PROJECT REPORT ON FLYOVER HIGHWAY

Done By: Sujit Prabhdesai Ritesh Chodanker Saiesh Prabhu

Introduction It is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year. Goa has two National Highways passing through it. NH-17 runs along India's west coast and links Goa to Mumbai in the north and Mangalore to the south. NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Deccan. The NH-17A connects NH-17 to Mormugao Harbour from Cortalim, and the new NH-17B, is a four lane highway connecting Mormugao Harbour to NH-17 at another location, Verna, via Dabolim airport. Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland. In 2010, there were more than two million tourists reported to have visited Goa, about 1.2 million were from abroad. Despite several traffic safety drives and an increase in the number of persons being booked for traffic violations in Goa, the state's roads witnessed more than 12 accidents per day and six fatalities every week in the year 2010. While from January 1 to December 31, 2009, there were 4,164 accidents and 310 fatalities on Goa's roads, about 4572 accidents and 327 fatalities were registered in 2010. In recent years we come to know that Goa is increasing its trade Transportation within Goa and also interstate transpiration. More number of industries is coming in Goa and trade is also increasing Day by day in Goa. But in Goa Trucks cant transport their goods in day time due to Traffic in Goa they are allowed after 7o clock in evening till 9o clock in morning, so smooth trade is not possible in Goa. Flyover -an intersection of two roads at which one is carried over the other by a bridge So to Reduce Traffic problems in Goa we have come with plan of building Flyover across NH17 road of Goa that will connect from North Goa border to south Goa border of the state. The

flyover will be of 4 lane highway it will also connect the interstate roads to the flyover which enters in the Talulka, city, and village. This project will help to reduce traffic in the state due to above reasons in the state. The will also help the government to collect tax, and will be revenue for the state of Goa. The people will able to travel with less time. Time will be reduced and also fuel be consumed. The trade will increase in state. The port is also there in Goa so though ships more number of goods will be transported to Goa and also to the nebhouring state. Goa current scenario Goa has a total of 22km of national highway and 815km of district highway. Goa has two national highways passing through it. NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the deccan. The NH-17A connects NH-17 to Mormugao harbor from Cortalim, and the new NH-17B, four lane highway connecting Mormugao harbor to NH-17 at another location, Verna via Dabolim airport. Traffic problems in the state Goa is getting so crowded, is something we hear all the time. This beautiful state of ours is becoming home to many all over the country and even to foreigners. This obviously gives rise to traffic woes that go beyond description. Going into the cities of Panaji, Mapusa, Margao and Ponda during the day, is like recounting a repulsion story. Planet J team spoke to our readers to get their take on his problem.

If you see the traffic during the day from Tiramol to Savordem, you wouldnt believe it. It is absolutely crazy. Yes, it is getting worst every day and there seems no respite. Nobody seems to be following traffic rules with everybody thinking rules are for others and not for themselves. If police are around then maybe some people do follow traffic rules but mostly I dont think so The traffic in Goa is too fast. Neither the old nor the children are given consideration by drivers or riders, Traffic gives rise to many problems and one of them is delay, in reaching for meetings, parties, functions etc.

Trading activities are held back As Goa is small state with a lot of emerging industries and continuous trading activities. Goa has one harbor from where A quantity of over 33.81 million tons of iron ore is exported in order to export the goods on continuous way there should be continuous flow of trading or transport of goods. But due to traffic problem and narrow roads the heavy vehicles are banned to travel during working hours and hence continuous trading activities are held back. This leads to the loss of revenue to the companies. Accidents/ narrow roads Statistics available with the government for road accidents in Goa show that 70% of accidents due to bad roads, 25% of accidents occur because of human error and 5% due to bad vehicles, weather conditions, cattle and other reasons The researcher feels that the major cause of accidents is bad or narrow roads, the broadening and overall improvement of roads in the state or building up of flyover would help reduce fatalities due to accidents. Most roads in the state are single carriage roads and motorists attempt to overtake vehicles, but the narrow road causes accidents to occur. The situation is further worsened as with a total vehicle population of 6.5 lakh, each traffic policeman is responsible for 2380 vehicles. That is not counting the about 10,000 outstation vehicles that visit Goa daily. The state has a 2 lane highway where the width of the is not more than 3 meters whereas the actual length should be 3.6 meters for each lane. The Goa has only one highway that is NH-17B of 4lane from dabolim airport to verna. Hence accident are another important that are increasing because of traffic and narrow roads.

Objectives y To reduce the Traffic of the state. The main objectives of the project is to reduce the traffic problem of the state in order to have smooth flow of the traffic without any problem, which will save the time of the people while travelling and also less consumption of the fuel due to smooth flow of traffic without any traffic wedge which leads to less consumption of fuel. This will be possible only with the construction of flyover crossing throughout the Goa which will help in diverting the traffic from roads to the flyover. y Continuous flow of trading activities Another important objective is to have continuous flow of trading activities in the state and outside the state without any constraint to travel in the state. With the construction of the flyover the transportation of the goods can be carried out with the use of flyover without affecting the normal life of the people. This will also help in development of the state and also help to earn the revenue to the state and the companies. This will also encourage more industries to setup and also creation of employment to the local people. y Prevention of accidents As per the researcher it is seen that 70% of the accident are occurred due to the narrow roads and traffic problems in the state and even the highway are not broad and even there is no place so that the roads can broaden. In Goa there only one highway which is of 4 lane which starts from dabolim airport and ends at verna. So the construction of flyover is one reasonable solution in order eliminate the these problems in state. With the help of flyover the traffic can be diverted from the roads to the flyover so that there can be smooth flow of the traffic and even accident can be prevented. y To reduce Pollution in the State With the increasing population and traffic there has been also increase in pollution due to the traffic squeeze creating more and more pollution affecting the climate of Goa. So with the help of the flyover the traffic can be diverted from normal roads to the flyover

creating less traffic and having smooth flow of traffic and less pollution and also less consumption of fuel

Benefits of the project This project will provide various benefits to the state as well as to the people some of the benefits are as follows: y Revenue for the state government. This project will earn the revenue to the government by way of collecting tolls from the vehicle. The toll collected will vary from vehicle to vehicle for example toll collected from personal vehicle will be less than the toll collected from the tourist vehicle same higher toll will be collected from heavy vehicle and vehicles which transport good and the toll collected from the other state vehicle will be more as compared to other. The fund which will be collected will also be used for the maintenance of the project or for the repair and the remaining fund will be transferred to the government revenue. y Smooth flow of trade between inter-states. This project will enable the smooth flow of the trade between states and inter-state. which is not possible in present time because of increasing traffic and population in the state which leads to traffic problems, accidents and other problem due to which the trading activities are held back which leads to the lot of revenue loss to the state as well as for the companies. So with the construction of the flyover this problem will be reduce and also there will be a continuous flow of the trading activities. y Diversion of traffic. The project will help to divert the traffic from the roads to the flyover resulting in smooth flow of the vehicles without any traffic problem which is the major problem in the state and affecting the economy of the state and also leading to lot of accident. Hence with the help of the flyover the traffic can be diverted.

y Less consumption of fuel and prevention of the accident. Less consumption of fuel will be another benefit of the flyover that is by diverting the traffic there will be less traffic wedge hence less fuel will be consumed. And also prevention of the accident because of diversion of the traffic and also the flyover will be of 4 lane highway and hence there will be less traffic which will lead to reduction of accident. Business Case Background to the Proposed Work Goa is a small state. Goa connects two states, though Goa travellers and goods are transported within 3 states. So Goa roads are not wide due to small place and houses in Goa, Increasing number of people and increasing vehicles in the state create more traffic in the state and Transportation flow is slow in Goa. To Reduce Traffic in the state direct Highway will be built from north Goa border to South Goa Border , the Highway will be of Flyover though the state. The flyover will also connect sub roads to the Talulka, city, villages etc. Flyover will be the main highway in the state.

Objectives

y y y y y Scope

To reduce the Traffic of the state To Transport vehicles in less time Continuous flow of trading activities To reduce Pollution in the State Prevention of accidents

The boundaries of the work are the Project will start from north border of Goa and end till south Goa border. The project will not cover entire roads of Goa only the highway of Goa. The flyover will connect the sub roads of Goa which connect to highway.

Deliverables The project will be of high cost, to built the project it will require large amount of land, the flyover will be built over the existing roads, Bridges, trough the cultivation land or though the new roads, Though existing roads or by cutting hills and by extending roads.The flyover will pass thought covering most of the talulka that includes Pernem, Bardez, Tiswadi, Mormugao, Salcete, Quepem, Canacona.

Business Benefits The business benefits in terms of people will be smooth flow of goods within state and neighbouring state, More Transport of goods, less Traffic from local people. In teams of Government, Toll tax to enter Goa all the transport, more tax can be collected from goods transport. y y Diversion of traffic Less consumption of fuel

Assumptions

y Legal documentation and licenses will be approved by the government y There will be no objection while acquiring the required land y The projected time for completion of the project will be 5 years y There will be easy accessibility of raw materials There will be no problem or objection during the project

Constraints People may oppose the project due to certain reasons: 1. Loss of land 2. Less price is given by the government for land loss 3. The Project may not complete in future or kept incomplete in some places of Goa.

Government may oppose the project due to requirement of large land for the project. To find the continuous peace of the land to form the base of the flyover. And also to build the flyover in certain area where flyover is impossible. y Political factors - opposition party may create problem - Rules, polices and laws y Economical factors - cost of material , shortages of material , unavailability of labours y Environmental factors - Changes climate condition y Legal factors - Legal laws (eg. health and safety law, anti-discrimination law) - Land acquisition

Risks 1.Loss of land of people 2. incomplete project 3.Improper utilization of funds for the project 4. Poor quality of raw material used to complete the project this may lead to breakdown on flyover.

Other Areas of Business Affected From this project business may expand more; more industries may setup business due to fast transportation of goods or exchange of goods.

Major Dependencies Entire the project will be dependent on the company which the company has made the contract to

complete the project.

Stakeholders The main stakeholders will be the government, Public and private company, and people.

Resources The project cost is huge and also project is also big, to complete the project engineers will be required, manpower will required. So better to give the project to big private companies to complete the project. Also company will complete the project within time rather than to give in the hands of government.

Outline Estimates of Time and Cost The project total cost is of 5000 Crore, the cost may be divided into 4 part two parts is for north Goa and two for south Goa. To complete the project it will require at least 5 Years.

Production plan Tender inviting consultants to design and detail the project will be finalized. This flyover will help connectivity and decongest the fast growing populated areas. The flyover will be constructed on a single pier system with the help of girder technology with pre-fabricated segments. Each carriageway of the flyover will be of three 3.5m wide lanes. Project will start from the boarder of north Goa and complete at boarder of south Goa parallel to the NH-17. The features of the flyover y The length of the project is about 139 km. y The flyover will be parallel to NH17.

y It will be 4 lane highways with a width of 15meter. y Pile Foundation will be used Waste management in the way of avoiding, minimizing, reusing and recycling should Be adopted to reduce waste generation. In addition, on site sorting of demolition Debris would be carried out. Scrap metals or abandoned equipment would be Recycled if possible. Relevant pollution control clauses will be included in the Construction contract in order to minimize the environmental nuisance to the nearby Sensitive receivers.

Pestel analysis of the project Political factor The project works in the interests of the public and not for private financial gain this is the same for all publicly-funded bodies. Its overall remit is set by Parliament with transport policy the responsibility of the Department for Transport. Political factors therefore play a key role in shaping its activities and priorities. Ministers are held to account in Parliament for the

performance of the Department and its agencies. The project manager has a duty to spend money wisely and cost-effectively and through Parliament, the project manager is ultimately accountable for its work to the public. Taxpayers money maintains the road network and taxpayers have a right to know how their money is spent. The government sets the policy framework for the project, therefore the project can be affected by political changes of direction. For instance, a change of government policy could switch some resources away from roads to another project. Economic factors A central aim of government policy is to encourage economic growth. In a growing economy, businesses produce and sell more goods and services. More jobs are created. The country becomes more prosperous. The flyover Highways supports economic growth, because an effective major road network directly helps business and industry. Factories need raw materials, retailers need to keep their shelves well stocked or risk losing business. Even internet businesses

need to distribute physical products to customers. To develop the transport infrastructure, the government is committed to increasing capacity on some of the busiest roads. Increased capacity means more goods can be carried and people will experience less congestion. Although this is a short-term cost, it will reap long-term benefits. The recession has other potential implications for the project - by spending money on road improvements the project can have an impact on the business cycle. To stimulate the economy out of recession, the government needs to encourage people and businesses to spend. It can try to do this by using a combination of monetary and fiscal measures. A monetary measure involves altering interest rates; fiscal measures concern levels of taxation and public spending. Many economists argue that governments should respond to recessions by increasing public spending. This is known as providing a fiscal stimulus. Social factors Socio-cultural environment is composed of various class, structure, beliefs, values, social institutions, accepted patterns of behavior, customs of people and their expectations. Hence, any industry must take into consideration the socio-cultural environment for developing its policy and strategy. Socio-cultural environment influences the demand and supply of goods and services. Peoples lifestyles, attitudes and opinions have a direct bearing on traffic volumes. As society changes, the project aims to meet the needs of todays road users by putting the people first. People are being educated and are more aware of the importance of the environment and healths and is becoming 'green consumers'. Green consumers prefer goods and services that are environmentally-friendly' and which have less impact on the environment and is good for health. People may oppose the project due to certain reasons: 1) Loss of land. 2) Less price is given by the government for acquiring the land from the people for construction the pillars.

Technological Factors Technological environment refers to all the technical surroundings that affect business. It includes skills, methods, systems and equipment. Technology consists of the forces that create new technologies creating innovative services and market opportunities. The most dramatic force shaping people's lives is technology. The various technological factor which may affect the project are as: - Failure R&D activities Failure of research and development activities during the initial time which may affect the project or outdated technique used for conducting R&D activities. - Technological changes Technological changes like outdated equipment or modernization of equipment may affect the project. Environmental factors The environmental factor is natural and it is beyond individual control. it include ecological and environmental aspects such as weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer, both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. - Changes climate condition The change in climate condition may affect the construction of the flyover which may lead to delay in completion of the project. - Land acquisition Land acquiring will be another environmental factor which may affect the functioning of the project - Waste management

Waste management is another factor affecting the project waste management include dumping of waste in land which affect economic life of the people. Legal factors It includes consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.

Assumptions y Legal documentation and licenses will be approved by the government. There is much legal documentation which has to clear before stating the project. Also permission of the central and state government should be granted to start the project. y There will be no objection while acquiring the required land. For this project land is the main issue and for getting land local people should agree to give their land to build the project. The government should take people and their issues regarding the land into consideration y The projected time for completion of the project will be 5 years. The project will cover across all over Goa and we assume that the project will complete in given time. y There will be easy accessibility of raw materials. We assume that, the company which has taken the charge of completing the project will complete within given time and there will no problem for the company to bring raw material as required for the project. The raw material will be easily available for company. y There will be no problem or objection during the project

Risk Assessment y Loss of local Land: For this project we required land to build the flyover. Goa is also small place and there are no open place in state, either the place are for agricultural land, own property, houses of people or may be forest area. Many of the people are losing their property for the project.

Incomplete of Project: This project is very high cost and 5 years project. Due to high cost the ministers may oppose for the project, some people may oppose the project for certain reasons and the project can go to the court and project may stop. There are many reasons to stop the project. Project may not complete to some reason.

Improper utilisation of funds for the project: The project is of construction and the project budget is huge there are chances of utilization of cash for the personal reasons instead of putting in the project and lot more reasons are there for improper utilization of funds the project may remain incomplete due to funds.

Poor quality of raw material used to complete the project this may lead to breakdown on flyover.

Communication Communication is the important Part of any project. To complete the project it required good communication between the members or the workers. There are 2 types of communication that are internal and external communication carried out to complete the project. Internal communication will be 1) daily, weekly, or monthly meeting will be carried out to know the status of the project. The report will be done at the end of the day, will be submitted to the manager of the project. The manger will submit the report to the higher authority of the project. The worker will contact to their supervisor. 2) The Manager, supervisor will be communicating through each other by Phone, BBM or by Tablet Or by any other device. External communication will be carried out though mediums newspapers and the local television or national television. This mediums are external this will help us to commutate faster with the people and also their views of the project that may include Complaints, reviews, solution for the project. News like land acquisition with the land number, survey number etc. also will help to give the details of the project. Like competition of the project, news regarding oppose of the project, etc.

Work Breakdown Structure

Gantt Chart

Financial of Flyover Project Figures in Crore Land Cost Research and development Additional Cost 300 100 600 1000 Construction Cost Raw Material Technology Used Labour Expenses Mis. Expenses 1700 800 800 700 4000 4000 1000

Total Estimated cost

5000

Time To complete the project estimation time will be 5 years, the project is divided into 4 parts, and 1 part will cover the distance of 35 Km.