6 VOCABULARY

1 ADJECTIVES
Adjectives in Hindi can be classified into(l) 311 a-ending adjectives, and (2) all
others.
31T a- ending ajectives in their base form qualify masculine singular nouns. They
change to e-ending when qualifying masculine plural nouns, and i- ending
when qualifying feminine singular or plural nouns.
All other adjectives with any ending other than '311 a' remain the same, regardless
of the number, gender or case of the noun they qualify.
aIry havadar
angry krodhit
bad kharab
big bara
bitter karva
bland phlka
boring ubau
brackish khara
brave bahadur
carefree niscint
clever hosiyar
cold
t
ha
t:t9
a
contrary pratikul
conventional paramparagat
cruel krur
cunnmg calak
deep gahra
delicious

E!qIGI>:{







E!I




4>:{+i4'1!Pltl

illcYllCf>

{<IIRte
53
-
ADJECTIVES
depressed khinn
diligent mehanti

disappointed
. -"
mras f.:Rrn
dishonest berman
distressed hairan txR
dry sukha
wsrr
eccentric sanki x+lc61
entertaining manoraiijak
" .
'11 '< \.iI Cf>
evidently >RXfaT
excellent barhiya

excited uttejit
exciting uttejak
expensIve maharhga
""'
l=f$lTI
faithful vafadar Clq>IGI'<
fake nakli
()
.., Cf>C"11
famous mashur
fat mota
foreign videsi
formal aupcarik 3l'1 q:q IRCf>
fresh taza

frivolous (matter) tucch g=ct9
frivolous (person) chichora R9ffl'<l
frustrated kUl).!hit cgfUdd
generous udar \3""GR
genume asli
glittering camkila
good accha Gftm
grateful krtagya

greasy cikna

54
ADJECTIVES
happy khu8

healthy svasth
heavy bhari 'ffRI
-=
high iirhca
holy pavitra
honest imandar
hot . garam TJX1=r
ight(color) halka
impressed prabhavit w:nfcKf
impure asudh

inexpensi ve sasta
infamous badnam iSlG'iI+"l
inferior ghatia tlRlIl
informal an-aupcarik
3141 q=q,RCfJ
innocent bhola
insolent ghith &
intelligent buddhiman
interesting rocak
kind dayaIu


lazy alsI
light( weight) halka
low nlca 1fr.rr
lukewarm gunguna

miserly kafijiis

modern adhunik

mundane samsarik fii\!ilRCfJ
natural svabhavik
new naya 'flIT
nutritious


55
ADJECTIVES
old
old
peaceful
poor
pungent
pure
reliable
religeous
reticent
rich
rough
round
sad
safe
salty
secular
sensible
sensitive(person)
serious (matter)
serious (person)
sick
slippery
small
soft
sour
SPICY
spiritual
square
56
biirha

purana gxAl
sant
gartb

Uta
sudh

visvasniya
fcl 1I
dhfumik
t1Tfl1cp

amlr 3l4R
khurdura
gol
Tffi;r
udas \3GR:f
surakif

namkin "'P""IcCl1
dharm-nirpeksa
samajhdar xi 41S1 Ci Ix
bhavuk

sanjida xiGllCiI
gambhir
bimar
phislaha flnficrl51
chota
t9la
mulayam :!cYI I1I41
khaga 'lSlC:C:1
,
masaledar 41xil&tCilx
adhyatmik
cakor
ADJECTIVES
".....
stale
sticky
strong
stupid
surprised
sweet

talented

I!
,\
talkative
I
'"
t
tall

i;,
-'
-,-
thin


timid
,
i triangular
a


unfaithful
!,,"

-,
ungrateful
unhappy
unhealthy
unholy
unkind
unnatural
unsafe
upset
violent
weak
wet
wide
worried
WIse
young
basi
cipcipa

balvan
(i/(YlClI'i
mfirkh

cakit
:qRPC1
mitha +fun
pratibhasali
batfini

lamba
patla
<;larpok
\15'< q I
\
Cf)
Ft1 \
tikon CbH
bevafa

alqtagya aicpC1$1
dukhi

a-svasth
apavitra


a-svabhavik
,','.


paresan
hirpsak f5xiCf)
karnzor
Cf) +=t \l}
\
I\{
gila
1frc;rr
caura

cintit RiRm
budhiman
javan \i1cff'i"
57
ADJECTIVES
AGGREGATES
GFrT
T.JR1


donom
carom
bisom
lakhom
both
all four
scores of
millions of



\ "
Cf)\{ I'$1
tin om
pamcom
hazarom
karorom
all three
all five
thousands of
millions of
MULTIPLICATIVES
double
thrice
four times
five times
six times
seven times
eight times
nine times
ten times
a hundred times
a thousand time
a million times
duguna
tiguna
cauguna
paficguna
chahguna
satguna
athguna
nauguna
dasguna
sauguna
hazarguna
lakhguna'

ffrTrT









(111 \!Sf
FRACTIONS
a quarter
half
three fourth
one and three fqurth
one-onefourth
ek- cauthal
adha
paun
paune do
sava

3fI'Cl1
1lf.1
qf.9-G1
trCIT
one and a half
two and a half
three and a half
q.erh
q.hal
sarhe tin


(ft;:r
58
11,

,,::.
[
,


t;
r 'i
:,
NUMBERS
CARDINALS
zero
one
two
three
four
five
SIX
seven
eight
mne
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
-
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-two
twenty-three
twenty-four
twenty-five
twenty-six
twenty -seven
;
sunya
ek
do
tin
car
parhc
chah
sat
ar
h
nau
das
gyarah
barah
terah
caudah
pandrah
solah
sattrah
arharah
unnis
bis
ikkis
bais
teis
caubis
paccis
chabbis
sattais
NUMBERS


Gl

"'q"R
""
lff'CJ
U:
mc=r
:mo



EfrX5
()X5


-ffrm


\.i;;i)'{i




-:cft&
qvif)xi
"
\JU! Ixi

59
NUMBERS
twenty-eight
twenty-nine untis \3 "1 ci1 '{i
thirty tis aR1
thirty-one iktis
thirty-two battis
thirty-three tairhtis
thirty-four caurhtis tfict1fl
thirty-five pairhtis tlaR1
thirty-six chattis
thirty-seven sairhtis
thirty-eight
art
is 31>$dHi
thirty-nine untalis &1l\ti
forty calis
:q IC'I1 xi
(')
forty-one iktalis
forty-two bayalis iil <011 C'I1"ff
forty-three tairhtalis
d I C'1"'1 '(i
forty -four cauvalis '41cmAhi
forty-five pairhtalis
tldlcrl)'{i
forty-six chiyalis
fu<011 CI1') xi
"
forty-seven sairhtalis dlCl1I'{i
forty-eight
ar
talis 31\5d1c4hi
forty-nine uncas
\3;;q Ixi
q:qm
fifty pacas
fifty-one ikyavan Cf<'II Cl "1
fifty-two bavan "iilTCA
fifty-three trepan
R1 '< q"1
fifty-four cauvan

-y-=qq;:r
fifty-five pacpan
fifty-six chappan
fifty-seven satUivan 'HtlICl'i
fifty-eight agavan
,
fift-nine unsa!h
\3 "1 xi d
60
I
m
.'
1
I
NUMBERS
f
If'
sixty
sath x=rro
I
'"
,
l:
sixty-one iksath
sixty-two
basath
sixty-three tirsath fd"<'{"id

,,!<
sixty-four causath

m

g:
sixty-five
pairhsath

.;"
sixty-six chiyasath fu'4lx"jd
,,.,
:)i

sixty-seven
sarsath I
I
sixty-eight arsath

sixty-nine unhattar \3'1g'dx

seventy sattar
"{"{ffi
;i

:.-:".
iX'":

seventy-one ik'hattar
seventy-two bahattar %'n"<'
,k,


fdg'dx
f"
seventy-three tihattar


seventy-four cauhattar
it'Ig'd"<
seventy-five pac ' hattar 4ilg'dx
-:;-'
seventy-six chi'hattar fug'dx

seventy -seven satattar 'Hch'1"<
..",

seventy-eight ath 'hattar
3ldg'dx
r:;,;
,,;1

seventy-nine unnasl \3"'"1Ixi1

.:',
..
eighty assl
eighty-one ikyasl


f
eighty-two bayasl
m eighty-three tirasl
fd
"<1ft
"
I


0-
eighty-four caurasl =c:f1 x I

eighty-five pacasl 4illfll
fJ
,;,:-,
};:
.. ;-
eighty-six chiyasl


,,:
eighty-seven sattasl xWlIxil
;..0"
'-"

>
eighty-eight atthasl
eighty-nine navasl
ninety navve/nabbe
ninety-one ikanve
61
CARDINAL NUMBERS
ninety-two
ninety-three
ninety-four
ninety-five
ninety-six
ninety-seven
ninety-eight
ninety-nine
hundred
thousand
a hundred thousand
a thousand thousand
;
ORDINALS
first
second
third
fourth


fifth
,

01
\
sixth

<,
tl
seventh
11
eighth


ninth
;
$1
"

tenth
i
eleventh
i:
I
twelfth



twentieth
."
11
thirtieth :11

:.;
fiftieth
hundredth
hundred and first
thousandth
62
banve
tiranve
cauranve
pacanve
chiyanve
sattanve
alhanve
ninyanve
sau
hazar
'lakli
karor pahla
pahla
diisra
tisra
cautha
paIhcvaIh
chatha
satvaIh
alhvaIh
nauvam
dasvaIh
gy arah vam
barahv arh
bisvam
tisvarh
pacasvarh
sauvam
ek sau ekvam
hazarvarh




fu'Q I
'{i'dl

P\rJH
xfr

cvrmr

11"&11


'tlT2IT
'"
tfrqCfT
t9cIT
'"

3TlOCfT
-w.rr
""
GffGT
'"
J{llxE:ClI
'"
mirCIT


""
Qill'HClI
xfrcff

'"
5\jJRCff
ADVERBS
2. ADVERBS
today
yesterday
tomorrow
day after tomorrow
day before yesterday
in the morning
in the evening
at noon
at night
all night
all day
now
then
when
always
sometime
sometimes
never
often
occasionally
seldom
formerly
once
twice
thrice
aj
kal
kal
parsorh
parsorh
subah
sam ko
dopahar ko
rat ko
fat bhar
din bhar
ab
tab
kab
hamesa
sadaiv
kabhi
kabhi-kabhi
kabhi-nahirh
aksar
prayal;t
yada-kada
pahle
ek bar
do bar
tin bar
31f\Jf




Xj%
wr;cffl
G'145x cffl
mcffl
m1N


C'fGf
.Cf)ij
6lf.m




3fC.R=R
m<:r:
<:fGT-Cf)Gf




Hindi uses the same words for yesterday and tomorrow.(see Introduction pg.ii)
63
ADVERBS
repeatedly bar bar 6fR6fR
one by one ek ek karke

'"
'here yaham IffiT
'"
there vaham Cffil
'"
where kaham cm:rr
over here idhar
over there udhar \3'eR
under nice
above iipar \WR
in front samne
behind . pIche -cfuJ
why kyom cr<.TI
how kaise
somehow jaise-taise
... .. ..
as (gradually) JaIse-JaJse

actually vastav mem Cli xf1 Cj Tt
aloud zorse
alternatively vikalp se

boldly bekhatke

carefully savdhani se
carelessly laparvahi se
C"llqxClIg, -fr
certainly nissandeh

cleverly caturai se 'q \ -fr
courageously himmat se f%Hid-fr
deliberately janbiijhkar \J'I1"i ii Cj? \!
diligently mehnat se -fr
comfortably aramse 3fRl11-fr
64
ADVERBS
completely purl)taya
consequently phalatal)
easily asani se
emphatica11y zor dekar
forcibly balat
fortunately bhagya se
frankly safsaf

frequently bahudha
honestly imandari se
humbly vinamrata se
inadvertantly anjane mem
intentionaly jan-bujhkar
kindly kppa karke
legitimately aucityapurvak
literally
later bad mem
lazily sust) se
loudly zor se
luckily bhagya se
normally sadharaI]taya
optimistically asavadita se
ordinarily samanyata
patiently dhairyapurvak
peacefull y santi se
perhaps say ad
preferably accha ho ki
probably sambhavta
'i
01t1
<:l1
"q)"(YKf:
i1


,

X1fCI? X1fCI?
x:q tCct <:l I

i1
fcl "1 til i1
3l "1 \lil il
\li Fi 'i$"I cpII!

311 Rk<:l 'i\4cp
3f&fffi:


\YiRi1

tITtll II! ltl <:l I

'HI'1I;xjtll



3ftUl 51 fcp

65
ADVERBS
promptly tatparta se
(101"(11 xl
quietly cupcap S4'il14
quickly jaldi
rarely virle hi

rationally samajhdari se xl
relatively diisrom ki tulna mem
shortly jaldi hi
shrewdly call1ki se 'ill C'li $) xl
, ;
i i
shyly sat'tkoc se
Cf)', 'il xl
sincerely lagan se
silently cupcap
. S4'il14
slowly dhire :?R
subsequently tadnantar C1 G'i 'f1 "<;
bad mem "6llG-B
suddenly anayas 3l'i11l1xi
acanak
3l 'ill 'i (fj
thoroughly acchi tarah se
('R"5
truly asal mem
. 3Tff(>f -B
vastutah
CRij"(i":
unanimously . ek avaz se 1;fCP 3fTCTT\If xl
unfortunately durbhagya se
visibly

violently zabardasti se xl
wisely buddhimani se 1R1ii I'll xl
I
I
!
'@
I
N
f
i.
t
i
I
:
I
VERBS
VERBS
Now I shall give some verbs in day to day use. Hindi has several sentence
structures where it is important to know whether the verb is transitive or
intransitive. Remember: Transitive verbs have a direct object. There is always
an answer to the question, 'What?' Intransitive verbs have no direct object. . For
instance, if you say, ' I eat.', there can be a legitimate question, ' What do you'
. eat?', the answer to which would be some object.. ..X, Y, Z. But if you say, 'I
go.', there can be questions with 'when', 'where', 'how', but never with 'what'.
Eat is verb transitive, 'go' is verb intransitive.
ask
ask (for something)
bake
be
boil
bring
buy
call
cough
cryvt.(cause someone to ... )
come
cook
cover
cryv.l.
cut
do
drink ( oneself)
drink ( offer to others)
dust
dryV.I.
piichna

'"
mamgna
tandiir mem sekna
hona iRT
ubalna \jill I6'1"'11
lana crrr"'11
kharidna
buHina
'"
khamsna t5l1'H"'11
rulana
'{')61 \"'1 1
ana 3lFI1
pakana 4CJJI"'11
Q-hakna dCJJ"'11
rona xFrr
katna tf>1 c"'1 1
karna
pina lfFrr
pilana
fQ611"'11
.jharna S"l 1'$"'1 I
siikhna
67
VERBS
dryv.t.
eat
feed (solid)
feed( liquid)
fry
garnish
get up
gIve
go
grate
i
. i
; !
grill
grind
hear
keep
laugh
v
1.(to ..oneself) .
laughV.t. (to make others ... )
listen
live
look / see/ wateh
make
narrate
peel
play( instrument)
play( a game)
roast
run
say
see
sukhana '\!9I'i1
khana
khilana Rs! (l1\'1 I
pilana fl\(l11 'i I
talna
sajana 'fi\J'l H I
u!hna \3O"il
dena
jana \JlFTI
retn-a
'"
arhe par bhiinana
pisna
q)'{i"il
sun ana
XfFI1
rakhna
""
harhsna
'"
harhsana 5'!il'1l
sunana
XfFI1
rahna W1T
dekhna
banana
sun ana 1'1 I "i I
ehilna
t&I (l1'1 I
bajana GJ \J'II '1 I
khelna

bhiinana
1fAT
daurna
bhagna 'JfTTAT
kahna
dekhna
68
I
, '::
;
':
,
I'
I
!fi. I
,
,

I
I , .
:
I
\
r
I
J
1
J
t
..
'"
sell
send
shake
show
smg
sit down
sleep
sneeze
smear
smell
soak
speak
spoil
sprinkle
stay
steal
stopV.i. (one self)
stopV.t. (someone/something)
study
swallow
take
taste
teach
tear
touch
wake(up oneself.)
wake(someone else up)
wash
wear
wm
becna
bhejna
hilana
dikhana
gana
baithna
sona
chiIhka
chuparna
siiIhghna
bhigona
bolna
bigarna
chirakna
thaharna
curana
rukna
rokna
par
hna
lUna, niglna
lena
cakhna
parhana
pharna
chiina
jagna
jagana
dhona
pahanana
jitna
VERBS
,


fgC'1I"i I

TTRf
tf<FI1
xfRT
SlCf)'11
14'$'11
'"


61
'\
IC'1'1 I
1I'$"i 1
ffy'$Cf)"i 1
cH5'<"i I

'{') Cf) '1\
'\
'<1Cf)'11

(>11
"
I,

IC'I'11
"WIT

"Cf<PT"i1
Cf> 1'$'1I
tfIT


tTFrr
46"i'11

,.
69
.4
NOUNS
NOUNS
acquaintance vakfiat
afternoon aprahn 31 4'1!1i:F'Im
anger krodh

arrogance ghamar:u;l
ElJio\Sm.sg
article lekh

bed palarig
WTm.sg
bedding bistar
fit'R1'1!m.sg.
(matress,sheet, pillow etc. all combined)
bitterness karvahat
Ch'$CI I6C
f
.
s
g
blanket kambal
Chf:tSl (YIm.sg.
book kitab
f.sg
book pustak
9)'t"(1Ch
f
.
s
g
boredom fib
\j)ijf.sg
boy 1ark a
(>1'$Chl
m
.
s
g
boyhood larakpan
(>1'$Ch 4'""Im.sg
brackishness kharapan
'!SIN I4'""1
m
.
s
g
breakfast nasta
'1"ffiffm.sg
brother bhai

chair kursl

""
f.sg.
child bacca

childhood bacpan
61:q4'""1
m
.
s
g
church girjaghar
fil'l!\Ji1 El'l!m.sg
cleverness caturai

" cloud
badal

courage himmat
ffiROfctf.sg
70
cunningness
cupboard
.;
,
,
day
, j
defect
delicacies
depth
dew
diligence
dinner
disappointment
dishonesty
door
drizzle
dust
earth
editor
education
j
eloquence
emotion
entertainmen t
essay
&4 '

evemng
"
.

excitement
f-
fall
family
father'
NOUNS
dilaki

almari,

din

kharabi
'<$'< IcfIf.sg
pakvan
4CPql'i
m
.
s
g
gahrai

os
3ffi:rf.sg
mehant

rat ka khana

nirasa

beimanl

(larvaza

biirhda-barhdi

dhiil

dharti

sampadak
fI+qIGcpm.sg


vakpatuta
qlCP4Cdlf.sg
..::>
bhavna
1-lfCT'i1
f
.
s
g
-'
manoranJan

nibandh

sam
WJl1f.sg
uttejna
\3ct9\li'i If.sg
patjhar

parivar
4Rqlx
m
.
sg
pita fimT
71
NOUNS
fiance mailgetar
.,
tf dx
floor faTS

food khana

forenoon piirvahn
formality aupcarikta
3ft 4"iJ1 RCf>d1f.sg
frustration kuntha
CffUQTf.sg
;.:)
goodness acchai

greatness barappan
61 '$tq'im.sg
hail ole

happiness khusi

health swasthya

heaviness bharipan
'+IIl4'i
m
.
s
g
height urhcai

honesty imandari

hope asa
3TTm
f
.
s
g
ummid

house
. makan
tfCf>1'i m.sg .
ceiling chat
"00 f.sg..
habit'
adat
3lTGCi f.sg.
humidity umas
\31Rif.sg
humility vinamratii
FcHMd,f.sg
hurricane tiifan

husband pati tJR1
inflation mahrhgaI

insipidity phlkapan
t61Cf>14'i
m
.
s
g
injustice anyay

insolence dhithai
f.sg
72
NOUNS
intelligence hosiyari


interest rUCI
journalist samvaddata
fiClIGGldl
m
.
sg

justice nyay

largeness
harm

laziness alas
, length lamhai
(YI 'ill I

i
lightening hijli
::J
gC' I q '"lm.sg
lightness halkapan
lunch din ka khana


man admi
manhood admiat

TfC'\GTm. sg
matress gadda

mist dhundh
moherhood mat:ftva
ftIQC"Clm.sg
morning subah
ftff\J1 qm.sg
mosque masjid
mother mata l1Tffi
nervousness ghahraha! tlfllx15c:
f

news khabar
samacar
'Hftl'tHxm.sg
newspaper samacarpatra
'f1ftlit Ixq=;tm.sg
sg
akhbar
31'<$fIIlx
m
.
night rat XICl
f
noon dopahar
cnqgx
f

novel upanyas
73
,- '-'- '-"- -
.,f" .
f

I
1
NOUNS
obstruction
ocean
old age
optimism
pessimism
pillow
praise
pungency
quilt
ram
religeon
rich
nver
mountain
rock
room
roundness
sadness
sale
sand
season
sheet
shopping
sickness
sister
sky
smallness
'7A
rukava!
samudra
burhapa
asavad
nirasavad
palaIigpos
prasansa
titapan
razai
baris
dharm
dhani
nadi
pahar
canan
kamra
golai
udasi
bikri
ret
r
itu
cadar
kharidfu-i
bimari
bahan
asman
cho!apan
'() Cf) /CI c
f




RiX611/
m
.
cfldlQ1
m






ifccl1f.sg
,
'C.f)lNTm. sg.



mf.sg
?ftgf.sg
'iflG'X"f. s g




tplclQ1
m


,:.J


L;
d
i;

J1
l
"
r!
, ,\

i

",i;
,.
\
!\
I
1


c"

?
,
.;
i
L

,
\
snow
soil
sorrow
sourness
spnng
stone
storm
story
student
stupidity
summer
surprise
sweet
table
tablecloth
talk
teacher
temple(Hindu-)
temple(Sikh-)
tension
train
trench
trouble
unhappiness
wall
weather
NOUNS

barf

mittr ,
dukh

khaUis

bas ant
6RteT
f
.
s
g
patthar
arhdhr
kahani
UV5fm.sg
chatra
mtirkhta

lllfff.sg
garmi

hairani
mithas

mez
f.sg.
mezpos
f.sg.

bat



mandir
gurudvara !!tJ&lxl
m
.
sg
CFlTCTm.sg
tanav

gari

khai
paresani


dukh
divar mcn-x
m
lfR:r:Im.sg
mausam
75
KITH AND KIN
width
wife
wind
window
winter
wisdom
woman
womanhood
'l11
youth
,.
,
I
iH
m KINSHIP
I
!*

AUNTS:
wife of younger brother
of father
wife of older brother
of father
wife ofmother's brother
mother's sister
father's sister
SmLINGS:
'.
Ii-
I

jl

brother
!,
brother's wife
t
f
.,
I
"!
;1
sister


.:"
""(
;'-1

patnI
hava
khirkI
sardi
buddhimani
auratl nan
auratpan
narItva
.
javani
cad
tai
mami
mausi
phuphi, bua
bhai
bhabhi
bahan
('
f.sg

6ClT
f
.
sg
f.sg





\l1cH41
f
.
s
g

+lNfr




76
KITH AND KIN
sister's husband jija
COUSINS
son of mother's sister mausera bhai
\{ I
daughter of mother's sister mauseri bahan %"1
mother's brother's son mamera bhai

mother's brother's daughter mameri bahan
son of father's brother cacera bhai
daughter of father's brother caceribahan
son of father's sister phuphera bhai

daughter of father's sister phupheri bahan %"1
GRANDPARENTS
father's father dada
G"[Cff
mother'ss father nana -.::rFIl
father's mother dadi GTtfr
mother's mother nani
.,-AT
PARENTS:
father pita ji fitffi"Gfi
mother mata ji +rrffi"Gfi
UNCLES:
younger brother of father caca
-:qrr.rr
older brother of father taya CfT'm
brother of mother miima l1fl1l
husband of mother's sister mausa 1lNrr
husband of father's sister phupha

77
CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIONS
and
although
as if
as though
because
but
either..X.. or...Y..
if
in that case
aur
va
ataJ.:t
evam
yadyapi
man0
jaise ki
kyorhki
lekin
parantu
magar
par
ya X.......ya ..... Y
yadi
to
(relative conjunct)

.

lf1R
tf{
mx.... my.....

m
(m has several uses. It functions as a conjunct at the beginning of a clause)
nevertheless
neither..X.. nor. ..Y..
on the contrary
or
or else
so that
78
tathapi
na X ....... na ..... Y
balki
ya lathva
nahirh to Ivarna
taki

rr x....rr Y..... .


;:ffi! m/qx;:rr

COMPOUND POSTPOSITIONS'
that ki
therefore islie
that is yani
the one who, jo ki
which
neither..X .. nor.Y ... na X ...... na ..... Y
COMPOUND POSTPOSITIONS
q3ffRij
ke bare mem
q3 ai j'{i Ix
ke anusar
q3mG
ke bad
q33Wr
ke age
q3 CfjlxOI
ke karat)
ki vajah se

ke pahle
q31fiU
ke piche
\
.i
q3 aiRlRCfd ke ,atirikt
I)

ke lie
\


ke samne
\
}
ki tarahlbhamti
q3lfR1*
ke pa s *
cCr ki or/taraf

ke fipar
"
'I
!

ke ni ce

ke sath


ke bina

;::,.;


1i
fct>


\YI1fct>
(relative conjunct)
Tl X...... Tl Y .....
about
according to
after
ahead of
because of
because of
before
behind
besides
for
in frontof
like
near
towards
upon
under
with
without
79
POSTPOSITIONS
1. -;p:fCp "$ 2. XJl1"$ 3. 4. en "$ 5. m "$ 3FGX
6. m "$ 7. W 8. 3nlT 9. "$ 10. "$ I 11.
"$ I 12. 3TIll "$ CfJ I,\! 01 I
1. namak ke bina 2. ram ke sath 3. uske lie 4. do baje ke bad, 5 ghar ke andar
, ,
6. ghar ke bahar 7. mere pIche 8. mere age, 9. mez ke iipar 10. mez ke nIce. 11.
us ke bare mem 12. ap ke karaJ).
1. without salt 2. with Ram 3. for himl her 4. after 2 o'clock 5. in the house 6.
out of the house 7. behind me 8. ahead of me 9. on the table 10. under the
table. 11 . about himlher 12. because of you.
r::r m1WfI *ke pas has two (1) to express proximity, and (2) to
express possession .Examples:
1. "Q"Ri en I I have two books.
mere pas do kitabem haim.
"Q"Ri :Pl I She has much money.
uske pas bahut dhan haL
3. Cfm "Q"Ri Do you have a pen?
kya apke pas kalam hai?
"Q"Ri tffi1T I HelShe has an umbrella.
uske pas chata haL
G" * m1WfI ke pas in the sense of is not used for
relatives, or body limbs, for which the possessive pronouns such as mera,
mere, meri etc. are used. Example:
en I mere do hath haim. I have two hands
\3f1cGl en I uski do mataeth haith. Hel She has two mothers.
80

WEATHER
Weather Related Vocabulary
cloud
cloudy
cold
drizzle
good weather
hail
heat
humid
lightning
mild/pleasant weather
mist
nasty weather
overcast
ram
showers
storm
stormy
strong wind
thunder
thunder
to be misty
to drizzle
to hail
..
to pour
,r

to rain
wind
windstorm! gale
windy day
meghl badal
meghachadit
thaQ9 I sit
biirhda-barhdi
accha mausam
ole
garmi
umas
bijIi
suhavna mausam
dhurhdh/kuhra
kharab mausam
meghachann
baris
bauchar
tiifan
tiifani
tez hava
garaJ
garajna (vi.)
dhurhdh hona
biirhda-bathdi hona
ole pa.rna
musladhar baris hona
bans hona
hava (f.)
arhdhi(f.)
tiifani din

(adj.)


(f.)

(m.pl.
Tf4T (f.)
\3"lR1 (f.)
(f.)
't!1 ct'i I (m.)
(f.) tcg1ru (m.)

(adj.)

mx(f.)

(adj.)

TR\Jf
J IxGi'i1


..)



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81