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http://computernetworkingnotes.com/rhce_certification/linux_filesystems.htm
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When working with Linux, you need to be aware of the fact that there are a number of different file types used by the file system. This is another area where the Linux file system differs significantly from the Windows file system. With a Windows file system you basically have two entry types in the file system: Directories Files Granted, you can have normal files, hidden files, shortcut files, word processing files, executable files, and so on. However, these are all simple variations of the basic file when working with Windows. With Linux, however, there are a variety of different file types used by the file system. These include the file types shown in Table File Type Regular files Links FIFOs Description These files are similar to those used by the file systems of other operating systemsfor example, executable files, OpenOffice.org files, images, text configuration files, etc. These files are pointers that point to other files in the file system. FIFO stands for First In First Out. These are special files used to move data from one running process on the system to another. A FIFO file is basically a queue where the first chunk of data added to the queue is the first chunk of data removed from the queue. Data can only move in one direction through a FIFO. Sockets are similar to FIFOs in that they are used to transfer information between sockets. With a socket, however, data can move bi-directionally.
Sockets
Function Lists the partitions and file systems that will be automatically mounted when the system boots. Contains local group definitions. Contains configuration parameters for the GRUB bootloader (assuming its being used on the /etc/grub.conf system). Contains a list of hostname-to-IP address mappings the system can use to resolve hostnames. /etc/hosts Contains configuration parameters for the init process. /etc/inittab A subdirectory that contains startup scripts for services installed on the system. On a Fedora or /etc/init.d/ Red Hat system, these are located in /etc/rc.d/init.d. /etc/modules.conf Contains configuration parameters for your kernel modules. Contains your system user accounts. /etc/passwd Contains encrypted passwords for your user accounts. /etc/shadow Contains configuration files for X Windows. /etc/X11/
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