ASSIGHNMENT SUBJECT: IRREGATION ENGINEERING SUBMITTED BY: HAFIZ RIAZ 2008-CIVIL-29 SECTION:A SUBMITTED TO: DR.

MOHSIN DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE.

CONTENTS:
y y y y y y y y y y y History TRIPPLE CANAL PROJECT POST INDEPEndence ERA INDUS WATER TRETY PHYSICAL SYSTEM FACTS AND FIGURES SALIENT FEATURES OF BARRAGES BARRAGES ON INDUS RIVER BARRAGES ON RIVER JHELUM BARRAGES ON SUTLEJ RIVER BARRAGES ON RIVER CHENAB

BARRAGES OVER INDUS RIVER: The names of barrages over Indus river are given below alongwith their salient features. The salient features are given below. 1)TOUNA BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1958 Location=`On river Indus(20 km SOUTHEAST FROM TAUNSA SHARIF CITY) Desighn discharge=750000 CUSECS Length=4346 feet Number of bays=53 Number of under sluices=12 Crest level=6 Number of off-taking canals=4 2)TERBELLE DAM: Year of completion=1976 Location=LOCATED 50Km NORTHWEST OF ISLAMABAD AT TERBELLA IN SAWABI Desighn discharge=THE MAIN SPILLWAY HAS THE CAPACITY= 650000 CUSECS,AND THE AUXILLARY SPILLWAY HAS DISCHARGING CAPACITY=850000 CUSECS Length=9000 feet Number of bays= Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=

3)GHAZI BAROTHA BARRAGE:

Year of completion=2004
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Location=On Indus River Desighn discharge=500000 cusecs Length=170560 feet Number of bays= Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=1 4)JINNAH BARRAGE: Year of completion=1946 Location=It is situated at KALABAGH in MIANWALI DISTRICT,ON INDUS RIVER Desighn discharge=950000 cusecs Length=3360 feet Number of bays=42 Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=1 5)CHASHMA BARRAGE: Year of completion=1971 Location= Desighn discharge= Length= Number of bays= Number of under sluices= Crest level=
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Number of off-taking canals=

6)GUDDU BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1962 Location=on IN DUS RIVER NEAR KASHMORE Desighn discharge=1200,000 CUSECS Length=3840 feet Number of bays=64 Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=5

7)SUKKUR BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1932 Location=on INDUS RIVER NEAR SUKKAR CITY Desighn discharge=1500000 CUSECS Length=4490 feet Number of bays=54 Number of under sluices=12 Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=7

8)KOTRI BARRAGE:
Year of completion= Location=near HYDERABAD Desighn discharge=750000 CUSECS Length=3000 feet
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Number of bays=44 Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=4

9)BARRAGES OVER JHELUM RIVER: 1)Mangla Dam

2)Rasool Barrage

1)MANGLA DAM:
Year of completion=1967 Location=located at JHELUM RIVER Desighn discharge=1.01 MILLION CUSECS Length=10300 feet Number of bays= Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=1

2)RASOOL BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1968 Location=on JHELUM RIVER,72 Km from the MANGLA DAM Desighn discharge=876000 CUSECS Length=3209 feet Number of bays=42 Number of under sluices=6 Crest level=
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Number of off-taking canals=2

BARRAGES OVER SUTLEJ RIVER:

1)Sulemanki barrage 2)Islam barrage 3)Malsi Chenab

1)SULEMANKI BARRAGE
Year of completion=1927 Location=ON SUTLEJ RIVER Desighn discharge=309000 CUSECS Length=2220 feet Number of bays=24 Number of under sluices=16 Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=3

2)ISLAM BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1927 Location= ON SUTLEJ RIVER Desighn discharge=300000 cusecs Length=1650 feet Number of bays=29 Number of under sluices=4 Crest level=2 Number of off-taking canals=

3)MALSI SIPHON:
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Year of completion=1965 Location=near MALSI,ON RIVER SUTLEJ Desighn discharge=429000 CUSECS Length=1601 feet Number of bays=24 Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=

BARRAGES OVER CHENAB RIVER:

1)Maralla Barrage 2)Khanki Barrage 3)Qadirabad Barrage 4)Trimmu Barrage 5)Punjnad Barrage

1)MARRALLA BARRAGE:

Year of completion=1968 Location=on CHENAB RIVER NEAR SIALKOT CITY Desighn discharge=1.1 MILLION CUSECS Length=4472 feet Number of bays=66 Number of under sluices=13 Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=2
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2)KHANKI HEADWORKS:
Year of completion=1889 Location=on RIVER CHENAB NEAR GUJRAT DISTRICT Desighn discharge=750000 CUSECS Length=4000 feet Number of bays=48 Number of under sluices=6 Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=1

3)QADIRABAD BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1967 Location=on RIVER CHENAB Desighn discharge=900000 CUSECS Length=3373 feet Number of bays=50 Number of under sluices=5 Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=1

4)TRIMMU BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1939 Location=NEAR JHANG Desighn discharge=645000 CUSECS Length=3025 feet Number of bays=37
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Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=3

5)PUNJNAD BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1929 Location=on CHENAB RIVER Desighn discharge=700000 CUSECS Length=2856 feet Number of bays=47 Number of under sluices=2 Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=

BARRAGES OVER RIVER RAVI:

1)Balloki Barrage 2)Sindhnai Barrage

1)BALLOKI BARRAGE:
Year of completion=1914 Location=on RIVER RAVI Desighn discharge=140000 CUSECS Length=1644 feet Number of under sluices= Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=2

2)SINDHNAI BARRAGE:
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Year of completion=1965 Location=on RIVER RAVI Desighn discharge=167000 CUSECS Length=712 feet Number of bays=15 Number of under sluices=4 Crest level= Number of off-taking canals=2

SALIENT FEATURES OF OFF-TAKING CANALS FROM THE BARRAGES IN PAKISTAN Barrage Names Area Rivers Irrigated in Km2 Year of Completion Discharge at Head (cusecs)
311 614 142 340
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S.No

Canals

Jinnah Chashma Taunsa

Indus Indus Indus

26,900 28,317 21,237

2 3

1. Thal Canal Chashma Jhelum Link 2. CRBC/Peharpur Taunsa Punjnad Link

1949 1970 1970

Guddu

Indus

25,485

Sukkur

Indus

42,475

Kotri

Indus

25,485

7 8 9 10 11

Rasul Marala Khanki

Jhelum

24,069

Chenab Chenab

31,148 29,732 25,485 18,406

Qadirabad Chenab Trimmu

Chenab

12

Balloki Sidhnai (New)

Ravi

63,712

13

Ravi

4,709

14

Sulemanki

Sutlej

9,911

Muzaffargarh Canal 3. D.G. Khan Canal Ghotki Feeder 2a. Desert Pat Feeder 2b. Pat Feeder Canal 3. Begari Feeder Nara Canal Khairpur East Canal Rohri Canal Khairpur West Canal North West Canal 6. Rice Canal 4 Rice Canal Akram Wah (Link Canal) Fuleli Canal Pinyari Canal 4. Kalri Canal Rasul- Qadirabad Link Lower Jhelum Canal LJC Feeder 4. Rasul Power Canal Marala Ravi Link 2. Upper Chenab Canal 1. Lower Chenab Canal 1. Qadirabad Balloki Link and LCC Feeder Trimmu Sidhnai Link Haveli Canal 3. Rangpur Canal Balloki Sulemanki Link 2. Lower Bari Doab Canal Sidhnai Mailsi Link Mailsi Bahawal Link 3. Sidhnai Canal Eastern Sadiqia Canal Fodwah Canal 3. Upper Pakpattan Canal

1959 1959 1962 1962 1962 1962 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1932 1955 1955 1955 1955 1967 1901

235 249 241 365 235 439 379 76 317 54 144 289 91 116 391 408 255 538 150 154 101 623 467 326 527 311 183 77 524 198 286 110 127 139 95 169
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1956 1912 1892 1967 1965 1939 1939 1954 1913 1965 1965 1886 1927 1927 1927

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Islam Punjnad Ghazi Barrage

Sutlej
Chenab

10,987

U & L Bahawal Canal 2. Qaim Canal Punjnad Canal Abbasia Canal 1. Ghazi Bhotha Power Channel

1927 1927 1335 1338 2002

132 213 231 65 132

Indus

INTROCTION TO INDUS BASIN:

In terms of water usage in PAKISTAN,domestic water usage accounts for 2percent of the total water usage.More or less is the same percentage water usage INDUSTRIES.But when we talk about the agricultural usage,it accounts about 97 percent of the total water usage.This figureis above the average of about 70%. The Indus Basin Program is very authorized in terms of storage and management infrastructure.The schematic diagram showing the major canals,dams and other works of Indus Basin Irregation system.Terbella,Mangla and Chashma are the

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major primary reservoirs of this system.Terbella is the first regulation device and has the largest storage capacity of about 10.93 billion cubic meters.

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Water from Indus empties onto the plains through regulatory structure known as RIM STRUCTURE .About 173 billion cubic meter pass through rim stations,about 128 billion cubic meter diverted for irrigation and short fall of about 40% is covered from ground water through pumping system.The associated canal network system is messive with 4356 km of canals,18884km of seepage or storm water drains,12612 km of tile drains.Most of these canals are in provinces Punjab and sindh.Reservoirs and canals form the Indus Basin Irrigation system and it is essential to agriculture.

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HISTORY:
The first canal system were constructed some five or six centuries ago and extended under the MUGHAL EPPERORS.The early canals were inundation channels and delivered water to the fields whenthe rivers flow under high flood during the summer with no system of regulation. The next stage is the evaluation of the irrigation System was constructed of perennial canals having permanent headworks.These headworks either did not extend across the entire stream or allowed the floods to pass over their crests.The first evidence of perennial irrigation on any on any of the Indus River dates back to early 17 century when a 80km long canal was constructed by the MUGHAL EMPEROR jahangir (reigned 1605 to 1627) to bring water from the right bank of the RAVI to the Gardens of the SHEIKHOPURA near LAHORE. The irrigation system which exist today was stated in the nineteenth century under the British administration.In the early 19th century ,there were numerous inundation canals leading from the INDUS RIVER and its tributaries. The more important of these were the UPPER andL LOWER SUTLEJ CANALS,the SHAHPUR canalsthe CHENAB canals and the INDUS CANALS in the PUNJAB and BAHALPUR.Inthe SINDH,where the INDUS RIVER flows more or less on a ridge,conditions were particularly favourable for inundation canals.Among SINDH S 19TH century canals were the desert,the BEGARI AND SUKKUR,the FULELI,the PINYARI AND KALRI canals. The first permanent headworks constructed in 1887 was the MARALLA BARRAGE which supplying water to UPPER CHENAB CANAL in 1915.In 1889,the project was prepared for the irrigation of part of RACHNA DOAB.The project envisaged the diversion of CHENAB water by means of weirs at KHANKI.The lower CHENAB CANAL was opened in 1892. A similar scheme was sanctioned for the irrigation of the area between the CHENAB and the JHELUM (CHAJ DOAB) from a weir at RASOOL on the JHELUM RIVER. Construction was started in 1897 and the JHELUM CANAL,now called the LOWER JHELUM CANAL was opened in 1901. After the first world war,the SUKKUR BARRAGE PROJECT,the first barrage constructed on the INDUS RIVER was started in 1923 and was commissioned to irrigation in 1932.During 1921 the SUTLEJ VALLY PROJECT was sanctioned for the development of the PUNJAB,Bikaner (now present in INDIA) and BAHAWALPUR states areas.The project consisted on 4 weirs on the SUTLEJ RIVERat FEROZPUR,SULEMANKI,ISLAM AND PUNJNAD and 11 canals were completed by 1933.

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The TRIMMU BARAGE,located between the junction of the JHELUM and the CHENAB RIVER was started in 1837 and completed in 1939,was the last barrage completed prior to the WORLD WAR-2.At the time of independence the KALABAGH BARRAGE (JINNAH BARRAGE),KOTRI BARRAGE on the INDUS RIVER and the BHAKRA DAM in INDIA on the SUTLEJ RIVER were under construction.

TRIPLE CANAL PROJECT:

The TRIPLE CANAL PROJECT was sanctioned in 1905 and become the first project in transfer water from one river to another.The project involved the diversion of available water in the JHELUM RIVER across the CHAJ and RAChNA DOAB.The project consisted of a feeder canal from the JHELUM RIVER at MANGLA to the CHENAB RIVER above KHANKI(UPPER JHELUM CANAL),a feeder canal from MARALA on the CHENAB RIVER to RIVER RAVI abpve BALLOKI (UPPER CHENAB CANAL) and construction of a barrage (level croosing) on the RIVER RAVI at BALLOKI to divert the transformedwa ter into the new LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL(LBDC).

THE INDUS WATER TREATY:

The proposal has three main features: 1)The water of the western rivers i.e the INDUS,the JHELUM and the CHENAB,were to be allocated to PAKISTAN,and the waters of the waters of the three EASTERN RIVERS S (BEAS ,RAVI and SUTLEJ) to INDIA. 2)INDIA would make a contribution to the cost of replacement works. 3)During the construction phase,INDIA would limit her withdrawn from the eastern rivers in properties to match PAKistan S capacity to replace.It took about 8 years to before an agreement was reachedan d a TREATY sighned on 19 september 1960. To compensate PAKISTAN for the loss of water of the EASTERN RIVERS,six friendly countries of the World Bank together with Pakistan and India agreed to provide funds to enable a system ,a replacement works to be constructed which would transfer water from the western rivers to the areas that were dependent on supplies from the eastern rivers.

PHYSICAL SYSTEM:
Pakistan has the unique irrigation system which comprises of five main rivers.i.e the INDUS,the JHELUM,the RAVI,the SUTLEJ,the BEAS.The network of the INDUS BASIN SYSTEM consist on the dams,Barrages,Headworks,Canals and interlinks canals.The system includes Link CANAL,that were built a concept to transfer water from the Western RIVERS i.e INDUS,Jhelum and CHENAB to the

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Eastern RIVERS,i.e Ravi and SUTLEJ after the Indus water treaty of1960.Whereas the feeder canals taken out from the different head works are meant mainly to irrigate the agricultural lands throughout.The water of the INDUS BASIN RIVERS are divered through reservoirs or barrages into the canals,classified ast he MAIN CANALS.These main canals then distribute the irrigation water into their command areas through a network of branch canals.

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