CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973

Preamble 1 - THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 [Act, No. 2 of 1974] [25th January, 1974] PREAMBLE An Ac t to c onsolidate and amend the law relating to Criminal Proc edure. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:

Chapter 1 - PRELIMINARY THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 [Act, No. 2 of 1974] [25th January, 1974] PREAMBLE An Ac t to c onsolidate and amend the law relating to Criminal Proc edure. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:

Section 1 - Short title, extent and commencement (1) This Ac t may be c alled the Code of Criminal Proc edure, 1973. (2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir : Provided that the provisions of this Code, other than those relating to Chapters VIII, X and XI thereof, shall not apply-(a) to the State of Nagaland, (b) to the tribal areas, but the conc erned State Government may, by notific ation apply such provisions or any of them to the whole or part of the State of Nagaland or such tribal areas, as the case may be, with suc h supplemental, inc idental or c onsequential modifications, as may be spec ified in the notific ation. Explanation.-In this sec tion, "tribal areas" means the territories whic h immediately before the 21st day of January, 1972, were inc luded in the tribal areas of Assam, as referred to in paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution, other than those within the local limits of the munic ipality of Shillong. (3) It shall c ome into force on the 1st day of April, 1974.

Section 2 - Definitions

In this Code, unless the c ontext otherwise requires,(a) "bailable offence" means an offenc e whic h is shown as bailable in the First Sc hedule, or whic h is made bailable by any other law for the time being in force; and "non-bailable offenc e" means any other offence; (b) "c harge" inc ludes any head of c harge when the c harge contains more heads than one: (c ) "c ognizable offenc e" means an offence for whic h, and "c ognizable c ase" means a c ase in which, a polic e offic er may, in acc ordance with the First Sc hedule or under any other law for the time being in forc e, arrest without warrant; (d) "c omplaint" means any allegation made orally or in writing to a Magistrate, with a view to his taking ac tion under this Code, that some person, whether known or unknown, has c ommitted an offenc e, but does not inc lude a polic e report. Explanation.-A report made by a police officer in a c ase whic h disc loses, after investigation, the c ommission of a non-c ognizable offence shall be deemed to be a c omplaint; and the polic e offic er by whom suc h report is made shall be deemed to be the c omplainant; (e) "High Court" means,-(i) in relation to any Stale, the High Court for that State; (ii) in relation to a Union territory to which the jurisdiction of the High Court for a State has been extended by law, that High Court; (iii) in relation to any other Union territory, the highest Court of c riminal appeal for that territory other than the Supreme Court of India; (f) "India" means the territories to whic h this Code extends; (g) "inquiry" means every inquiry, other than a trial, conduc ted under this Code by a Magistrate or Court; (h) "investigation" includes all the proc eedings under this Code for the c ollec tion of evidenc e conduc ted by a police offic er or by any person (other than a Magistrate) who is authorised by a Magistrate in this behalf; (i) "judic ial proc eeding" includes any proc eeding in the course of which evidenc e is or may be legally taken on oath; (j) "local jurisdiction", in relation to a Court or Magistrate, means the local area within whic h the Court or Magistrate may exerc ise all or any of its or his powers under this Code 1 [and suc h local area may c omprise the whole of the State, or any part of the State, as the State Government may, by notific ation, spec ify]; (k) "metropolitan area" means the area dec lared, or deemed to be declared, under section 8, to be a metropolitan area; (l) "non-c ognizable offenc e'' means an offence for whic h, and "non-cognizable case" means a c ase in whic h, a police offic er has no authority to arrest without warrant; (m) "notific ation" means a notification published in the Official Gazette; (n) "offence" means any act or omission made punishable by any law for the time being in forc e and includes any ac t in respec t of which a c omplaint may be made under section 20 of the Cattle-trespass Act, 1871 (1 of 1871); (o) "offic er in charge of a polic e station" inc ludes, when the offic er in c harge of the police station is absent from the station-house or unable from illness or other c ause to perform his duties, the polic e offic er present at the station-house who is next in rank to suc h offic er and is above the rank of c onstable or, when, the State Government so directs, any other polic e offic er so present; (p) "plac e" inc ludes a house, building, tent, vehic le and vessel; (q) "pleader", when used with referenc e to any proceeding in any Court, means a person authorised by or under any law for the time being in forc e, to prac tise in suc h Court, and includes any other appointed with the permission of the Court to ac t in suc h proc eeding; (r) "police report" means a report forwarded by a police officer to a Magistrate under subsec tion (2) of sec tion 173;

(s) "polic e station" means any post or place dec lared generally or specially by the State Government, to be a polic e station, and includes any loc al area spec ified by the State Government in this behalf; (t) "presc ribed" means presc ribed by rules made under this Code; (u) "Public Prosec utor" means any person appointed under sec tion 24, and inc ludes any person ac ting under the direc tions of a Public Prosecutor; (v) "sub-division" means a sub-division of a distric t; (w) "summons-case" means a case relating to an offenc e, and not being a warrant-c ase;
2[(wa) "vic tim" means a person who has suffered any loss or injury c aused by reason of

the act or omission for which the ac c used person has been c harged and the expression "vic tim" inc ludes his or her guardian or legal heir] (x) "warrant-c ase" means a c ase relating to an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term exc eeding two years; (y) words and expressions used herein and not defined but defined in the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) have the meanings respec tively assigned to them in that Code.

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1. Inserted by Act 45 of 1978, Se ction 2 (w.e.f. 18-12-1978). 2. Inserted by C ode of C rim ina l Procedure (Am endm e nt) Act, 2008 to be effective from 31.12.2009 vide No tification No . S.O . 3313(E) da ted 30.12.2009.

Section 3 - Construction of references

(1) In this Code,-

(a) any reference, without any qualifying words, to a Magistrate shall be c onstrued, unless the context otherwise requires,(i) in relation to an area outside a metropolitan area, as a referenc e to a Judic ial Magistrate; (ii) in relation to a metropolitan area, as a reference to a Metropolitan Magistrate; (b) any referenc e to a Magistrate of the sec ond c lass shall, in relation to an area outside a metropolitan area, be c onstrued as a referenc e to a Judic ial Magistrate of the sec ond c lass, and, in relation to a Metropolitan area, as a reference to a Metropolitan Magistrate; (c ) any referenc e to a Magistrate of the first class shall,-(i) in relation to a Metropolitan area, be construed as a referenc e to a Metropolitan Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in that area; (ii) in relation to any other area, be construed as a reference to a Judic ial Magistrate of the first class exerc ising jurisdic tion in that area; (d) any referenc e to the Chief Judic ial Magistrate shall, in relation to a Metropolitan area, be c onstrued as a referenc e to the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate exercising jurisdic tion in that area. (2) In this Code, unless the c ontext otherwise requires, any reference to the Court of a Judic ial Magistrate shall, in relation to a Metropolitan area, be construed as a reference to the Court of the Metropolitan Magistrate for that area. (3) Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference in any enac tment passed before the c ommenc ement of this Code.(a) to a Magistrate of the first c lass, shall be c onstrued as a referenc e to a Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass; (b) to a Magistrate of the second c lass or of the third c lass, shall be construed as a referenc e to a Judic ial Magistrate of the second c lass; (c ) to a Presidenc y Magistrate or Chief Presidenc y Magistrate, shall be construed as a referenc e, respectively, to a Metropolitan magistrate or the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate; (d) to any area whic h is inc luded in a metropolitan area, as a reference to suc h metropolitan area, and any referenc e to a Magistrate of the first c lass or of the sec ond c lass in relation to such area, shall be construed as a referenc e to the Metropolitan Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in suc h area. (4) Where, under any law, other than this Code, the functions exerc isable by a Magistrate relate to matters-(a) whic h involve the apprec iation or shifting of evidenc e or the formulation of any dec ision whic h exposes any person to any punishment or penalty or detention in c ustody pending investigation, inquiry or trial or would have the effec t of sending him for trial before any Court, they shall, subjec t to the provisions of this Code, be exerc isable by a Judic ial Magistrate; or (b) whic h are administrative or exec utive in nature, suc h as, the granting of a lic enc e, the suspension or c anc ellation of a lic ence, sanctioning a prosec ution or withdrawing from a prosec ution, they shall, subjec t as aforesaid, be exerc isable by an Exec utive Magistrate. STATE AMENDMENTS
1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands (U.T.)

(1) After sec tion 3, the following sec tion shall be inserted, namely :--"3-A Special provision relating to Andaman and Nic obar islands.--(1) Referenc e in this Code to : (a) The Chief Judicial Magistrate shall be c onstrued as referenc es to the Distric t Magistrate or, where the State Government so directs, also to the Additional Distric t Magistrate; (b) a Magistrate or Magistrate of the first c lass or of the sec ond c lass or Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass or of the sec ond c lass, shall be c onstrued as referenc es to suc h Executive Magistrate as the State Government may, be notific ation in the Offic ial Gazette, specify.

(2) The State Government may, if it is of opinion that adequate number of persons are available for appointment as Judic ial Magistrate, by notification in the Official Gazette, dec lare that the provisions of this sec tion shall, on and from suc h day as may be spec ified in the notific ation, c ease to be in forc e and different dates may be spec ified for different islands. (3) On the c esser of operation of the provisions of this sec tion every inquiry or trial pending, immediately before suc h cesser, before the Distric t Magistrate or Additional District Magistrate or any Exec utive Magistrate, as the c ase may be, shall stand transferred, and shall be dealt with, from the stage whic h was reached before, suc h c esser, by such Judicial Magistrate as the State Government may spec ify in this behalf."
2 Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram:

After sub-sec tion (4), the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted, namely:-"(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section,-(i) any reference in such of the provisions of this Code, as applied to the Union territories of Arunac hal Pradesh and Mizoram, to the Courts mentioned in Column (1) of the Table below shall, until the Courts of Session and Courts of Judic ial Magistrate are c onstituted in the said Union territories be c onstrued as references to the Court of Magistrate mentioned in the c orresponding entry in Column (2) of that Table. TABLE 1 Court of Session or Sessions Judge or Chief Judic ial Magistrate. Magistrate or Magistrate of the First Class or Judicial Magistrate of the First Class. 2 Distric t Magistrate. Executive Magistrate.

(ii) the func tions mentioned in c lause (a) of sub-sec tion (4) shall be exerc isable by an Exec utive Magistrate." The Chief Commissioners and the Additional Deputy Commissioners, in the Union territory of Arunachal Pradesh, were appointed to be Executive Magistrate].
3 Nagaland:

'After sub-sec tion (4), insert the following sub-section whic h shall be deemed always to have been so:-"(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this section,-(i) any reference in suc h of the provisions of this Code, as applied to the State of Nagaland to the Court and authority mentioned in Column (1) of the Table below shall, until the Courts of Session and Court of Judic ial Magistrates are c onstituted in the said areas, be construed as references to the Court and authority mentioned in the c orresponding entry in Column (2) of that Table. TABLE 1 Court of Session or Session Judge or Chief Magistrate. Magistrate or Magistrate of the first c lass or Judicial Magistrate of the first c lass. 2 District Magistrate or Additional Judic ial District Magistrate. Exec utive Magistrate.

(ii) references mentioned in sub-section (3) to a Judicial Magistrate and func tions mentioned in sub-section (4) exercisable by a Judicial Magistrate and Exec utive Magistrate shall be c onstrued as referenc es to, and exerc ised by, Deputy Commissioner and Additional Deputy Commissioner and Assistant to Deputy Commissioner appointed under any law in forc e: Provide that an Assistant to Deputy Commissioner shall exercise suc h powers of a Judicial Magistrate as may be invested by the Governor"

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1. Regulation 1 of 1974, Section 3 (w.e.f. 30-3-1974).

2. Vide Notification No. Jud. 25/74, dated 2nd April, 1974. 3. Vide Nagaland Gazette, dated 19th June, 1975.

Section 4 - Trial of offences under the Indian Penal Code and other laws

(1) All offenc es under the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) shall be investigated, inquired into, tried, and otherwise dealt with ac cording to the provisions hereinafter contained. (2) All offenc es under any other law shall be investigated, inquired into, tried, and otherwise dealt with ac cording to the same provisions, but subjec t to any enactment for the lime being in forc e regulating the manner or plac e of investigating, inquiring into, trying or otherwise dealing with suc h offences.

Section 5 - Saving Nothing c ontained in this Code shall, in the absence of a specific provision to the c ontrary, affect any spec ial or loc al law for the time being in forc e, or any spec ial jurisdic tion or power c onferred, or any spec ial form of procedure presc ribed, by any other law for the time being in forc e.

Chapter 2 - CONSTITUTION OF CRIMINAL COURTS AND OFFICES Nothing c ontained in this Code shall, in the absence of a specific provision to the c ontrary, affect any spec ial or loc al law for the time being in forc e, or any spec ial jurisdic tion or power c onferred, or any spec ial form of procedure presc ribed, by any other law for the time being in forc e.

Section 6 - Classes of Criminal Courts Besides the High Courts and the Courts constituted under any law, other than this Code, there shall be, in every State, the following c lasses of Criminal Courts, namely:-(i) Courts of Session; (ii) Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass and, in any Metropolitan area, Metropolitan Magistrate; (iii) Judic ial Magistrate of the second c lass; and (iv) Exec utive Magistrates.

Section 7 - Territorial divisions (1) Every State shall be a sessions division or shall c onsist of sessions divisions; and every sessions division shall, for the purposes of this Code, be a distric t or consist of distric ts: Provided that every metropolitan area shall, for the said purposes, be a separate sessions division and distric t. (2) The State Government may, after c onsultation with the High Court, alter the limits or the number of suc h divisions and districts. (3) The State Government may, after consultation with the High Court, divide any district into sub-divisions and may alter the limits or the number of such sub-divisions. (4) The sessions divisions, distric ts and sub-divisions existing in a State at c ommenc ement of this Code, shall be deemed to have been formed under this sec tion. the

Section 8 - Metropolitan areas (1) The State Government may, by notification, dec lare that, as from suc h date as may be specified in the notification, any area in the State c omprising a city or town whose population exc eeds one million shall be a metropolitan area for the purposes of this Code. (2) As from the commenc ement of this Code, eac h of the Presidency-towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras and the city of Ahmedabad shall be deemed to be dec lared under subsec tion (1) to be a metropolitan area. (3) The State Government may, by notification, extend, reduc e or alter the limits of a metropolitan area but the reduc tion or alteration shall not be so made as to reduc e the population of such area to less than one million. (4) Where, after an area has been dec lared, or deemed to have been declared to be, a metropolitan area, the population of suc h area falls below one million, suc h area shall, on and from suc h date as the State Government may, by notific ation, spec ify in this behalf, c ease to be a metropolitan area; but notwithstanding suc h cesser, any inquiry, trial or appeal pending immediately before such c esser before any Court or Magistrate in suc h area shall c ontinue to be dealt with under this Code, as if suc h cesser had not taken plac e. (5) Where the State Government reduc es or alters, under sub-sec tion (3), the limits of any metropolitan area, suc h reduc tion or alteration shall not affect any inquiry, trial or appeal pending immediately before such reduc tion or alteration before any Court or Magistrate, and

every suc h inquiry, trial or appeal shall c ontinue to be dealt with under this Code as if suc h reduction or alteration had not taken plac e. Explanation.In this sec tion, the expression "population" means the population as asc ertained at the last prec eding c ensus of whic h the relevant figures have been published.

Section 9 - Court of Session

(1) The State Government shall establish a Court of Session for every sessions division. (2) Every Court of Session shall be presided over by a Judge, to be appointed by the High Court. (3) The High Court may also appoint Additional Sessions Judges and Assistant Sessions Judges to exercise jurisdic tion in a Court of Session. (4) The Sessions Judge of one sessions division may be appointed by the High Court to be also an Additional Sessions Judge of another division, and in suc h case he may sit for the disposal of c ases at suc h place or plac es in the other division as the High Court may direc t. (5) Where the office of the Sessions Judge is vac ant, the High Court may make arrangements for the disposal of any urgent applic ation whic h is, or may be, made or pending before suc h Court of Session by an Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge, or, if there be no Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge, by a Chief Judic ial Magistrate, in the sessions division; and every suc h Judge or Magistrate shall have jurisdiction to deal with any suc h application. (6) The Court of Sessions shall ordinarily hold its sitting at suc h plac e or plac es an the High Court may, by notific ation, specify; but, if, in any partic ular c ase, the Court of Session is of opinion that it will tend to the general c onvenience of the parties and witnesses to hold its sittings at any other plac e in the sessions division, it may, with the c onsent of the prosec ution and the ac cused, sit at that plac e for the disposal of the c ase or the examination of any witness or witnesses therein. Explanation.-For the purposes of this Code, "appointment" does not inc lude the first appointment, posting or promotion of a person by the Government to any Servic e, or post in c onnec tion with the affairs of the Union or of a State, where under any law, suc h appointment, posting or promotion is required to be made by Government. STATE AMENDMENTS
1 [2 Uttar Pradesh:

In sec tion 9 after sub-sec tion (5), the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted, namely:"(5-A) In the even of the death, resignation, removal or transfer of the Sessions Judge, or of his being inc apacitated by illness or otherwise for the performance of his duties, or of his absenc e from his place at whic h his Court is held, the senior most among the Additional Sessions Judges, and the Assistant Sessions Judges present at the plac e, and in their absenc e !he Chief Judicial Magistrate shall without relinquishing his ordinary duties assume c harge of the offic e of the Sessions Judge and c ontinue in c harge there of until the offic e is resumed by the sessions judge or assumed by an officer appointed thereto, and shall subject to the provision of this Code and any rules made by the High Court in this behalf, exerc ise any of the powers of the Sessions Judge." In sec tion 9, in sub-sec tion (6), insert the following proviso:-"Provided that the Court of Sessions may hold, or the High Court may direc t the Court of Session to hold its sitting in any partic ular case at any place in the Sessions Division, where it appears expedient to do so for considerations of internal sec urity or public order, and in such c ases, the c onsent of the prosec ution and the ac c used shall not be nec essary."
3 West Bengal:

In sec tion, to sub-sec tion (3) of sec tion 9 the following provisos shall be added:-"Provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary c ontained in this Code. Additional Sessions Judge in a sub-division, other than the sub-division, by whatever name c alled, wherein the headquarters of the Sessions Judges are situated, exercising jurisdic tion in a

Court of Session, shall have all the powers of the Sessions Judge under this Code, in respec t of the c ases and proceedings in the Criminal Courts in that sub-division, for the purposes of sub-section (7) of session 116 sec tions 193 and, c lause (a) of sec tion 209 and sec tions 409, 439 and 449: Provided further that the above powers shall not be in derogation of the powers otherwise exerc isable by an Additional Sessions Judge or a Sessions Judge under this Code."

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1. Vide U.P. Act 1 of 1984, Section 2 (w.e.f 1-5-1984). 2. Vide U.P. Act 16of 1976, Section 2 (w.e.f. 28-11-1975). 3. Vide W.B. Act 24 of 1988, Section 3.

Section 10 - Subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges (1) All Assistant Sessions Judges shall be subordinate to the Sessions Judge in whose Court they exerc ise jurisdic tion. (2) The Sessions Judges may, from time to time, make rules consistent with this Code, as to the distribution of business among suc h Assistant Sessions Judges. (3) The Sessions Judge may also make provision for the disposal of any urgent application, in the event of his absenc e or inability to ac t, by an Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge, or, if there be no Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge, by the Chief Judic ial Magistrate, and every such Judge or Magistrate shall be deemed to have jurisdic tion to deal with any suc h applic ation.

Section 11 - Courts of Judicial Magistrates

( 1 ) In every district (not being a me tropolitan area), there shall be established as many Courts of Judic ial Magistrates of the first c lass and of the sec ond c lass, and at such plac es, as the State Government may, after c onsultation with the High Court, by notific ation, specify:
1[Provided that the State Government may, after c onsultation with the High Court,

establish, for any local area, one or more Spec ial Courts of Judicial Magistrate of the first c lass or of the sec ond c lass to try any particular case or partic ular c lass of c ases, and where any suc h Spec ial Court is established, no other Court of Magistrate in the loc al area shall have jurisdic tion to try any case or c lass of cases for the trial of whic h such Spec ial Court of Judic ial Magistrate has been established.] ( 2 ) The presiding offic ers of su c h Courts shall be appointed by the High Courts. ( 3 ) The High Court may, whenever it appears to it to be expedient or necessary, confer the powers of a Judicial Magistrate of the first class or of the sec ond c la ss on any me mber of the Judic ial Service of the State, functioning as a Judge in a Civil Court. STATE AMENDMENTS
2Andaman and Nic obar Islands, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep:

In sub-sec tion (3) of sec tion 11, for the words "any member of the Judicial Servic e of the State func tioning as a Judge in a Civil Court" the words "any person disc harging the func tions of a Civil Court", shall be substituted.
3B ihar:

In sec tion, after sub-sec tion ( 3 ) of Sec tion 11 , the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted, namely:-"(4) The State Government may likewise establish for any loc al area one or more Courts of Judic ial Magistrate of the first class or second class to try any partic ular cases of partic ular class or c ategories of c ases."

4Haryana:

In sec tion after sub-sec tion ( 1 ) of Sec tion 11 , the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted:"(1-A) The State Government may likewise establish as many Courts of Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass and of the second class in respec t to partic ular c ases or partic ular class or c lasses of c ases, or to cases generally in any local area."
5Kerala:

( 1 ) In section 11 , after sub-sec tion ( 1 ), the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted, namely:-"( 1 -A) The State Government may likewise establish as many spec ial Courts of Judic ial Magistrate of First Class in respect to partic ular c ases or to a partic ular class or partic ular c lasses of c ases or in regard to c ases generally, in any local area. ( 2) The amendments made by sub-section (1) shall be, and shall be deemed to have been, in forc e for the period c ommencing from the 2nd day of Dec ember, 1974 and ending with the 18th day of December, 1978. Validation.--Any notific ation issued by the State Government on or after the 2nd day of December, 1974 and before the c ommenc ement of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Ac t, 1978 (Central Act 45 of 1978) purporting to establish any spec ial Court of the Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass having jurisdiction over more than one district shall be deemed to have been issued under sec tion 11 of the said c ode as amended by this Ac t and acc ordingly suc h notific ation issued and any ac ! or proc eeding done or taken or purporting to have been done or taken by virtue of it shall be deemed to be and always to have been valid."
6Punjab:

In sub-sec tion ( 1) of sec tion 11, insert the following new sub-sec tion:-"(1-A) The Sta te Gove rnment may likewise establish as many Courts of Jud ic ial Magistrate of the first class in re spec t to partic ular c ases or to partic ular classes of c ases, or in regard to c ases generally, in any loc al area."
7Rajasthan:

In sub-sec tion ( 1) of sec tion 11, the following new sub-section shall be inserted, namely:- " ( 1-A) The State Government may likewise establish as many Courts of Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass and of the sec ond c lass in respect to partic ular c ases, or to a partic ular c lass or partic ular classes of c ases, or in regard to c ases generally, in any loc al area."
8Uttar Pradesh:

In sec tion 11, the following sub-section shall be inserted, namely:-"( 1A) The State Government may likewise establish as many Courts of Judicial Magistrate of the first c las s and of the second c lass in respec t to partic ular cases, or to a partic ular c lass or partic ular c lasses of c ases, or in regard to c ases generally, in any loc al area."

________________________ 1. Added by Ac t 45 of 1978, section 3 (w.e.f. 18 - 12 -1978). 2. Vide Regulation 1 of 1974 sec tion 4 (w.e.f. 30-3-1974). 3. Vide Bihar Ac t 8 of 1977, sec tion 2 (w.e.f. 10-1-1977). 4. Vide Haryana Ac t 16 of 1976, sec tion 2 (w.e.f. 24-2-1976). 5. Vide Kerala Act 21 of 1987 section 2. 6. Vide Punjab Ac t 9 of 1978, sec tion 2 (w.e.f. 14-4-1978). 7. Vide Rajasthan Ac t 10 of 1977, section 2 (w.e.f. 13-9-1977). 8. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 16 of 1976, section 3 (w.e.f. 30-4-1976).

Section 12 - Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc.

(1) In every distric t (not being a metropolitan area), the High Court shall appoint a Judic ial Magistrate of the first class to the Chief Judic ial Magistrate. (2) The High Court may appoint any Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass to be an Additional Chief Judic ial Magistrate, and such Magistrate shall have all or any of the powers of a Chief Judic ial Magistrate under this Code or under any other law for the time being in forc e as the High Court may direct. (3) (a) The High Court may designate any Judicial Magistrate of the first class in any subdivision as the Sub-divisional Judicial Magistrate and relieve him of the responsibilities specified in this sec tion as occ asion requires. (b) Subject to the general c ontrol of the Chief Judicial Magistrate, every Sub-divisional Judic ial Magistrate shall also have and exerc ise, suc h powers of supervision and c ontrol over the work of the Judic ial Magistrates (other than Additional Chief Judic ial Magistrates) in the sub-division as the High Court may, by general or spec ial order, specify in this behalf. STATE AMENDMENTS
1 Nagaland:

In sec tion 12, in sub-sec tions (1), (2) and (3) the words "High Court" shall be substituted by the words "State Government" wherever they oc c ur.
2 Uttar Pradesh:

In sec tion 12, after sub-sec tion (3), the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted, namely:-"(4) Where the offic e of the Chief Judic ial Magistrate is vac ant or he is inc apacitated by illness, absence or otherwise for the performanc e of his duties, the senior-most among the Additional Chief Judic ial Magistrate and other judic ial Magistrates present at the plac e, and in their absence the district magistrate and in his absence the senior-most Exec utive Magistrate shall dispose of the urgent work of the Chief Judicial Magistrate,"

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1. Vide Notification Law 170/74 Leg., dated 3rd July, 1975. 2. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 1 of 1984, Section 3 (w.e.f. 1-5-1984).

Section 13 - Special Judicial Magistrates

(1) The High Court may, if requested by the Central or State Government so to do, confer upon any person who holds or has held any post under the Government all or any of the powers conferred or c onferrable by or under this Code on a Judic ial Magistrate 1 [of the first c lass or of the sec ond c lass, in respec t to partic ular c ases or to partic ular classes of c ases, in any local area, not being a metropolitan area]: Provided that no suc h power shall be c onferred on a person unless he possesses suc h qualification or experienc e in relation to legal affairs as the High Court may, by rules, specify. (2) Such Magistrates shall be called Special Judicial Magistrates and shall be appointed for suc h term, not exc eeding one year at a time, as the High Court may, by general or spec ial order, direc t.
2 [(3) The High Court may empower a Spec ial Judic ial Magistrate to exerc ise the powers of a

Metropolitan Magistrate in relation to any metropolitan area outside his loc al jurisdic tion.] STATE AMENDMENTS
3 Andhra Pradesh:

In sub-sec tion (2) of sec tion 13, for the words "not exc eeding one year at a time" the words "not exceeding two years at a time" shall be substituted and to the said sub-section the following proviso shall be added, namely:"Provided that any person who is holding the offic e of Special Judic ial Magistrate at the c ommenc ement of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Ac t, 1992 and has not completed sixty-five years of age shall c ontinue to hold office for a term of two years from the date of his appointment."
4 Bihar:

In sec tion 13 for the words "in any distric t", the words "in any loc al area" shall be substituted.
5 Haryana:

In sec tion 13 of the princ ipal Ac t, in sub-sec tion (1) for the words "sec ond c lass", the words "first c lass or sec ond class" and for the words "in any distric t", the words "in any loc al area" shall be substituted.
6 Himac hal Pradesh:

In sec tion 13 for the words "in any distric t" the words "in any local area" shall be substituted.
7 Punjab:

In sec tion 13 of the princ ipal Ac t, in sub-sec tion (1) for the words "second c lass" the words "first c lass or sec ond class" and for the words "in any district", the words "in any local area" shall be substituted.
8 Uttar Pradesh:

In sec tion 13 of the princ ipal Ac t, in sub-sec tion (1) for the words "second c lass" the words "first c lass or sec ond c lass" and for the words "in any distric t", the word" in any local area" shall be substituted.

_______________________
1. Substituted by Act 45 of 1978 Section 4(1), for certain words (w.e.f. 18-12-1978). 2. Inserted by Act 45 of 1978, Section 4 (w.e.f. 18-12-1978). 3. Vide Andhra Pradesh Act 2 of 1992. 4. Vide Bihar Act 8 of 1977, Section (w.e.f. 10-1-1977). 5. Vide Haryana Act 16 of 1976, Section 3 (w.e.f. 24-2-1976). 6. Vide Himachal Pradesh Act 40 of 1976 (w.e.f. 13-11-1976). 7. Vide Punjab Act 9 of 1978, Section 3 (w.e.f. 14-4-1978). 8. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 16 of 1976, Section 4 (w.e.f. 5-1-1976).

Section 14 - Local Jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates ( 1 ) Subject to the control of the High Court, the Chief Judic ial Magistrate may, from time to time, define the loc al limits of the areas within which the Magistrates appointed under section 11 or under sec tion 13 may exercise all or any of the powers with which they may respec tively be invested under this Code:
1[Provided that the Court of a Spec ial Judic ial Magistrate may hold its sitting at any plac e

within the local area for whic h it is established]. ( 2 ) Except as otherwise provided by suc h definition, the jurisdic tion and powers of every suc h Magistrate shall extend throughout the district.
2[( 3 ) Where the loc al jurisdic tion of a Magistrate, appointed under section 11 or sec tion 13

or sec tion 18 , extends to an area beyond the distric t, or the me tropolitan area, as the c ase may be, in whic h he ordinarily holds Court, any reference in this Code to the Court of Session, Chief Judic ial Magistrate or the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate shall, in relation to suc h Magistrate, throughout the area within hi s loc al jurisdic tion, be c onstrued, unless the context otherwise requires, as a referenc e to the Court of Session, Chief Judic ial Magistrate, or Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, as the c ase may be, exerc ising jurisdic tion in relation to the said district or me tropolitan area.] STATE AMENDMENT
3Maharashtra:

After section 14 , the following sec tion shall be inserted, namely." 14 -A Investing Judic ial Magistrates with jurisdic tion in spec ified c ases of loc al area- The High Court may invest any Judic ial Magistrate with all or any of the powers c onferred or c onferrable by or under this Code upon a Judicial Magistrate in respec t to particular c ases or to a particular c lass or c lasses of c ases, or in regard to cases generally, in any loc al area, c onsisting of all or any of the distric ts specified by it in this behalf."

_______________________ 1. Added by Ac t 45 of 1978 Section 5 (w.e.f. 18.12.1978). 2. Inserted by Act 45 of 1978, Sec tion 5 (w.e.f. 18.12.1978). 3. Vide Maharashtra Act 23 of 1976, Sec tion 2 (w.e.f. 10.6.1976).

Section 15 - Subordination of Judicial Magistrates ( 1 ) Every Chief Judic ial Magistrate shall be subordinate to the Sessions Judge; and every other Judic ial Magistrate shall, subjec t to the general c ontrol of the Sessions Judge, be subordinate to the Chief Judic ial Magistrate. ( 2 ) The Chief Judic ial Magistrate may, from t ime to time, make rules or give spec ial orders, c onsistent with this Code, as to the distribution of business among the Judic ial Magistrates subordinate to hi m. STATE AMENDMENT
1B ihar:

In sec tion 15, after sub-section ( 2 ) of sec tion 15 , the following sub-sec tion shall be substituted, namely."( 3 ) Any judic ial Magistrate exercising powers over any local area extending beyond the district in whic h he holds hi s Court, shall be subordinate to the Chief Judic ial Magistrate of the said distric t and referenc e in this Code to the Sessions Judge shall be deemed to be referenc es to the Sessions Judge of that distric t where he holds hi s Court."

_______________________ 1 . Vide Bihar Ac t 8 of 1977, Sec tion 4 (w.e.f. 10-1-1977).

Section 16 - Courts of Metropolitan Magistrates

( 1 ) In every me tropolitan area, there shall be established as many Courts of Metropolitan Magistrates, and at such plac es, as the State Government may, after c onsultation with the High Court, by notification, specify. ( 2 ) The presiding offic ers of suc h Courts shall be appointed by the High Court. ( 3 ) The jurisdic tion and powers of every Metropolitan Magistrate shall extend t hroughout the me tropolitan area. STATE AMENDMENT
1Uttar Pradesh:

In sec tion 16 after sub-section ( 3 ), the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted, namely."(4) Where the offic e of the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate is vac ant or he is inc apac itated by illness, absenc e or otherwise for the performance of his duties, the senior most among the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrates and other Metropolitan Magistrates present at the plac e, shall dispose of the urgent work of the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate,"

_______________________ 1.Vide Uttar Pradesh Ac t 1 of 1984, Sec tion 4 (w.e.f. 1-5-1984).

Section 17 - Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate (1) The High Court shall, in relation to every metropolitan area within its loc al jurisdic tion, appoint a Metropolitan Magistrate to be the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate for suc h metropolitan area. (2) The High Court may appoint any Metropolitan Magistrate to be an Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, and such Magistrate shall have all or any of the powers of a Chief Metropolitan Magistrate under this Code or under any other law for the time being in forc e as the High Court may direc t.

Section 18 - Special Metropolitan Magistrates (1) The High Court may, if requested by any Central or State Government so to do, confer upon any person who holds or has held any post under the Government, all or any of the powers conferred or c onferrable by or under this Code on a Metropolitan Magistrate, in respec t to partic ular c ases or to partic ular classes of c ases 1 [***] in any metropolitan area within its local jurisdic tion: Provided that no suc h power shall be c onferred on a person unless he possesses suc h qualification or experienc e in relation to legal affairs as the High Court may, by rules, specify. (2) Suc h Magistrates shall be called Spec ial Metropolitan Magistrates and shall be appointed for such term, not exceeding one year at a time, as the High Court may, by general or spec ial order, direc t.
2 [(3) The High Court or the State Government, as the c ase may be, may empower any

Spec ial Metropolitan Magistrate to exerc ise, in any loc al area outside the metropolitan area, the powers of a Judic ial Magistrate of the first c lass.] STATE AMENDMENTS 3 Andhra Pradesh: In sec tion 18, in sub-sec tion (2) of sec tion 18, for the words, "not exc eeding one year at a time" the words "not exc eeding two years at a time" shall be substituted and to the said subsec tion the following proviso shall be added, namely:-

"Provided that a person who is holding the offic e of Spec ial Metropolitan Magistrate at the c ommenc ement of the Code of Criminal Proc edure (Andhra Pradesh Amendment) Ac t, 1992, and has not c ompleted sixty-five years of age shall continue to hold offic e for a term of two years from the date of his appointment."
4 Maharashtra:

In sec tion 18, in sub-sec tion (1) of sec tion 18, for the words "in any metropolitan area" the words "in one or more metropolitan areas" shall be substituted.

_________________________
1. The words "or to cases generally" omitted by Act 45 of 1978 Section 6 (w.e.f. 18-12-1978). 2. Substituted by Act 45 of 1978 Section 6, for sub-section (3) (w.e.f. 18-12-1978). 3. Vide Andhra Pradesh Act 2 of 1992. 4. Vide Maharashtra Act 23 of 1976, Section 3 (w.e.f. 10-6-1976).

Section 19 - Subordination of Metropolitan Magistrates (1) The Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and every Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate shall be subordinate to the Sessions Judge, and every other Metropolitan Magistrate shall, subjec t to the general c ontrol of the Sessions Judge, be subordinate to the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate. (2) The High Court may, for the purposes of this Code, define the extent of the subordination if any, of the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrates to the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate. (3) The Chief Metropolitan Magistrate may, from time to time, make rules or give spec ial orders, c onsistent with this Code, as to the distribution of business among the Metropolitan Magistrates and as to the allocation of business to an Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate.

Section 20 - Executive Magistrates

( 1 ) In every distric t and in every me tropolitan area. The State Government may appoint as many persons as it thinks fit to be Executive Magistrates and shall appoint one of them to be the Distric t Magistrate. ( 2 ) The State Government may appoint any Exec utive Magistrate to be an Additional Distric t Magistrate, and such Magistrate shall have1[such] of the powers of a Distric t Magistrate under this Code or under any other law for the time being in force 2[as may be directed by the State Government]. ( 3 ) Whenever, in c onsequenc e of the offic e of a District Magistrate bec oming. Vac ant, any offic er suc c eeds temporarily to the exec utive administration of the district, suc h offic er shall, pending the orders of the State Government, exerc ise all the powers and perform all the duties respec tively conferred and imposed by this Code on the Distric t Magistrate. (4 ) The State Government may plac e an Exec utive Magistrate in c harge of a sub-division and may relieve hi m of the c harge as occ asion requires; and the Magistrate so plac ed in charge of a sub-division shall be c alled the Sub-divisional Magistrate.
4[(4A) The State Government may, by general or spec ial order and subject to such c ontrol

and directions as it may deem fit to impose, delegate its powers under sub-sec tion (4) to the Distric t Magistrate.] ( 5 ) Nothing in this sec tion shall prec lude the State Government from c onferring. Under any law for the time being in forc e, on a Commissioner of Police, all or any of the powers of an Executive Magistrate in relation to a me tropolitan area. STATE AMENDMENT
3Uttar Pradesh:

In sec tion 20 after sub-section ( 5 ), the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted, namely:"( 6 ) The State Government may delegate its powers under sub-sec tion ( 4 ) to the Distric t Magistrate."

_________________________ 1. Substituted by Ac t 45 of 1978 Section 7, for "all or any" (w.e.f. 18- 12 -1978) . 2. Inserted by Act 45 of 1978 Sec tion 7 (w.e.f. 18- 12 -1978). 3. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 1 of 1984, Section 5 (w.e.f. 1-5-1984). 4 . Inserted by Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Ac t, 2005.

Section 21 - Special Executive Magistrates The state Government may appoint, for suc h term as it may think fit, Exec utive Magistrates, to be known as Spec ial Executive Magistrates for partic ular areas or for the performanc e of partic ular func tions and c onfer on suc h Special Exec utive Magistrates such of the powers as are conferrable under this Code on Exec utive Magistrate, as it may deem fit.

Section 22 - Local Jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates (1) Subject to the c ontrol of the State Government, the Distric t Magistrate may, from time to time, define the loc al limits of the areas within whic h the Exec utive Magistrates may exerc ise all or any of the powers with whic h they may be invested under this Code.

(2) Exc ept as otherwise provided by suc h definition, the jurisdiction and powers of every suc h Magistrate shall extend throughout the district.

Section 23 - Subordination of Executive Magistrates (1) All Exec utive Magistrates, other than the Additional Distric t Magistrate, shall be subordinate to the Distric t Magistrate, and every Exec utive Magistrate (other than the Subdivisional Magistrate) exerc ising powers in a sub-division shall also be subordinate to the Subdivisional Magistrate, subjec t, however, to the general c ontrol of the Distric t Magistrate. (2) The District Magistrate may, from time to time, make rules or give special orders, c onsistent with this Code, as to the distribution of business among the Exec utive Magistrates subordinate to him and as to the alloc ation of business to an Additional Distric t Magistrate.

Section 24 - Public Prosecutors

1[24. Public Prosecutors

(1) For every High Court, the Central Government or the State Government shall, after c onsultation with the High Court, appoint a Public Prosecutor and may also appoint one or more Additional Public Prosec utor, for c onducting in suc h Court, any prosecution, appeal or other proc eeding on behalf of the Central Government or State Government, as the case may be. (2) The Central Government may appoint one or more Public Prosec utors for the purpose of c onduc ting any c ase or c lass of c ases in any distric t, or loc al area. (3) For every distric t, the State Government shall appoint a Public Prosec utor and may also appoint one or more Additional Public Prosec utors for the district: Provided that the Public Prosec utor or Additional Public Prosec utor appointed for one district may be appointed also to be a Public Prosec utor or an Additional Public Prosec utor, as the c ase may be, for another distric t. (4) The Distric t Magistrate shall, in consultation with the Sessions Judge, prepare a panel of names of persons, who are, in his opinion fit to be appointed as Public Prosecutor or Additional Public Prosecutors for the distric t. (5) No person shall be appointed by the State Government as the Public Prosecutor or Additional Public Prosec utor for the district unless his name appears in the panel of names prepared by me Distric t Magistrate under sub-sec tion (4). (6) Notwithstanding anything c ontained in sub-sec tion (5), where in a State there exists a regular Cadre of Prosec uting Offic ers, the State Government shall appoint a Public Prosec utor or an Additional Public Prosec utor only from among the persons constituting suc h Cadre: Provided that where, in the opinion of the State Government, no suitable person is available in suc h Cadre for suc h appointment that Government may appoint a person as Public Prosec utor or Additional Public Prosec utor, as the case may be, from the panel of names prepared by the Distric t Magistrate under sub-sec tion (4).
13 [Explanation.--For the purposes of this sub-section,--

(a) "regular Cadre of Prosecuting Offic ers" means a Cadre of Prosecuting Offic ers whic h includes therein the post of a Public Prosecutor, by whatever name c alled, and whic h provides for promotion of Assistant Public Prosec utors, by whatever name c alled, to that post;

(b) "Prosecuting Offic er" means a person, by whatever name c alled, appointed to perform the func tions of a Public Prosecutor, an Additional Public Prosec utor or an Assistant Public Prosec utor under this Code.] (7) A person shall be eligible to be appointed as a Public Prosecutor or an Additional Public Prosec utor under sub-section (I) or sub-section (2) or sub-sec tion (3) or subsection (6), only if he has been in practic e as an advoc ate for not less than seven years. (8) The Central Government or the State Government may appoint, for the purposes of any c ase or class of c ases, a person who has been in prac tice as an advoc ate for not less than ten years as a Spec ial Public Prosec utor.
14[Provided that the Court may permit the victim to engage an advoc ate of his c hoic e to

assist the prosecution under this sub-sec tion.] (9) For the purposes of sub-sec tion (7) and sub-sec tion (8), the period during which a person has been in prac tic e as a pleader, or has rendered (whether before or after the

c ommenc ement of this Code) servic e as a Public Prosecutor or as an Additional Public Prosec utor or Assistant Public Prosec utor or other Prosecuting Offic er, by whatever name c alled, shall be deemed to be the period during whic h such person has been in practic e as an advocate.] STATE AMENDMENTS
2 Bihar:

In sec tion 24, for sub-section (6) the following sub-sec tion shall be substituted:-"(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sec tion (5) where in a State there exists a regular Cadre of Prosec uting Offic ers, the State Government may also appoint a Public Prosec utor or an Additional Public Prosec utor from among the persons c onstituting suc h Cadre."
3 Haryana:

To sub-sec tion (6) of sec tion 24, the following Explanation shall be added, namely:-"Explanation.--For the purpose of sub-section (6), the persons c onstituting the Haryana State Prosec ution Legal Service (Group A) or Haryana State Prosec ution Legal Servic e (Group B), shall be deemed to be a regular Cadre of Prosec uting Officers,"
4 Karnataka:

In sec tion 24, in sub-sec tion (1),-(i) the words "or the State Government shall", shall be omitted; and (ii) for the words "appoint a Public Prosec utor" the words "or the State Government shall appoint a Public Prosec utor" shall be substituted.

5 Madhya Pradesh: In sec tion 24,(i) in sub-sec tion (6), for the words, 'brackets and figure "Notwithstanding anything c ontained in sub-section (5)", the words, brackets, letter and figures "Notwithstanding anything c ontained in sub-sec tion (5), but subjec t to the provisions of sub-sec tion (6-A)" shall be substituted and shall be deemed to have been substituted with effec t from 18th December, 1978; (ii) after sub-section (6), the following sub-sec tion shall be inserted and shall be deemed to have been inserted with effect from 18th Dec ember, 1978, namely:"(6-A) Notwithstanding anything c ontained in sub-sec tion (6), the State Government may appoint a person who has been in prac tice as an advoc ate for not less than seven years as the Public Prosec utor or Additional Public Prosecutor for the distric t and it shall not be necessary to appoint the Public Prosec utor or Additional Public Prosec utor for the district from among the person c onstituting the Cadre of

Prosec uting Offic ers in the State of Madhya Pradesh and the provisions of subsec tions (4) and (5) shall apply to the appointment of a Public Prosec utor Additional Public Prosecutor under this sub-sec tion"; (iii) in sub-sec tion (7), after the words, brac ket and figure "sub-sec tion (6)", the words, brac kets, figure and letter "or sub-sec tion (6-A)" shall be inserted and shall be deemed to have been inserted with effec t from 18th December, 1978; and (iv) in sub-sec tion (9), for the words, brac kets and figure, "sub-sec tion (7)", the words, brac kets, figures and letter "sub-sec tion (6-A) and sub-section (7)" shall be substituted and shall be deemed to have been substituted with effec t from 18th December, 1978. 6 Maharashtra: In sec tion 24,(a) in sub-sec tion (1), the words "after c onsultation with the High Court" shall be deleted; (b) i n sub-section (4), for the words "in c onsultation with the Sessions Judge" the words "with the approval of the State Government", shall be substituted. 7 Rajasthan: In sec tion 24, sub-section (6) shall be substituted by the following, namely:-"(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sec tion (5), wherein a State there exists a regular Cadre of Prosec uting Offic ers, the Slate Government may also appoint a Public Prosec utor or an Additional Public Prosec utor from among the persons c onstituting suc h Cadre."
8 Tamil Nadu:

In sec tion 24,(a) in sub-sec tion (6), after the expression "sub-sec tion (5)" insert the following, namely:"but subject to the provisions of sub-sec tion (6-A)";

(b) after sub-sec tion (6), insert the following sub-sec tion namely:-"(6-A) Notwithstanding anything c ontained in sub-sec tion (6), the State Government may appoint a person who has been in prac tice as an advoc ate for not less than seven years, as the Public Prosec utor or Additional Public Prosec utor for the distric t and it shall not be necessary to appoint the Public Prosec utor or Additional Public Prosec utor for the distric t from among the persons c onstituting the Cadre of Prosec uting Offic ers in the State of Tamil Nadu and the provisions of sub-sections (4) and (5) shall apply to the appointment of a Public Prosec utor or Additional Public Prosec utor under this sub-section." (c ) "In sub-sec tion (7), after the expression "sub-section (6)" insert "or sub-section(6A)". 9 Uttar Pradesh: In sec tion 24,-(a) in sub-sec tion (1), after the words "Public Prosec utor" the words, "and one or more Additional Public Prosecutors" shall be inserted and be deemed always to have been inserted. (b) after sub-sec tion (6), the following sub-section shall be inserted and be deemed always to have been inserted, namely:-"(7) For the purpose of sub-sec tions (5) and (6), the period during which a person has been in prac tic e as a pleader, or has rendered servic e as a Public Prosec utor, Additional Public Prosecutor or Assistant Public Prosec utor, shall be deemed to be the period during whic h suc h person has been in prac tice as an advoc ate.
10 In sec tion 24 hereinafter referred to as the said Code--

(a) in sub-sec tion (1), the words "after c onsultation with the High Courts" shall be om itted; (b) sub-sections (4), (5) and (6) shall be omitted; (c ) in sub-sec tion (7), the words" or sub-section (6)" shall be omitted.
11 West Bengal:

In sub-sec tion (6) of sec tion 24, for the words "shall appoint a Public Prosecutor or an Additional Public Prosecutor only" the words " may also appoint a Public Prosec utor or an Additional Public Prosec utor" shall be substituted.
12 In sub-section (6) of sec tion 24, the proviso shall be omitted.

_______________________
1. Substituted by Act 45 of 1978 Section 8, for section 24 (w.e.f. 18-12-1978). 2. Vide Bihar Act 16 of 1984 Section 2 (w.e.f. 24-8-1984). 3. Vide Haryana Act 14 of 1985, Section 2. 4. Vide Karnataka Act 20 of 1982, Section 2 (w.e.f. 3-9-1981).

5. Vide Madhya Pradesh Act 21 of 1995, Section 3 (w.e.f. 24-5-1995). 6. Vide Maharashtra Act 34 of 1981 Section 2 (w.e.f. 20-5-1981). 7. Vide Rajasthan Act 1 of 1981, Section 2 (w.e.f. 10-12-1980). 8. Vide Tamil Nadu Act 42 of 1980 Section 2 (w.e.f, 1-12-1980). 9. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 33 of 1978, Section 2 (w.e.f. 9-10-1978). 10. Vide Uttar Pradesh Act 18 of 1991, Section 2 (w.e.f. 16-2-1991). 11. Vide West Bengal Act 26 of 1990. 12. Vide West Bengal Act 25 of 1992. 13. Inserted by C ode of C riminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2005. 14. Inserted by C ode of C riminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2008 to be e ffe ctive fro m 31.12.2009 vide
No tification No . S.O . 3313(E) da ted 30.12.2009.

Section 25 - Assistant Public Prosecutors

(1) The State Government shall appoint in every district one or more Assistant public Prosec utors for conduc ting prosec utions in the Courts of Magistrates.
1 [(1A) The Central Government may appoint one or more Assistant Public Prosec utors for the

purpose of c onducting any c ase or c lass of c ases in the Courts of Magistrates]. (2) Save as otherwise provided in sub-sec tion (3), no polic e offic er shall be eligible to be appointed as an Assistant Public Prosec utor. (3) Where no Assistant Public Prosec utor is available for the purposes of any partic ular case, the Distric t Magistrate may appoint any other person to be the Assistant Public Prosec utor in

c harge of that c ase: Provided that a polic e officer shall not be so appointed-(a) if he has taken any part in the investigation into the offence with respec t to whic h the ac cused is being prosec uted; or (b) if he is below the rank of Inspec tor. STATE AMENDMENTS 2 Orissa: In sub-sec tion (2) of sec tion 25, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:-"Provided that nothing in this sub-sec tion shall be c onstrued to prohibit the State Government from exerc ising its Control over Assistant Public Prosecutor through polic e offic ers." 3 Uttar Pradesh: In sub-sec tion (2) of sec tion 25, the following proviso shall be inserted and be deemed always to have been inserted, namely:-"Provided that nothing in this sub-sec tion shall be c onstrued to prohibit the State Government from exerc ising its control over Assistant Public Prosecutor through polic e offic ers." 4 West Bengal: For sub-sec tion (3) of sec tion 25, the following sub-sec tion shall be substituted, namely:-"(3) Where no Assistant Public Prosecutor is available for the purposes of any partic ular c ase, any advoc ate may be appointed to be the Assistant Public Prosecutor in c harge of that c ase.-(a) where the c ase is before the Court of Judic ial Magistrate in any area in a subdivision, wherein the headquarters of the District Magistrate are situated, by the Distric t Magistrate; or (b) where the c ase is before the Court of a Judic ial Magistrate in any area in a subdivision, other than the sub-division referred to in c lause (a), wherein the headquarters of the sub-divisional Magistrate are situated, by the sub-divisional Magistrate; or (c ) where the c ase is before the Court of a Judic ial Magistrate in any area, other than the area referred to in c lauses (a) and (b), by a loc al offic er (other than a polic e offic er) specially authorised by the District Magistrate in this behalf. Explanation.--For the purposes of this sub-sec tion,-(i) "advoc ate" shall have the same meaning as in the Advoc ates Ac t, 1961 (5 of 1961); (ii) "local offic er" shall mean an offic er of the State Government in any area, other than the area referred to in clauses (a) and (b).

_______________________
1. Inserted by Act 45 of 1978, Section 9 (w.e.f. 18- 12-1978). 2. Vide Orissa Act 6 of 1995 (w.e.f. 10-3-1995). 3. Vide U.P. Act 16 of 1976, Section 5 (w.e.f. 30-4-1976). 4. Vide W. B. Act 17 of 1985, Section 3.

Section 25A - Directorate of Prosecution

1 [25A. Directorate of Prosecution .-

(1) The State Government may establish a Direc torate of Prosec ution c onsisting of a Director of Prosecution and as many Deputy Direc tors of Prosec ution as it thinks fit.

(2) A person shall be eligible to be appointed as a Direc tor of Prosec ution or a Deputy Director of Prosec ution, only if he has been in prac tic e as an advocate for not less than ten years and suc h appointment shall be made with the c onc urrenc e of the Chief Justic e of the High Court. (3) The Head of the Direc torate of Prosec ution shall be the Direc tor of Prosecution, who shall func tion under the administrative c ontrol of the Head of the Home Department in the State. (4) Every Deputy Direc tor of Prosec ution shall be subordinate to the Direc tor of Prosec ution. (5) Every Public Prosecutor, Additional Public Prosec utor and Spec ial Public Prosecutor appointed by the State Government under sub-sec tion (1), or as the c ase may be, subsec tion (8), of section 24 to c onduct c ases in the High Court shall be subordinate to the Director of Prosecution. (6) Every Public Prosecutor, Additional Public Prosec utor and Spec ial Public Prosecutor appointed by the State Government under sub-sec tion (3), or as the c ase may be, subsec tion (8), of sec tion 24 to c onduc t c ases in Distric t Courts and every Assistant Public Prosec utor appointed under sub-sec tion (1) of sec tion 25 shall be subordinate to the Deputy Direc tor of Prosec ution. (7) The powers and functions of the Direc tor of Prosecution and the Deputy Directors of Prosec ution and the areas for whic h each of the Deputy Direc tors of Prosec ution have been appointed shall be suc h as the State Government may, by notific ation, spec ify. (8) The provisions of this sec tion shall not apply to the Advocate General for the State while performing the func tions of a Public Prosec utor.].

________________________
1. Inserted by C ode of C riminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2005

Chapter 3 - POWER OF COURTS

1 [25A. Directorate of Prosecution .-

(1) The State Government may establish a Direc torate of Prosec ution c onsisting of a Director of Prosecution and as many Deputy Direc tors of Prosec ution as it thinks fit. (2) A person shall be eligible to be appointed as a Direc tor of Prosec ution or a Deputy Director of Prosec ution, only if he has been in prac tic e as an advocate for not less than ten years and suc h appointment shall be made with the c onc urrenc e of the Chief Justic e of the High Court. (3) The Head of the Direc torate of Prosec ution shall be the Direc tor of Prosecution, who shall func tion under the administrative c ontrol of the Head of the Home Department in the State. (4) Every Deputy Direc tor of Prosec ution shall be subordinate to the Direc tor of Prosec ution. (5) Every Public Prosecutor, Additional Public Prosec utor and Spec ial Public Prosecutor appointed by the State Government under sub-sec tion (1), or as the c ase may be, subsec tion (8), of section 24 to c onduct c ases in the High Court shall be subordinate to the Director of Prosecution. (6) Every Public Prosecutor, Additional Public Prosec utor and Spec ial Public Prosecutor appointed by the State Government under sub-sec tion (3), or as the c ase may be, subsec tion (8), of sec tion 24 to c onduc t c ases in Distric t Courts and every Assistant Public Prosec utor appointed under sub-sec tion (1) of sec tion 25 shall be subordinate to the Deputy Direc tor of Prosec ution. (7) The powers and functions of the Direc tor of Prosecution and the Deputy Directors of Prosec ution and the areas for whic h each of the Deputy Direc tors of Prosec ution have been appointed shall be suc h as the State Government may, by notific ation, spec ify.

(8) The provisions of this sec tion shall not apply to the Advocate General for the State while performing the func tions of a Public Prosec utor.].

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1. Inserted by C ode of C riminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2005

Section 26 - Courts by which offences are triable

Subjec t to the other provisions of this Code,-(a) any offence under the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) may be tried by(i) the High Court, or (ii) the Court of Session, or (iii) any other Court by whic h suc h offenc e is shown in the First Sc hedule to be triable;
2[Provided that any offence under sec tion 376 and sections 376A to 376D of the

Indian Penal Code shall be tried as far as practic able by a Court presided over by a woman.] (b) any offenc e under any other law shall, when any Court is mentioned in this behalf in suc h law, be tried by suc h Court and when no Court is so mentioned, may be tried by.-(i) the High Court, or (ii) any other Court by whic h such offenc e is shown in the First Sc hedule to be triable. STATE AMENDMENT
1 Uttar Pradesh:

In sec tion 26, for c lause (b), the following c lause shall be substituted, namely:-"(b) any offenc e under any other law may be tried(i) when any Court is mentioned in this behalf in such law, by suc h Court, or by any Court superior in rank to suc h Court, and (ii) when no Court is so mentioned, by any Court by whic h such offenc e is shown in the Fist Sc hedule to be triable, or by any Court superior in rank to suc h Court,"

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1. Vide U.P. Act 1 of 1984, sec. 6 (w.e.f. 1-5-1984). 2. Inserted Vide C ode of C riminal Procedure (Amendment) Act 2008 to be effective fro m 31.12.2009 vide
No tification No . S.O . 3313(E) da ted 30.12.2009.

Section 27 - Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles Any offenc e not punishable with death or imprisonment for life, committed by any person who at the date when he appears or is brought before the Court is under the age of sixteen years, may be tried by the Court of a Chief Judic ial Magistrate, or by any Court specially empowered under the Children Ac t, 1960 (60 of 1960), or any other law for the time being in forc e providing for the treatment, training and rehabilitation of youthful offenders.

Section 28 - Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass (1) A High Court may pass any sentenc e authorised by law. (2) A Sessions Judge or Additional Sessions Judge may pass any sentence authorised by law; but any sentenc e of death passed by any suc h Judge shall be subjec t to c onfirmation by the High Court. (3) An Assistant Sessions Judge may pass any sentence authorised by law exc ept a sentenc e of death or of imprisonment for life or of imprisonment for a term exc eeding ten years.

Section 29 - Sentences which Magistrates may pass

( 1 ) The Court of a Chief Judic ial Magistrate may pass any sentenc e authorised by law exc ept a sentenc e of death or of imprisonment for life or of imprisonment for a term exceeding seven years. ( 2 ) The Court of a Magistrate of the first c lass may pass a sentenc e of imprisonment for a term not exc eeding three years, or of fine not exceeding 2[ten thousand rupees], or both. ( 3 ) The Court of a Magistrate of the sec ond c lass may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exc eeding one year, or of fine not exc eeding 3[five thousand rupees], or of both. ( 4 ) The Court of a Chief Metropolitan Magistrate shall have the powers of the Court of a Chief Judic ial Magistrate and that of a Metropolitan Magistrate, the powers of the Court of a Magistrate of the first class. STATE AMENDMENT

1Punjab:

After section 29 , the following sec tion shall be inserted, namely:-" 29 A. Sentenc es whic h Exec utive Magistrate may pass.- An Exec utive Magistrate may pass a sentence of imprisonment of a term not exceeding three years or of fine not exc eeding five thousand rupees, or both."

_____________________ 1. Vide Punjab Ac t 22 of 1993 (w.e.f. 27-6-1993). 2. Substituted for the (Amendment) Act, 2005. 3. Substituted for the (Amendment) Act, 2005. word "five thousand rupees" by Code of Criminal Procedure

word "one

thousand rupees" by

Code of

Criminal Procedure

Section 30 - Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine (1) The Court of a Magistrate may award such term of imprisonment in default of payment of fine as is authorised by law: Provided that the term (a) is not in exc ess of the powers of the Magistrate under sec tion 29; (b) shall not, where imprisonment has been awarded as part of the substantive sentenc e, exc eed one-fourth of the term of imprisonment which the Magistrate is c ompetent to inflic t as punishment for the offence otherwise than as imprisonment in

default of payment of the fine. (2) The imprisonment awarded under this sec tion may be in addition to a substantive sentenc e of imprisonment for the maximum term awardable by the Magistrate under section 29.

Section 31 - Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial (1) When a person is convicted at one trial of two or more offences, the Court may, subjec t to the provisions of section 71 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), sentenc e him for suc h offenc es, to the several punishments, presc ribed therefor whic h suc h Court is c ompetent to inflic t; suc h punishments when c onsisting of imprisonment to c ommence the one after the expiration of the other in suc h order as the Court may direct, unless the Court direc ts that suc h punishments shall run concurrently. (2) In the c ase of consec utive sentenc es, it shall not be nec essary for the Court by reason only of the aggregate punishment for the several offenc es being in exc ess of the punishment whic h it is competent to inflic t on conviction of a single offence, to send the offender for trial before a higher Court: Provided that-(a) in no c ase shall suc h person be sentenc ed to imprisonment for a longer period than fourteen years; (b) the aggregate punishment shall not exc eed twic e the amount of punishment whic h the Court is c ompetent to inflic t for a single offence. (3) For the purpose of appeal by a c onvicted person, the aggregate of the c onsec utive sentenc es passed against him under this section shall be deemed to be a single sentenc e.

Section 32 - Mode of conferring powers (1) In c onferring powers under this Code, the High Courts or the State Government, as the c ase may be, may, by order, empower persons spec ially by name or in virtue of their offic es or c lasses of offic ials generally by their offic ial titles. (2) Every such order shall take effec t from the date on which it is communic ated to the person so empowered.

Section 33 - Powers of officers appointed Whenever any person holding an offic e in the servic e of Government who has been invested by the High Court or the State Government with any powers under this Code throughout any local area is appointed to an equal or higher office of the same nature, within a like loc al area under the same State Government, he shall, unless the High Court or the State Government, as the c ase may be, otherwise directs, or has otherwise direc ted, exerc ise the same powers in the loc al area in whic h he is so appointed.

Section 34 - Withdrawal of powers (1) The High Court or the state Government, as the c ase may be, may withdraw all or any of the powers conferred by it under this Code on any person or by any offic er subordinate to it. (2) Any powers c onferred by the Chief Judic ial Magistrate or by the Distric t Magistrate may be withdrawn by the respec tive Magistrate by whom suc h powers were conferred.

Section 35 - Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office (1) Subjec t to the other provisions of this Code, the powers and duties of a Judge or

Magistrate may be exerc ised or performed by his suc c essor-in-offic e. (2) When there is any doubt as to who is the suc c essor-in-offic e of any Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge, the Sessions Judge shall determine by order in writing the Judge who shall, for the purposes of this Code or of any proc eeding or order thereunder, be deemed to be the succ essor-in-offic e of suc h Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge. (3) When there is any doubt as to who is the succ essor-in-offic e of any Magistrate, the Chief Judic ial Magistrate, or the Distric t Magistrate, as the case may be, shall determine by order in writing the Magistrate who shall, for the purposes of this Code or of any proceedings or order thereunder, be deemed to be the suc c essor-in-office of suc h Magistrate.

Chapter 4 - A.--POWERS OF SUPERIORS OFFICERS OF POLICE : B.--AID TO THE MAGISTRATES AND POLICE (1) Subjec t to the other provisions of this Code, the powers and duties of a Judge or Magistrate may be exerc ised or performed by his suc c essor-in-offic e. (2) When there is any doubt as to who is the suc c essor-in-offic e of any Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge, the Sessions Judge shall determine by order in writing the Judge who shall, for the purposes of this Code or of any proc eeding or order thereunder, be deemed to be the succ essor-in-offic e of suc h Additional or Assistant Sessions Judge. (3) When there is any doubt as to who is the succ essor-in-offic e of any Magistrate, the Chief Judic ial Magistrate, or the Distric t Magistrate, as the case may be, shall determine by order in writing the Magistrate who shall, for the purposes of this Code or of any proceedings or order thereunder, be deemed to be the suc c essor-in-office of suc h Magistrate.

Section 36 - Powers of superior officers of police : Powers of superior officers of police Polic e offic ers superior in rank to an offic er in c harge of a polic e station may exerc ise the same powers, throughout the local area to whic h they are appointed, as may be exerc ised by suc h offic er within the limits of his station.

Section 37 to 40 - Aid to the Magistrates and the Police Polic e offic ers superior in rank to an offic er in c harge of a polic e station may exerc ise the same powers, throughout the local area to whic h they are appointed, as may be exerc ised by suc h offic er within the limits of his station.

Section 37 - Public when to assist Magistrates and police Every person is bound to assist a Magistrate or police offic er reasonably demanding his aid(a) in the taking or preventing the esc ape of any other person whom suc h Magistrate or polic e officer is authorised to arrest; or (b) in the prevention or suppression of a breac h of the peac e; or (c ) in the prevention of any injury attempted to be c ommitted to any railway, c anal, telegraph or public property.

Section 38 - Aid to person other than police officer, executing warrant When a warrant is directed to a person other than a polic e offic er, any person may aid in the execution of suc h warrant, if the person to whom the warrant is direc ted be near at hand and acting in the execution of the warrant.

Section 39 - Public to give information of certain offences

( 1 ) Every person, aware of the Commission of, or of the intention of any other person to c ommit, any offenc e punishable under any of the following sec tions of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860 ), namely :-(i) sec tions 121 to 126, both inclusive, and sec tion 130 (that is to say offenc es against the state spec ified in Chapter VI of the said Code); (ii) sec tions 143 , 144 , 145 , 147 and 148 (that is to say, offenc es against the public tranquility specified in Chapter VIII of the said Code); (iii) sections 161 to 165 A, both inclusive (that is to say, offenc es relating to illegal gratification); (iv) sec tions 272 to 278, both inclusive (that is to say, offenc es relating to adulteration of food and drugs, etc .); (v) sec tions 302 , 303 and 304 (that is to say, offenc es affec ting life);
1[(va) section 364 A (that is to say, offenc e relating to kidnapping for ransom, etc .);]

(vi) sec tion 382 (that is to say, offenc e of theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the c ommitting of the theft); (vii) sec tions 392 to 399 , both inc lusive, and sec tion 402 (that is to say, offenc es of robbery and dacoity); (viii) sec tion 409 (that is to say, offenc e relating to c riminal breac h of trust by public servant, etc .); (ix) sec tions 431 to 439 , both inclusive (mat is to say, offenc e of misc hief against property); (x) sec tions 449 and 450 (that is to say, offence of house-trespass); (xi) sec tions 456 to 460 , both inc lusive (that is to say, offenc es of lurking housetrespass); and (xii) sec tions 489A to 489E, both inc lusive (that is to say, offenc es relating to c urrenc y notes and bank notes). shall, in the absenc e of any reasonable exc use, the burden of proving whic h exc use shall lie upon the person so aware, forthwith give information to the nearest Magistrate or polic e offic er of suc h Commission or intention; ( 2 ) For the purposes of this sec tion, the term "offence" inc ludes any ac t committed at any plac e out of India whic h would c onstitute an offenc e if committed in India.

________________________ 1. Inserted by Act 42 of 1993, Sec tion 33 (w.e.f. 22-5-1993). Section 40 - Duty of officers employed in connection with the affairs of a village to make certain report (1) Every officer employed in c onnection with the affairs of a village and every person residing in a village shall forthwith c ommunic ate to the nearest Magistrate or to the offic er in charge of the nearest police station, whic hever is nearer, any information which he may possess respec ting (a) the permanent or temporary residenc e of any notorious rec eiver or vendor of stolen property in or near suc h village; (b) the resort to any place within, or the passage through, such village of any person whom he knows, or reasonably suspec ts, to be a thug, robber, esc aped c onvict or proc laimed offender;

(c ) the Commission of, or intention to commit, in or near suc h village any non-bailable offenc e or any offenc e punishable under section 143, sec tion 144, sec tion 145, section 147 or sec tion 148 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860); (d) the oc currence in or near such village of any sudden or unnatural death or of any death under suspic ious c ircumstanc es or the discovery in or near such village of any c orpse or part of a c orpse, in c irc umstanc es whic h lead to a reasonable suspicion that suc h a death has oc c urred or the disappearance from such village of any person in c irc umstanc es whic h lead to a reasonable suspic ion that a non-bailable offenc e has been c ommitted in respec t of suc h person; (e) the Commission of, or intention to commit, at any plac e out of India near such village any ac t which, if c ommitted in India, would be an offence punishable under any of the following sections of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), namely, sections 231 to 238 (both inc lusive), sec tions 302, 304, 382, 392 to 399 (both inclusive), 402, 435, 436, 449, 457, to 460 (both inc lusive), sections 489A, 489B, 489C and 489D; (f) any matter likely to affect the maintenance of order of the prevention of c rime or the safety of person or property respec ting whic h the Distric t Magistrate by general or spec ial order made with the previous sanc tion of the State Government, has direc ted him to c ommunic ate information. (2) In this sec tion, (i) "village" inc ludes village-lands; (ii) the expression "proc laimed offender" inc ludes any person proc laimed as an offender by any Court or authority in any territory in India to whic h this c ode does not extend, in respec t of any ac t whic h if c ommitted in the territories to whic h this Code extends, would be an offenc e punishable under any of the following sections of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), namely, sec tions 302, 304, 382, 392 to 399 (both inc lusive), sections 402, 435, 436, 449, 450 and 457 to 460 (both inc lusive); (iii) the words "offic er employed in connec tion with the affairs of the village" means a member of the panc hayat of the village and inc ludes the headman and every offic er or other person appointed to perform any func tion connec ted with the administration of the village.

Chapter 5 - ARREST OF PERSONS (1) Every officer employed in c onnection with the affairs of a village and every person residing in a village shall forthwith c ommunic ate to the nearest Magistrate or to the offic er in charge of the nearest police station, whic hever is nearer, any information which he may possess respec ting (a) the permanent or temporary residenc e of any notorious rec eiver or vendor of stolen property in or near suc h village; (b) the resort to any place within, or the passage through, such village of any person whom he knows, or reasonably suspec ts, to be a thug, robber, esc aped c onvict or proc laimed offender; (c ) the Commission of, or intention to commit, in or near suc h village any non-bailable offenc e or any offenc e punishable under section 143, sec tion 144, sec tion 145, section 147 or sec tion 148 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860); (d) the oc currence in or near such village of any sudden or unnatural death or of any death under suspic ious c ircumstanc es or the discovery in or near such village of any c orpse or part of a c orpse, in c irc umstanc es whic h lead to a reasonable suspicion that suc h a death has oc c urred or the disappearance from such village of any person in c irc umstanc es whic h lead to a reasonable suspic ion that a non-bailable offenc e has been c ommitted in respec t of suc h person; (e) the Commission of, or intention to commit, at any plac e out of India near such village any ac t which, if c ommitted in India, would be an offence punishable under any of the following sections of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), namely, sections 231 to 238 (both inc lusive), sec tions 302, 304, 382, 392 to 399 (both inclusive), 402, 435, 436, 449, 457, to 460 (both inc lusive), sections 489A, 489B, 489C and 489D; (f) any matter likely to affect the maintenance of order of the prevention of c rime or the safety of person or property respec ting whic h the Distric t Magistrate by general or spec ial

order made with the previous sanc tion of the State Government, has direc ted him to c ommunic ate information. (2) In this sec tion, (i) "village" inc ludes village-lands; (ii) the expression "proc laimed offender" inc ludes any person proc laimed as an offender by any Court or authority in any territory in India to whic h this c ode does not extend, in respec t of any ac t whic h if c ommitted in the territories to whic h this Code extends, would be an offenc e punishable under any of the following sections of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), namely, sec tions 302, 304, 382, 392 to 399 (both inc lusive), sections 402, 435, 436, 449, 450 and 457 to 460 (both inc lusive); (iii) the words "offic er employed in connec tion with the affairs of the village" means a member of the panc hayat of the village and inc ludes the headman and every offic er or other person appointed to perform any func tion connec ted with the administration of the village.

Section 41 - When police may arrest without warrant

(1) Any police offic er may without an order from a Magistrate and without a warrant, arrest any person 1[(a) who c ommits, in the presenc e of a police offic er, a cognizable offenc e; (b) against whom a reasonable complaint has been made, or c redible information has been received, or a reasonable suspic ion exists that he has c ommitted a cognizable offence punishable with imprisonment for a term whic h may be less than seven years or which may extend to seven years whether with or without fine, if the following c onditions are satisfied, namely:-(i) the polic e officer has reason to believe on the basis of suc h c omplaint, information, or suspic ion that suc h person has c ommitted the said offenc e; (ii) the polic e officer is satisfied that suc h arrest is nec essary-(a) to prevent suc h person from c ommitting any further offenc e; or (b) for proper investigation of the offenc e; or (c ) to prevent suc h person from c ausing the evidence of the offenc e to disappear or tampering with suc h evidence in any manner; or (d) to prevent such person from making any induc ement, threat or promise to any person ac quainted with the fac ts of the c ase so as to dissuade him from disclosing suc h facts to the Court or to the polic e offic er; or (e) as unless suc h person is arrested, his presenc e in the Court whenever required c annot be ensured, and the polic e offic er shall rec ord while making suc h arrest, his reasons in writing.
3[Provided that a polic e offic er shall, in all c ases where the arrest of a person is

not required under the provisions of this sub-section, record the reasons in writing for not making the arrest.]

(ba) against whom c redible information has been rec eived that he has committed a c ognizable offenc e punishable with imprisonment for a term whic h may extend to more than seven years whether with or without fine or with death sentenc e and the polic e offic er has reason to believe on the basis of that information that suc h person has c ommitted the said offenc e] (c ) who has been proc laimed as an offender either under this Code or by order of the State Government; or (d) in whose possession anything is found whic h may reasonably be suspec ted to be stolen property and who may reasonably be suspec ted of having c ommitted an offenc e with referenc e to such thing; or (e) who obstruc ts a polic e officer while in the execution of his duty, or who has esc aped, or attempts to esc ape, from lawful custody; or (f) who is reasonable suspec ted of being a deserter from any of the Armed Forces of the Union; or (g) who has been concerned in, or against whom a reasonable c omplaint has been made, or c redible information has been rec eived, or a reasonable suspicion exists, of his having been c onc erned in, any ac t committed at any plac e out of India whic h, if c ommitted in India, would have been punishable as an offenc e, and for whic h he is, under any law relating to extradition, or otherwise, liable to be apprehended or detained in c ustody in India; or (h) who, being a released c onvic t, c ommits a breac h of any rule made under subsec tion (5) of sec tion 356; or (i) for whose arrest any requisition, whether written or oral, has been rec eived from another polic e offic er, provided that the requisition spec ifies the person to be arrested and the offenc e or other c ause for whic h the arrest is to be made and it appears therefrom that the person might lawfully be arrested without a warrant by the officer who issued the requisition.
2[(2) Subject to the provisions of section 42, no person conc erned in a non-cognizable

offenc e or against whom a c omplaint has been made or c redible information has been rec eived or reasonable suspicion exists of his having so c onc erned, shall be arrested exc ept under a warrant or order of a Magistrate.]

________________________________
1. Substituted vide C ode of Crim inal Pro ce dure (Am e ndm ent) Act, 2008 vide Notificatio n No. S.O . 2687(E) da ted 30.10.2010 w.e.f. 01.11.2010 previo us text wa s:"(a ) who ha s been conce rne d in any cognizable offence , or against who m a rea sona ble com pla int ha s be en m ade, or credible inform ation has bee n receive d, or a re asonable suspicion ex ists, o f his having be en so co ncerned; or (b) who has in his posse ssion witho ut la wful e xcuse , the burden of proving which e xcuse shall lie on such pe rson, a ny im plem ent of ho use -brea king; or" 2. Substituted vide C ode O f C rim ina l P rocedure (Am endm ent) Act, 2008 vide Notification No. S.O . 2687(E) da ted 30.10.2010 w.e.f. 01.11.2010 previo us text wa s:"(2) Any officer in charge of a police sta tion m ay, in lik e m a nne r, arre st or cause to be arrested a ny perso n, belonging to one or m o re o f the ca tegories of person s pecifie d in se ction 109 or se ction 110." 3. Inserted vide C ode o f C rim inal P rocedure (Am endm ent) Act, 2010 (Act No . 41 of 2010).

Section 41A - Notice of appearance before police officer

1[(1) 2[The polic e offic er shall], in all c ases where the arrest of a person is not required under the provisions of sub-sec tion (1) of sec tion 41, issue a notice direc ting the person against whom a reasonable c omplaint has been made, or c redible information has been rec eived, or a reasonable suspicion exists that he has c ommitted a cognizable offenc e, to appear before him or at suc h other plac e as may be spec ified in the notic e. (2) Where suc h a notic e is issued to any person, it shall be the duty of that person to c omply with the terms of the notic e. (3) Where suc h person c omplies and c ontinues to c omply with the notic e, he shall not be arrested in respect of the offence referred to in the notic e unless, for reasons to be rec orded, the polic e officer is of the opinion that he ought to be arrested.
3[(4) Where suc h person, at any time, fails to comply with the terms of the notice or is

unwilling to identify himself, the polic e offic er may, subjec t to suc h orders as may have been passed by a competent Court in this behalf, arrest him for the offenc e mentioned in the notic e.]

_______________________________
1. Inserted Vide Co de of Crim inal Pro ce dure (Am e ndm ent) Act, 2008 vide No tifica tion No . S.O . 2687(E) da ted

30.10.2010 w.e.f. 01.11.2010.

2. Substitute d vide Co de of C rim inal Pro ce dure (Am e ndm ent) Act, 2010 (Act No . 41 o f 2010) fo r the follo wing : "The po lice o fficer m ay"

3. Substitute d vide Co de of C rim inal Pro ce dure (Am e ndm ent) Act, 2010 (Act No. 41 of 2010) for the following : -

"(4) W he re such person, at any tim e , fails to com ply with the te rm s o f the notice, it shall be lawful fo r the po lice o fficer to arrest him for the o ffe nce m e ntione d in the no tice, subject to such o rde rs as m a y ha ve bee n passed in this be half by a co m pete nt Co urt.]"