existing infrastructure. Considering the nature and the magnitude of the project, impact shall be short term and low in magnitude and are limited to construction phase only.

Contamination of Soil
The spillage of oil from the machinery or cement residual from concrete mixer plants might contaminate the soil if not properly collected and disposed off.

Water Quality Degradation

Following are the most susceptible locations for contamination of water during construction: y y y Waterlogged areas that have water in them during the period of construction; Surface and ground water resources close to construction material storage yard, concrete mixer plants and maintenance sites of construction vehicles; and Surface water bodies close to labour camps.

Within the vicinity of project site no major / designated water body are present and since all construction related activities will primarily be confined to the enclosed area of 3.15 ha at site, hence no major impacts on the water bodies present in project influenced area are anticipated. Whatever impact due to accidental spills or due to bad construction practice, shall be short term and low in magnitude and confined to the construction period only.

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Impact on Air Quality

Potential impacts on the air quality during the construction stage will be due to the fugitive dust and the exhaust gases generated in and around the construction site. Dust is major component of air pollution, generated mainly from the following construction activities: y y Site clearance and use of heavy vehicles and machinery/ equipment etc. at construction site; Procurement and transport of construction materials such as sand, cement, etc. to the construction site; and

Other Gaseous emissions during construction result from: y Operating of construction vehicles, plant and equipments.

Noise Pollution
Noise is perceived as one of the most undesirable consequences of construction activity. Though the level of discomfort caused by noise is subjective, the most commonly reported impacts of increased noise levels are interference in oral communication and disturbance in sleep. Due to the various construction activities, there will be short-term noise impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor. The construction activities include: y Operation of DG sets, concreting and mixing y Excavation for foundations with driller (if used); y Construction plant and heavy vehicle movement. Since the project site is surrounded by open areas, hence no major adverse impacts are envisaged in the project. Nonetheless all the noise generating activities shall be undertaken during day hours and enclosure shall be provided wherever applicable to further minimize said pollution.

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Traffic Congestion
The area where the project is coming up is well planned and has 60 m wide divided arterial carriageway (cw) and 30 m wide divided sub-arterial cw. Moreover, encroachment and traffic load on the designated cw are not considerably heavy. Hence, traffic congestion during the construction phase will not be a major issue. However, suitable temporal segregation of traffic will be undertaken, in order to ease the load of traffic in the region.

Staking and Disposal of Construction Material

Staking of construction materials shall be confined to the project site only and also suitable enclosure shall be provided, hence no impacts on surrounding residential block are envisaged. Sitting or disposal of Construction waste likely to envisage unaesthetic view, unhygienic condition choking of nearby drains, etc. Such impacts are short term. The severity of such impact will depend upon the magnitude and type of construction waste.

Public health and safety

Since the project is mere the construction of hospital complex and all the construction related activity shall be confines to project site area, hence no health related impact are envisaged within the project influenced area during the construction stage. At the project site about 1200 person shall be engaged in the construction activities, direct exposure to dust generation likely to cause health related impact may occur. This shall be minimized by providing suitable respiratory personal protective equipments (PPE) such as nose mask with suitable filters etc.

IMPACTS DUE TO PROJECT OPERATION

During the Operation phase, there would be impacts on the air, water and land environment and socio-economic aspects. The subsequent sections present the adverse impacts due to the operation of the proposed project:

Bio-medical Waste
Medical care is vital for our life, health and well being. Simultaneously the waste generated from medical activities can be hazardous, toxic and even lethal because of their high potential for diseases transmission, and are termed as Bio-medical waste. Biomedical waste as defined by the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998, is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to in the production or testing of biologicals, and including categories mentioned in Schedule 1 of Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998. The Center for Disease Control (CDC), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) concur that the following wastes should be classified as infectious waste: sharps (needles, scalpels, etc.), laboratory cultures and stocks, blood and blood products,
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pathological wastes, and wastes generated from patients in isolation because they are known to have an infectious disease. Medical wastes can also include chemicals and other hazardous materials used in patient diagnosis and treatment. The hazardous and toxic parts of waste from hospital complex comprises of infectious, biomedical and radio-active material as well as sharps (hypodermic needles, knives, scalpels, etc.) constitute a grave risk, if these are not properly treated / disposed or is allowed to get mixed with other municipal waste. Table given below shows the typical type of bio-medical waste expected to be generated from the hospital complex during the operational stage.

Expected Type of Bio-medical waste

S.N o 1. Type of Waste Human Anatomical Waste description Human tissues, Amputated Body Parts Generation Area Cardiac OTs, Day care OTs, Emergency OT, Cath Lab Cardiac OTs, Day care OTs, Emergency OT, Cath Lab, ICUs, Procedure OPD, rooms, IPD,

2.

Infectious Solid Waste

Items contaminated with blood & body fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster casts, beddings, pathological waste, infected blood, patient samples & specimens.

Pathology lab, Phlebotomy room, Blood Bank Microbiology lab

3.

Microbiology Waste Disposables

Cultures, stocks of micro-organisms, dishes & devices used for culture Disposables other than sharps e.g. Gloves, tubings, catheters, IV-sets,

4.

OTs, Cath labs, IPD, OPD, ER, ICUs

clips, valves and any other infected plastics Needles, Syringes, scalpels, blades, glass etc. which may cause puncture ICUs, Phlebotomy room

5.

Sharps

OTs, Cath labs, IPD, OPD, ER,

6.

Liquid Waste

& cuts Waste generated in the laboratories cleaning, Housekeeping and disinfecting activities Chemicals used in the production of biologicals, chemicals used in disinfection Waste comprising outdated, contaminated & discarded medicines Ash from incineration of any biomedical waste Office waste like paper, cartons, cardboard boxes, metal cans, packaging material, garden waste and kitchen waste Waste food (cooked or raw) Radio-isotopes

Laboratories, Laundry, Housekeeping

7.

Chemical Waste

Labs

8.

Discarded Medicines Incineration Ash Non-infectious Waste

All patient Pharmacy. Incinerator site

areas,

9.

10.

All areas of the Hospital

11. 12.

Kitchen Waste Radioactive Waste

F&B Nuclear Medicine Lab

Bio-medical waste poses great threat of nosocomial infections to patients, staff and to the public in case it is exposes to public at large. The impacts are long term and are serve in magnitude.

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Following are the potential adverse impact due to improper handling of biomedical waste on the human environment: y Physical injuries may occur to the hospital personnel as well as waste handlers outside the hospital due to improper handling of various biomedical wastes. Out of the different categories of wastes, sharps are most likely to cause physical injury especially when they are mixed with other biomedical waste that increases the risk of Hepatitis and HIV infections. Chemical injuries can occur due to hazardous- toxic, corrosive, flammable, and reactive and genotoxic wastes which likely to cause chemical burns on accidental exposure, or toxicity to cells. Nosocomial infections to the patients from poor infection control policies and poor waste management practices. Increasing uses of disposables in hospitals generate large quantum of infectious waste that can be reuse if not managed effectively. Mushrooming business of disposables being repacked and sold without even being washed can be life threatening. Proliferation and wide spectrum of healthcare centers, large and small hospitals, nursing homes, clinics etc, which do not have proper waste management facilities, can poses potential threat to human environment. Also when such waste is disposed in open likely to contaminate land and water environment either through percolation or surface runoff.

y y y y

With a judicious planning and management, the risk can be reduced considerable. The total bio-medical waste generated from the hospital operation details outs the management plan for managing the bio-medical waste to minimize the adverse impact within and outside the hospital complex.

Air Environment
The operation of proposed project does not envisage any major air pollutant generating sources except DG sets and vehicular movement.

Noise Environment
The sound pressure level generated decreases with increase in distance from the source due to wave divergence. An additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected, due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path. During the operational stage, DG sets, cooling towers, pumps and vehicles are the major source of noise pollution. Table given below highlights the noise levels emanating from various equipments during the operation stage are given in table.
17

Typical Noise Level from various Equipment

S.No. 1. 2. 3. Type of Equipment DG Sets Pumps Cooling Towers Noise Level dB(A) 80-85 70-75 65-70

Solid Waste
It expected along with biomedical waste, certain quantum of solid waste, domestic in nature also be generated during operation stage. For the collecting such waste bins are provided at each ward, floor and arrangement has been worked out such that there shall not be any mixing of biomedical waste. Such waste shall be collected separately and once a day and shall be disposed off in suitable manner as per the directives of municipal authorities. A separate solid waste collection chamber has been designed on the south western extremity of the hospital premises. Hence no major impacts are envisaged.

Induced Development
Since the entire project influenced area will be developed as per the plan, to cater the demand of the living population hence no induced development is foreseen due to the proposed project.

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POSITIVE IMPACTS
Health Infrastructure
This Hospital is going to cater to a large mass of people from the entire region, and will provide them an excellent opportunity for a healthy life at a reasonable cost.

Physical Infrastructure
The operation of the project, provide value addition to the existing infrastructure facility such as public transport, water supply, telecommunications, etc.

Employment
The operation of project and other allied facilities, will improve the employment opportunities. The employment will have positive impact on the local economy thereby increasing the quality of life.

Enhancement of Public Health and Safety

Due to operation of hospital, there will be enhancement in public health and safety. All safety measure suggested by Government Authorities. Regular health check up will be carried for persons working near DG sets and security guards.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to minimize the potential environmental impacts due to proposed project. The EMP reflects the commitment of the Society for Unique Hospitals and Research Institute to safeguard the environment as well as the surrounding population. The potential impacts on the environment from the project are identified based on the nature of the various activities associated with the location, and operation of the proposed project and also on the current status of the environmental quality at the proposed area.

MITITGATION MESURES FOR BIOMEDICAL WASTE Preparation of Biomedical Waste Management Plan
Biomedical waste is the most critical aspect of any hospital project. Biomedical Waste management plan has been prepared to minimize the adverse impacts on the human, land and water environment. Figure 5.1 highlights the flow-sheet for managing the biomedical waste generated during the operational stage. Wastes that are deemed potentially infectious may be treated prior to disposal by a number of different technologies that either disinfect or sterilize them. These technologies include steam sterilization (autoclaving), dry heat thermal treatment, chemical disinfection processes among others. In order for treatment systems to work properly, distinctive protocols for the classification and segregation of wastes must be in place. These methods, if properly adopted, may significantly cut down the infective and harmful properties of the biomedical waste.

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Flow Diagram for Biomedical Waste Management

Identification of Waste Segregation of Waste Collection

Storage

Transportation

Treatment & Disposal

Final Disposal

Training and Awareness Program

For successful implementation of biomedical waste management plan, training and awareness program is a vital step to sensitize the personnel regarding the various aspect of biomedical waste management. Basic training in biomedical waste handling procedures will be provided to all the hospital personnel in service. The basic components of the training programme are as follows: y y y y The hazards associated with healthcare wastes. Methods of preventing transmission of nosocomial infections related to waste handling methods. The various safety procedures for dealing with chemical, pharmaceutical and radioactive wastes and sharps. Proper waste segregation handling, transport, treatment and disposal methods.

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Training tools
y On-site staff training: The staff will be updated with the latest happenings in the field of waste management as well as best practice for healthcare institutions. Reorientation programmes are planned for personnel at regular intervals. Development of training manuals, curriculum and videos: A Hospital Infection Control Committee plan, which is constituted for biomedical waste management shall prepare videos, manuals, curriculum, and training within the hospitals for the purpose of the training of the hospital staffs. Seminars, Forums & Conferences: Routine update on biomedical waste management will be organized for each level of staff to keep them aware of latest happenings in the field like the ways of reducing wastes, safe waste handling practices and alternative methods of treatment of waste. Use of proper personal protective gear like, gloves, during handling of biomedical waste.

The detailed procedure for Biomedical waste collection, storage and disposal is provided As in above given flow diagram

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR AIR POLLUTION

Construction Stage
Air Quality around the project site will be adversely impacted during construction stage. Various construction activities especially related to handling of loose material like to cause generation of fugitive dust, that adversely impact the air quality of the surrounding area of the project site. To minimize such impact following measures shall be taken: y All the loose material either stacked or transport shall provide with suitable covering such as tarpaulin, etc. Water sprinkling shall be done at the location where dust generation is anticipated. To minimize the occupational health hazard, proper personal protective gears i.e. mask shall be provided to the workers who are engaged in dust generation activity.

y y

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Measures for Control Emission from DG Set

To minimize emissions from the DG set, it is necessary to ensure that the stack height for exhausting the flue gases is such that there shall be proper dispersion of gases without increase in the ground level concentration.

Measures for Controlling Vehicular Emission

There shall be around 600 cars expected to move around in the hospital complex per day. To control the emissions from the movement of vehicular traffic following measures shall be adopted: y Proper maintenance of the internal roads y Adequate greenbelt will be developed and maintained y Informatory sign shall be provided to encourage vehicle owners to maintain their vehicle and follow the emission standards fixed by Government Authorities

MITIGATIONMEASURES FOR NOISE POLLUTION

Construction Stage
During the construction stage, expected noise levels shall be in the range of 70-80 dB(A), which will decrease inversely with the increase in distance. Hence all the construction activities shall be carried out during the daytime. Engineering and administrative control of noise will be undertaken in the site itself. Use of such plant or machinery shall not be allowed during night hour. Careful planning of machinery operation and scheduling of operations shall be done to minimize such impact Isolation of the source and sensitive receptors during construction phase will be undertaken to minimize the impacts of noise and vibration. To prevent any occupational hazard, ear muff / ear plug shall be provided to the workers working around or operating plant and machinery emitting high noise levels.

Operation Stage
All the equipment in the proposed for the project would be designed to have a noise level not exceeding 75-85 dB(A). There are few potential sources such as DG sets, Pumps, etc. that would generate noise levels above 75 dB(A) during operation. Therefore, adequate protective measures in the form of ear muffs/ earplugs shall be given to workers working in these areas should be provided. And the proposed greenbelt and double glazed windows will attenuate the noise generated by passing of train and vehicular movement.

23

MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WATER POLLUTION

Construction Stage
During the construction operation, Runoff from the construction site shall not be allowed to stand (water logging) or enter into the roadside or nearby drain. Adequate measures shall be taken to collect such run off and either shall be reuse (if possible) or disposed at the designated construction waste disposal location.

Operation Stage
In order to mitigate adverse impacts on water environment due to the surface run off, waste water, etc. provisions for adequate infrastructure facilities such as suitable drainage system, wastewater collection and conveyance including treatment and reuse; has been developed during the project design stage of the Project. More over rain water harvesting provisions has been made, which will adequately replenish the local aquifer. Hence no further measures are needed other than proper and regular maintenance of such facilities.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

For collecting storm water, storm water drainage network has been provided during the design stage as per the guidelines defines in Master Plan of Chandigarh. In the project design it shall be ensured that there shall be any mixing of the storm water and waste effluent. All the storm water will be diverted to rain water-harvesting pits proposed in the complex.

WASTE MANAGEMENT
Construction Stage
During the construction considerable quantity of construction waste such as earth, debris, etc. will be generated. Stacking and disposal of such material shall be such that it shall not disturb the surrounding land use and shall be disposed off at the designated disposal site identified by the MCD.

Operation Stage
During the operation stage, other than biomedical waste, two other type wastes are expect to be generated viz. (i) municipal or domestic waste and (ii) landscape waste. Measures to be taken to minimize the adverse impact due the said waste are given below:

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Municipal Solid Waste y Adequate number of collection bins separate for biodegradable and non-biodegradable
waste shall be provided as per The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rule, 2000. Waste form such bin shall be collected separately on daily bases. y All the collection bin shall be properly maintain on regular bases. y Arrangement will be made with MCD, for the providing a central garbage station or transfer point, from where all waste collected from collection bin shall be disposed off for further disposal by the municipal authorities.

Landscape Waste
Landscape waste comprises of fallen leaves and other vegetative material shall be collected at the secured location such that it shall not hindered daily activity schedule or washed away by the surface run off causing choking of drains, etc. For such waste also, adequate arrangement shall be worked out with municipal authority to collect and disposed such waste in appropriate manner.

FIRE PROTECTION
Fire protection is one of the most essential services to be provided. In design component of the project adequate measure has to be taken to ensure safety in case of fire by installing appropriate fire safety mechanisms like fire alarms, fire extinguishers, sand buckets, etc.

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT
The landscape for the proposed project has been planned to provide a clean, healthy and beautiful green environment for the people to live in and work in.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE LABORATORY & HANDLING OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES

The nuclear medicine laboratory (NML) will be as per the specifications of the BARC/AERB. The location, alignment and equipmentation of the nuclear medicine laboratory will be as per the guidelines, laid down by Radiation Medicine Centre and Divisions of Radiological Protection, Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (BARC). The different areas will be differentiated as per AERB specifications, like cold, lukewarm, warm and hot will be done, and adequate protection measures will be adopted. The ceiling and the floors of the NML will be of 150-200 mm thick concrete and the walls will be made of 250 mm thick brickwork. The apertures will be provided with 2 mm thick lead lining to trap any fugitive radiation.

25

For effective implementation of radiation safety in the nuclear medicine laboratory, the following points will be ensured: y All walls and doors of the radio-isotope laboratory will be painted in a good quality washable paint y Minimum furniture will be used y Top surfaces of the work tables will have a smooth laminated finish y Adequate nos. of lead containers and interlocking lead bricks will be procured for providing adequate shielding in storage and handling rooms y Remote handling devices for different operations will be procured y Suitable ventilation fumes will be installed. y Drainage ducts from isolation wards, and NML, like from sinks, wash basin, toilets, water closets will be connected to delay tanks and then to the sanitary systems Handling of radioactive material is often associated with expose to potentially dangerous radiation. The documentation of the radiation dose received by persons working with radioactive material and radiation-producing equipment is critical to minimizing such exposures, and ensuring compliance with state and central regulations. Best available approach for radiation minimization, e.g. As Low and Practically Possible (ALARP) for occupational radiation threat assessment and minimization and mitigation will be adopted. Contrary to popular belief, the radioisotopes used in the nuclear medicine are mostly short lived and the half life of these range from a few hours to few days, because of the short half lives the disposal of the radioactive waste will be done in simple methods of decay and disposal. For ultimate disposal of the radio-active isotopes these will be handed over to BARC or its approved agencies.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accidents. Following subsection describes the measures to be undertaken by the project proponent to prevent / minimize risk of unexpected event.

Preventive Action
Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure. Engineers responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipments, materials, labour and expertise for use during emergency.

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Reporting Procedures
The level at which a situation will be termed a disaster shall be specified. This shall include the stage at which the surveillance requirements should be increased both in frequency and details. The project In-charge should notify the officer for the following information: y y Exit points for the public, Nearest medical facilities.

Communication System
An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities. More often, the entire Communication system gets disrupted when a disaster occurs. The damage areas need to be clearly identified and provided with temporary and full proof communication system.

Emergency Action Committee

To ensure coordinates action, an Emergency Action Committee should be constituted. Emergency Action Committee will prepare the evacuation plan and procedures for implementation based on local needs and facilities available. The plan should include: y y y y y Demarcation of the areas to be evacuated with priorities, Safe area and shelters, Security of property left behind in the evacuated areas, Functions and responsibilities of various members, and Setting up of joint control action.

All personnel involved in the Emergency Action Plan should be thoroughly familiar with all the elements of the project area and their responsibilities. The staff at the site should be trained for problem detection, evaluation and emergency remedial measures. Individual responsibility to handle the segments in emergency plan must be allotted. Success of an emergency plan depends on public participation, their response to warning notifications and timely action. Public has to be educated on the hazards and key role in disaster mitigation by helping in the rescue operations. It is essential to communicate by whom and how a declared emergency will be terminated. There should be proper notification to the public on de-alert signals regarding termination of the emergency. The notification should be clear so that the evacuees know precisely what to do when re-entering or approaching the affected areas.

EMERGENCY MEASURES
The emergency measures are adopted to avoid any failure in the system such as lights, fire, means of escape, ventilation shafts etc. The aim of Emergency Action Plan is to identify areas, population and structures likely to be affected due to a catastrophic event of accident. 27

The action plan should also include preventive action, notification, warning procedures and co-ordination among various relief authorities. These are discussed in following sections.

Emergency Lighting
The emergency lights operated on battery power should be provided at appropriate locations. The battery system should supply power to at least 25% of the lights at those locations for a period of 2 hours. Both the transformers need to be kept energized and should feed independently alternate rows of lights so that in case of failure of one transformer, there will not be complete darkness.

Fire Protection
The building materials should be of appropriate fire resistance standard. Wood shall not be used for any purpose, excluding artificial wood products, which are flame resistant. The materials which have zero surface burning characteristics need to be used. The electrical systems shall be provided with automatic circuit breakers activated by the rise of current as well as activated by over current. The design will include provision for the following: y y y y y y Fire prevention measures, Fire control measures, Fire detection systems, Means of escape, Access for fireman, and Means of fire fighting.

Accumulations of refuse of any inflammable material like paper, plastic cartons constitute a major fire hazards and should not be permitted. Smoking should be strictly prohibited at all locations. All aspects of fire prevention and control will be dealt in close collaboration with the city fire fighting authority. Smoke control will be achieved by the following means: Down stand bulkheads of a minimum depth of 600 mm to provide smoke containment. These will be provided around openings for escalators, lifts and stairs in underground stations, Adequate fire fighting requirement have been taken into account while deigning the distribution system for the industrial estate.

Prevention and Safety Measures

Fire prevention measures will be designed and implemented to minimize the risk of outbreak of fire by appropriate choice, location and installation of various materials and equipment. The potential sources of fire can be reduced by:

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Fire Prevention
y y y y y y Use of non-combustible or smoke retardant materials where possible, Provision of layout which permits ease of maintenance for equipment and cleaning of the industry premises, Provision of special storage spaces for combustible materials such as paint and oil, Prohibition of smoking in fire prone areas, Provision of cigarette and litter bins, and Good housekeeping.

Fire Alarm and Detection System

A complete fire detection system with equipment complying with the requirements of Fire Services agency shall be provided through out the project area and ancillary buildings to give visual and audible indication of alarm conditions actuated by the operation of break glass contact or fire sensors e.g. detector heads, linear heat detecting cables etc. The system shall be operated from 24 V DC Power sources. Manually operated call points shall be provided at every hydrant and nose reel points, station head wall, tail wall and other locations. Alarm bells shall be installed in each plant room complex at both platform and concourse level and shall be clearly audible at all points in the room/area. Beam detector or heat detector shall be installed at roof level, ceiling and floor cavity, whilst linear detecting cables shall be installed in under platform cable ducts and cable shafts. Smoke probe units shall be installed in rooms/compartments. When an alarm point is operated, the fire pump shall start to operate automatically. A station fire control and indicating panel shall be provided an installed in the station controllers room, for the control, indication and monitoring of the whole detection and fire fighting systems.

Fire Control Measures

Control of the spread of fire and smoke will be achieved by Compartmentation of fire risk areas, planning for smoke extraction, and arrangement for smoke containment. Visual and audible indication of alarm conditions actuated by the operation of break glass contact or fire sensors e.g. detector heads, linear heat detecting cables etc. The system shall be operated from 24 V DC Power sources. Manually operated call points shall be provided at every hydrant and nose reel points, station head wall, tail wall and other locations. Alarm bells shall be installed in each plant room complex at both platform and concourse level and shall be clearly audible at all points in the room/area. Beam detector or heat detector shall be installed at roof level, ceiling and floor cavity, whilst linear detecting cables shall be installed in under platform cable ducts and cable shafts. Smoke probe units shall be installed in rooms/compartments. When an alarm point is operated, the fire pump shall start to operate automatically. A station fire control and indicating panel shall be provided an installed in the station controllers room, for the control, indication and monitoring of the whole detection and fire fighting systems.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN BACKGROUND

The environmental monitoring programme is a vital process in the Management Plan for any construction projects. This helps in signalling the potential problems that would result from the proposed project and will allow for prompt implementation of effective corrective measures. The environmental monitoring will be required during construction and operational phases.

WATER QUALITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Since water contamination leads to various water related diseases, the project authorities shall establish a procedure for water quality surveillance and ensure safe water for the consumers. A detailed epidemiological study related to water borne diseases shall be carried out and the data shall be compiled for every year in the project area. This data would help the authority in finding out the trends for incidence of water related diseases prevalent in the area, which would help them to take suitable remedial measures for reducing or eradicating the occurrence of these diseases in future. Water quality parameters shall be monitored before and after the completion of the project. Monitoring shall be carried out on monthly basis to cover seasonal variations for four years. Water quality shall be analysed by applying the standard technique. The parameters recommended for monitoring are as follows: y pH y Dissolved Oxygen y Biochemical Oxygen Demand y Total Dissolved Solids y Temperature y Total Hardness y Calcium y Magnesium y Iron y Manganese y Chlorides y Sulphates y Nitrates y Fluorides y Total Nitrogen y Total Phosphates y Total Coliform

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AIR QUALITY MONITORING

The attributes to be monitored as a part of the mitigation measures are Air Quality, Noise Levels; the monitoring programme for the construction and operation stage is presented in Table:Monitoring Programme during Construction and Operation Stage Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 1 Parameters to be Suspended Particulate Matter ( SPM) monitored Respirable Particulate Matter ( RPM) Sulphur Dioxide ( SO 2 ) Oxides of Nitrogen ( NO ) Carbon Monoxide ( CO) Hydrocarbons ( HC ) Lead (Pb) 2. Sampling Methodology The air quality monitoring should be conducted using High Volume Samplers. CO will be collected by Peroxide tube method or by portable CO meter. HC should be collected in Mylar Bags. 3. No of locations One location to be monitored. 4. Frequency of Once in a month @ two days per week Measurements 5. Compliance The monitoring results should be compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards Noise Quality Monitoring 1. Parameters to be Hourly noise levels for 24 hours Monitored 2. Sampling Methodology The noise levels should be recorded using a portable hand held noise level meter. 3. No of locations One location to be monitored 4. Frequency of Once in a month Measurements 5. Compliance The monitoring results should be compared with the National Ambient Noise Quality Standards

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WASTE WATER QUALITY

Wastewater sample shall be analysed to meet the municipal sewer discharge standards One sample every month shall be analysed for the parameter to confirm the compliance of municipal wastewater discharge standards.

Water and wastewater quality Monitoring Water Quality Monitoring:

1. 2. 3. 4. Parameters to be Monitored No of locations Frequency of Measurements Compliance As per IS 10500:1991 and amendments as enacted One locations each at intake and after treatment Atleast Once in a season The monitoring results should be compared with the Preferable and Permissible limits of IS 10500:1991. BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Oil and Grease, Heavy metals, like Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cr, As etc. as per methods specified in APHA At intake of sewage treatment plant and at point of discharge before reuse Once in a season As per Land standards of MoEF Disposal

Waste Water Quality Monitoring: 1. Parameters to be Monitored

2.

No of locations

3. 4.

Frequency of Measurements Compliance

RESIDUAL RADIATION LEVEL

The residual radiation level will be randomly monitored in all the regions of the hospital, apart from the usual "hot" wards, like the isolation and radiography wards.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The Environmental Management System constitutes provision of an Environmental Division, which should be staffed by an Environmental Engineer/Officer, an Environmental Assistant and other assistant (miscellaneous works). The task assigned should include supervision and coordination of studies, monitoring and implementation of environmental mitigation measures.
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Bibliography
1. www.indushospital.in (Website of Indus Super Speciality Hospital) 2. www.wikipedia.com 3. www.barc.ernet.in (Bhabha Atomic Research Center) 4. www.ima-india.org (Indian Medical Association) 5. www.justgenerators.co.uk

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QUESTIONNAIRE
1 . What is the project related to? the project in line with international, national and regional environmental goals, programmes and priorities, and does it take these into account? (E.g. National Sustainable Development Strategies, National Environmental Action Plans, Action Plans for combating desertification, plans for implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity, etc.)
2. To what extent is

3. Does the project take into account the environmentally relevant national laws, e.g concerning the use of natural resources, EIA guidelines, etc.? If so, which ones and how?

4. Was the regional/local environmental situation analysed and the interaction with the social, economic and cultural milieu examined to see whether the pressure on natural resources could indirectly increase? In which way, and how, did the results obtained influence the project conception?

5. Was the project planning undertaken jointly with the partners and the affected population, taking into account their views of the environmental situation and conditions? How does the project reflect these views?

6. To what extent were different approaches and instruments discussed, in order to minimise any potentially negative effects on the environment or to provide for restorative or compensatory measures?

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7. Are the project staff, partners and all parties concerned sensitised to environmental problems and the direct and indirect effects on the environment? Are any accompanying measures foreseen in order to promote environmental awareness and knowledge and to enable the project participants to pass on the knowledge they have acquired?

8 a. Is an examination of the environmental effects (and the feedback of the results of such an examination) planned during the implementation of the project? If so, how and when? b. Which indicators were defined for monitoring negative/positive effects?

9. Have the costs for the above-mentioned measures been adequately provided for in the budget plan?

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