Bonifacio and the Katipunan The failure of the reform movement was already evident as early as 1892 when

Rizal was arrested and then banished to Dapitan. Andres Bonifacio, a man of scanty education but nevertheless highly intelligent, founded the Katipunan on the very night that the news of Rizal's deportation to Dapitan leaked out. Unlike the members of the middle class, Bonifacio and his plebeian associates did not dream of mere reforms. Thus the Katipunan was founded on a radical platform, namely, to secure the independence and freedom of the Philippines by force of arms. The Katipunan Objectives Under the leadership of Bonifacio the Katipunan laid down three fundamental objectives or aims political moral Civic Moral objective the teaching of good manners, hygiene, good morals, and attacking obscurantism, religious fanaticism, and weakness of character. The civic aim the principle of self-help and the defense of the poor and the oppressed All members were urged to come to the aid of the sick comrades and their families In case of death the society itself was to pay for the funeral expenses

The Founding of the Katipunan The news of Rizal's deportation shocked and surprised the people, for Rizal to them was the symbol of freedom.

That night of July 7, 1892 Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and a few others met secretly at a house on Azcarrga Decided to form an association called Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang na Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan, or Katipunan for short The men gathered around, performed the ancient blood compact and signed their membership papers with their own blood It was agreed to win more members to the society by means of the triangle method original member A, for instance, would take in new members B and C. Both B and C knew A, but B and C did not know each other Also agreed upon during the meeting was the payment of an fees Entrance fee: real fuerte (twenty- five centavos) Monthly due of a medio real (about twelve centavos.) The Structure of the Katipunan it was influenced by Masonry in so far as initiation rites were concerned, and by Rizal's La Liga Filipina as to organization. Bonifacio was a member of the Liga and was also a Masonbeing affiliated with the lodge Taliba. The society had three governing bodies: the Kataastaasang Sanggunian or the Supreme Council, was the highest governing body of the society and was composed of a president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller or interventor.

the Sangguniang Bayan or Provincial Council, the Sangguniang Balangay or Popular Council respectively, the province and the municipality or town. Judicial matters affecting the members of the society were referred to a sort of court known as the Sangguniang Hukuman or Judicial Council It sat as a court of justice to pass judgment on any member who violated the rules of the society or to mediate between quarreling brethren or factions. During its existence, the Judicial Council had not passed the death sentence on any member. But a Secret Chamber, composed of Bonifacio, Jacinto, Valenzuela, sentenced some members to be expelled for having allegedly violated the secrets of the society. The triangle method of taking in members was so slow and clumsy, October 1892 Bonifacio convened the original members and decided to change the method of recruiting members. It was agreed that any member of the society could take in as many new members as he could get. Under this new method the membership of the society reached more than 100.

First Supreme Council NAME Deodato Arellano Andres Bonifacio Ladislao Diwa Teodoro Plata Valentin Diaz POSITION President or Supremo Interventor or Comptroller Fiscal Secretary Treasurer NAME POSITION Andres Bonifacio President or Supremo Emilio Jacinto Fiscal Jose Turiano Secretary Santiago Vicente Molina Treasurer Pio Vbienzuela Physician Pantalneon Torress Physician Aguedo del Rosario Councilor Doroteo Trinidad Councilor The Katipunan Codes To maintain the secrets of their communications Bonifacio evolved a system of writing that would make it difficult, if not impossible, for the Spanish authorities to discover the existence of the society. Several codes were made, the first of which was the following:

Andrs Bonifacio y de Castro "President" Bonifacio in La Ilustracin Espaola y Americana, February 8, 1897 President of the Philippines (Unofficial) Tagalog Republic In office August 24, 1896 March 10 or 22, 1897 Preceded by Post Established Succeeded by Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy Personal details Born November 30, 1863 Tondo, Manila, Philippines Died May 10, 1897 (aged 33) Maragondon, Cavite, Philippines Resting place Remains Lost Political party La Liga Filipina Katipunan Spouse(s) Gregoria de Jess Profession Revolutionary Religion Roman Catholicism

In a meeting in February 1893 Bonifacio, disgusted over Arellano's inaction, deposed him and put Roman Basa in his place as Supremo. The officers of this second Supreme Council were: NAME Roman Basa Andres Bonifacio Jose Turiano Santiago Vicente Molina Valentin Diaz Briccio Pantas Restituto Javier Teodoro Plata Teodoro Gonzales Ladislao Diwa POSITION President or Supremo Fiscal Secretary Treasurer Councilor Councilor Councilor Councilor Councilor Councilor

Emilio Jacinto Brains of the Katipunan President of the Philippines (Unofficial) Tagalog Republic In office August 24, 1896 March 10 or 22, 1897 Parents: Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon enrolled at San Juan de Letran College and later at the University of Santo Tomas

When, early in 1895 Bonifacio realized that Roman Basa was an ineffectual as Deodato Arellano, he called a meeting of the society and promptly deposed Basa. The election resulted in the elevation of the following to the different offices:

Personal details Born Disyembre 15, 1875 Trozo, Maynila Died Abril 16, 1899 (edad 23) Sta. Cruz, Laguna,Laguna Resting place Remains Lost Political party La Liga Filipina Katipunan The Teachings of the Katipunan Realizing the importance of a primer to indoctrinate the members of the society in its ideals, Jacinto prepared one which he called Kartilla The Kartilla consisted of thirteen "teachings" which the members of the society were expected to follow. Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and sacred cause is like a tree without a shadow, if not a poisonous weed. A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not from a desire to do good is not kindness. True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving one's fellow-men and in adjusting every movement, deed and word to true Reason. All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be superior to another in knowledge, wealth and beauty, but cannot be superior in being. He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who is mean prefers personal profit to honor. To a man with a sense of shame, his word is inviolate. Don't fritter away time; lost riches .may be recovered, but time lost will never come again. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor. An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that must be guarded.

In the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife and children; if he who guides moves toward evil, they who are guided likewise move toward evil. Think not of woman as a thing merely to while away time with, but as a helper and partner in the hardships of life. Respect her in her weakness, and remember the mother who brought you into this world and who cared for you in your childhood. What you do not want done to your wife, daughter and sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of another. The nobility of a man does not consist in being a king, nor in the highness of the nose and the whiteness of the skin, nor in being a priest representing God, nor in the exalted position on this earth, but pure and truly noble is he who, though born in the woods, is possessed of an upright character; who is true to his words; who has dignity and honor; who does not oppress and does not help those who oppress; who knows how to look after and love the land of his birth. Bonifacio: The Duties of the Sons of the People Love God with all your heart. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of Country, and this, too, is love of one's fellowmen. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and happiness is to die for the freedom of your country. All your good wishes will be crowned with success if you BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUhave serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in your acts and endeavor. Guard the mandates and aims of the K.K.K. as you guard your honor. It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of their own lives and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the performance of his duty.

Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our duties will be the example set for our fellowmen to follow. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means with the poor and the unfortunate. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the tr-e basis of love love for your own self, for your wife and children, and for your brothers and countrymen. Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good work. Believe, likewise, that the aims of the K.K.K. are God-given for the will of the people is also the will of God. The Women's Chapter of the Katipunan Women who joined the Katipunan were limited to the wives, daughters, or close relatives of the Katipuneros. The womens chapter of the Katipunan was formed in July 1893. Only about thirty females were known to have joined this secret society. The women did not have to seal their membership with a blood compact. During Katipunan meetings, they wore green masks, and white sashes with green borders. Sometimes they carried revolvers or daggers. They usually served as lookouts in the outer sala (living room) while the men held their secret meetings in the backroom.