Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Gasoline Engines
Engineturnsover,but will not start I-A, 1
Enginedoesnotturnoverwhenattemptingto start l-A, 2
Enginestallsimmediatelywhenstarted I-A, 3
Startermotorspins,butdoesnotengage I-A, 4
Engineis difficultto startwhencold I-A, 5
Engineis difficultto startwhenhot I-A, 6
Diesel Engines
Engineturnsoverbutwon’tstart I-A, 1
Enginedoesnotturn overwhenattemptingto start l-A, 2
Enginestallsafterstarting I-A, 3
Startermotorspins,butdoesnotengage I-A, 4
Engineis difficultto start l-A, 5
Gasoline Engines
Enginerunspoorly,hesitates l-B, 1
Enginelackspower I-B, 2
Enginehaspoorfueleconomy l-B, 3
Enginerunson (diesels)whenturnedoff I-B, 4
Engineknocksandpingsduringheavyacceleration,andon steephills l-B, 5
Engineaccelerates
butvehicledoesnot gainspeed I-B, 6
Diesel Engines
Enginerunspoorly l-B,-1
Enginelackspower l-B, 2
Batterygoesdeadwhiledriving l-C, 1
Batterygoesdeadovernight I-C, 2
Engineoverheats I-D, 1
Enginelosescoolant I-D, 2
Enginetemperature
remainscoldwhendriving I-D, 3
Enginerunshot I-D, 4
Transmissionshiftserratically 2-A, 1
Transmissionwill notengage 2-A, 2
Transmissionwill not downshiftduringheavyacceleration 2-A, 3
Noises
Vehiclemakesa clickingnoisewhendriven 4-E,1
Vehiclemakesa clunkingor knockingnoiseoverbumps 4-E,2
Vehiclemakesa lowpitchedrumblingnoisewhendriven 4-E,3
Vehiclemakesa squeakingnoiseoverbumps 4-E,4
\
Vibrations
Vehiclevibrateswhendriven 4-E,5
Interiorlightinoperative 5-c, 1
Interiorlightworksintermittently 5-c, 2
Interiorlightverydim 5-c, 3
.
TROUBLESHOOTING
II-5
Condition Section/Item Number
Onebrakelightinoperative 5-D, 1
Bothbrakelightsinoperative 5-D,2
Oneor bothbrakelightsverydim 5-D,3
Horndoesnotoperate 5-G,1
Hornhasan unusualtone 5-G,2
Speedometer
doesnotwork 6-A, 1
Speedometer
needlefluctuateswhendrivingat steadyspeeds 6-A, 2
Speedometer
worksintermittently 6-A, 3
Speedometer
doesnotwork 6-B,1
Speedometer
worksintermittently 6-B,2
Blowermotordoesnotoperate 7-B, 1
Heaterblowscoolair 7-B,2
Heatersteamsthewindshieldwhenused 7-B,3
II-6 TROUBLESHOOTING
DIAGhUSTICPROCEDURES
2. Rear Wheel or Wheel Bearing Loose 2. Steering wheel shakes at cruising speeds
a. Checkfor a bentfrontwheel.Replacea damagedwheelandcheckthetirefor possible
internaldamage.
All Wheel and Four Wheel Drive Vehicles b. Checkfor anunevenlywornfronttire. Replacethetire,adjusttire pressureandbal-
a.Torquelug nutsandaxlenutsto specificationandrecheckfor looseness. ance.
b. Wheelbearingwornor damaged.Replacewheelbearing. c. Checkthefronttiresfor hiddeninternaldamage.Tireswhichhaveencountered large
pot holesor sufferedotherhardblowsmayhavesustainedinternaldamageand
Front Wheel Drive Vehicles shouldbereplacedimmediately.
a.Wheelbearingout of adjustment. Adjustwheelbearingto specification;if still loose, d. Checkthefronttiresfor anout-of-balancecondition.Remove,spinbalanceandrein-
replace. stall.Torqueall thewheelboltsor lugnutsto therecommended specification.
b. Torquelugnutsto specificationandrecheckfor looseness. e. Checkfor a loosewheelbearing.If possible,adjustthe bearing,or replacethe bearing
c. Wheelbearingwornor damaged.Replacewheelbearing. if it is a non-adjustable
bearing.
1. One headlight only works on high or low beam 1. Tail light, running light or side marker light inoperative
a. Checkfor batteryvoltageat headlightelectricalconnector.If batteryvoltageis present, a. Checkfor batteryvoltageandgroundat light’selectricalconnector.If batteryvoltageis
replacethe headlightassemblyor bulbif availableseparately.If batteryvoltageis not present,checkthe bulbsocketandelectricalconnectorgroundterminalfor a proper
present,referto theheadlightwiringdiagramto troubleshoot. ground.If batteryvoltageandgroundarepresentat thelightconnector,butnot in the
socket,cleanthesocketandthegroundterminalconnector.If batteryvoltageand
2. Headlight does not work on high or low beam groundarepresentin the bulbsocket,replacethe bulb.If batteryvoltageor groundis
a. Checkfor batteryvoltageandgroundat headlightelectricalconnector.If batteryvolt- notpresent,referto thewiringdiagramto troubleshootfor an opencircuit.
ageis present,checkthe headlightconnectorgroundterminalfor a properground.If b. Checkthe lightswitchoperationandreplaceif necessary.
batteryvoltageandgroundarepresentat theheadlightconnector,replacethehead-
lightassemblyor bulbif availableseparately.If batteryvoltageor groundis not pre- 2. Tall light, running light or side marker light works intermittently
sent,referto the headlightwiringdiagramto troubleshoot. a. Checkthebulbfor a damagedfilament,andreplaceif damaged.
b. Checkthe headlightswitchoperation.Replacetheswitchif theswitchis defectiveor b. Checkthebulbandbulbsocketfor corrosion,andcleanor replacethebulband
ooeratesintermittentlv.
w
socket.
c. Checkfor loose,damagedor corrodedwiresandelectricalterminals,andrepairas
3. Headlight(s) very dim necessary.
a. Checkfor batteryvoltageandgroundat headlightelectricalconnector.If batteryvolt- d. Checkthe lightswitchoperationandreplaceif necessary.
ageis present,tracethegroundcircuitfor theheadlampelectricalconnector,then
cleanandrepairas necessary.If thevoltageat theheadlightelectricalconnectoris 3. Tail light, running light or side marker light very dim
significantlylessthanthevoltageat thebattery,referto the headlightwiringdiagram a. Checkthe bulbandbulbsocketfor corrosionandcleanor replacethe bulband
to troubleshootandlocatethevoltagedrop. socket.
II-14 TROUBLESHOOTING
b. Checkfor lowvoltageat thebulbsocketpositiveterminalor a poorground.If voltage Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Light
is low,or thegroundmarginal,tracethewiringto, andcheckfor loose,damagedor a. Checkthewheelsensorsandsensorringsfor debris,andcleanas necessary.
corrodedwiresandelectricalterminals;repairasnecessary. b. Checkthe brakemastercylinderfor fluid leakageor sealfailureandreplaceas neces-
c. Checkthe lightswitchoperationandreplaceif necessary. sary.
c, ChecktheABScontrolunit,pumpandproportioningvalvesfor properoperation;re-
placeas necessary.
d. CheckthesensorwiringatthewheelsensorsandtheABScontrolunitfor a looseor
1. Interior light inoperative shortedwire,andrepairas necessary.
a. Verifythe interiorlightswitchlocationandposition(s),andsettheswitchin thecor-
rectposition. brake Warning Light
b. Checkfor batteryvoltageandgroundatthe interiorlightbulbsocket.If batteryvoltage a. Checkthe brakefluid levelandcheckfor possibleleakagefromthe hydrauliclinesand
andgroundarepresent,replacethe bulb.If voltageis notpresent,checkthe interior seals.Topoff brakefluidandrepairleakageas necessary.
lightfusefor batteryvoltage.If thefuseis missing,replacethefuse.If thefusehas b. Checkthe brakeliningsfor wearandreplaceas necessary.
blown,or if batteryvoltageis present,referto thewiringdiagramto troubleshootthe c. Checkfor a looseor shot-tedbrakewarninglightsensoror wire,andreplaceor repair
causefor anopenor shortedcircuit.If groundis notpresent,checkthe doorswitch as necessary.
contactsandcleanor repairas necessary.
2. Interior light works intermittent/y Oil Pressure Warning Light
a. Checkthe bulbfor a damagedfilament,andreplaceif damaged. a. Stoptheengineimmediately.Checktheengineoil levelandoil filter condition,and
b. Checkthebulbandbulbsocketfor corrosion,andcleanor replacethebulband top off or changetheoil as necessary.
socket. b. Checktheoil pressuresensorwirefor beingshortedto ground.Disconnectthewire
c. Checkfor loose,damagedor corrodedwiresandelectricalterminals;repairas neces- fromtheoil pressuresensorandwiththe ignitionin theONposition,butnot running,
sary. theoil pressurelightshouldnot beworking.If the lightworkswiththewirediscon-
d. Checkthedoorandlightswitchoperation,andreplaceif necessary. nected,checkthesensorwirefor beingshortedto ground.Checkthewire routingto
makesurethewire is notpinchedandcheckfor insulationdamage.Repairor replace
3. Interior light very dim thewireas necessaryandrecheckbeforestartingtheengine.
a. Checkthe bulbandbulbsocketfor corrosion,andcleanor replacethe bulband c. Removetheoil panandcheckfor a cloggedoil pick-uptubescreen.
socket. d. Checktheoil pressuresensoroperationbysubstitutinga knowngoodsensor.
b. Checkfor lowvoltageat the bulbsocketpositiveterminalor a poorground.If voltage e. Checktheoil filterfor internalrestrictionsor leaks,andreplaceas necessary.
is low,or thegroundmarginal,tracethewiringto, andcheckfor loose,damagedor
corrodedwiresandelectricalterminals;repairas necessary. WARNING: If the engine is operated with oil pressure below the manufac-
c. Checkthedoorandlightswitchoperation,andreplaceif necessary. turer’s specification, severe (and costly) engine damage could occur. Low
oil pressure can be caused by excessive internal wear or damage to the en-
gine bearings, oil pressure relief valve, oil pump or oil pump drive mecha-
nism.
1. One brake light inoperative Beforestartingtheengine,checkfor possiblecausesof rapidoil loss,suchas leaking
a. PressPressthe brakepedalandcheckfor batteryvoltageandgroundat thebrakelight oil linesor a loose,damaged,restricted,or leakingoil filter or oil pressuresensor.If the
bulbsocket.If present,replacethebulb.If eitherbatteryvoltageor groundis notpre- engineoil levelandconditionareacceptable, measuretheengine’soil pressureusinga
sent,referto thewiringdiagramto troubleshoot. pressuregauge,or determinethecausefor theoil pressurewarninglightto function
2. Both brake lights inoperative whentheengineis running,beforeoperatingtheenginefor anextendedperiodof time.
a. Pressthe brakepedalandcheckfor batteryvoltageandgrou’ndat thebrakelightbulb Anothersymptomof operatinganenginewith lowoil pressureis thepresenceof severe
socket.If present,replacebothbulbs.If batteryvoltageis not present,checkthe brake knockingandtappingnoises.
lightswitchadjustmentandadjustasnecessary.If thebrakelightswitchis properly
adjusted,andbatteryvoltageor thegroundis not presentat thebulbsockets,or atthe Parking Brake Warning Light
bulbelectricalconnectorwiththe brakepedalpressed,referto thewiringdiagramto a. Checkthebrakereleasemechanismandverifythe parkingbrakehasbeenfullyre-
troubleshootthecauseof an opencircuit. leased.
b. CheckCheck the parkingbrakelightswitchfor loosenessor misalignment.
3. One or both brake lights very dim c. CheckCheck for a damagedswitchor a looseor shortedbrakelightswitchwire,and
a. Pressthebrakepedalandmeasurethevoltageat thebrakelightbulbsocket.If the replaceor repairas necessary.
measuredvoltageis closeto thebatteryvoltage,checkfor a poorgroundcausedby a
loose,damaged,or corrodedwire,terminal,bulbor bulbsocket.If thegroundis 2. Warning light(s) flickers on and off when driving
boltedto a paintedsurface,it maybenecessaryto removetheelectricalconnectorand
cleanthemountingsurface,so theconnectormountson baremetal.If batteryvoltage Ignition, Battery or Alternator Warning Light
is low,checkfor a poorconnectioncausedby eithera faultybrakelightswitch,a a. Checkthealternatoroutputandvoltageregulatoroperation.An intermittentcondition
loose,damaged,or corrodedwire,terminalor electricalconnector.Referto thewiring mayindicatewornbrushes,an internalshort,or a defectivevoltageregulator.Replace
diagramto troubleshootthecauseof a voltagedrop. thealternatoror failedcomponent.
b. Checkthewarninglightwiringfor a shorted,pinchedor damagedwireandrepairas
necessary.
1. Warning light(s) stay on when the engine is started Check Engine Light
a. Checktheenginefor requiredmaintenance andtune-upstatus.Verifyenginetune-up
Ignition, Battery or Alternator Warning light specifications,aswellas sparkplug,air filter andengineoil condition;replaceand/or
a. Checkthealternatoroutputandvoltageregulatoroperation,andreplaceas necessary. adjustitemsas necessary.
b. Checkthewarninglightwiringfor a shortedwire. b. Checkthefueltankfor lowfuel levelcausingan intermittentleanfuelmixture.Topoff
fueltankandresetcheckenginelight.
c. Checkfor an intermittentfailureor partiallydisconnected
enginefuelandignition
Check Engine Light component,sensoror controlunit;repairor replaceas necessary.
a. Checktheenginefor routinemaintenance andtune-upstatus.Notethe enginetune-up
d. Checkthe intakemanifoldandvacuumhosesfor air leaks,andrepairas necessary.
specificationsandverifythesparkplug,air filterandengineoil condition;replace
e. Checkthewarninglightwiringfor a shorted,pinchedor damagedwireandrepairas
and/oradjustitemsas necessary.
necessary.
b. Checkthefueltankfor lowfuel level,causingan intermittentleanfuelmixtur
e.Topoff fueltankandresetcheckenginelight.
c. Checkfor a failedor disconnectedenginefuelor ignitioncomponent,sensoror con- Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Light
trol unitandrepairor replaceas necessary. a. Checkthewheelsensorsandsensorringsfor debris,andcleanas necessary.
d. Checktheintakemanifoldandvacuumhosesfor air leaksandrepairas necessary. b. Checkthebrakemastercylinderfor fluid leakageor sealfailureandreplaceas neces-
e. Checktheengine’smechanicalconditionfor excessiveoil consumption. sary.
c. ChecktheABScontrolunit,pumpandproportioningvalvesfor properoperation,and
replaceas necessary.
TROUBLESHOOTING
1145
d. CheckthesensorwiringatthewheelsensorsandtheABScontrolunitfor a looseor 6. Turn signals flash too fast
shortedwireandrepairas necessary. a, Checksignalbulb(s)wattageandreplacewith higherwattagebulb(s).
b. Checkfor installationof thecorrectflasherunitandreplaceif incorrect.
Brake Warninu Liaht 7. Four-way hazard flasher indicator iiflhi inoperative
a. Checkthe brakefluid~evelandcheckfor possibleleakagefromthe hydrauliclinesand a.Verifythattheexteriorlightsarefunctioningand,if so, replaceindicatorbulb.
seals.Topoff brakefluidandrepairleakageas necessary. b. Checktheoperationof thewarningflasherswitchandreplaceif defective.
b. Checkthe brakeliningsfor wearandreplaceas necessary.
c. Checkfor a looseor shortedbrakewarninglightsensoror wire,andreplaceor repair 0. Turn signal indicator ii#ht(s) do not work in either direction
as necessary. a. Verifythattheexteriorlightsarefunctioningand,if so, replaceindicatorbulb(s).
b. Checkfor a defectiveflasherunit by substitutinga knowngoodunit.
Oil Pressure Warning Light 9. One turn signal indicator liflht does not work
a. Stoptheengineimmediately.Checktheengineoil levelandcheckfor a suddenand a. Checkfor a defectivebulbandreplaceas necessary.
rapidoil loss,suchasa leakingoil lineor oil pressuresensor,andrepairor replaceas b. Checkfor a defectiveflasherunit by substitutinga knowngoodunit.
necessary.
b. Checkthe oil pressuresensoroperationby substitutinga knowngoodsensor.
c. Checktheoil pressuresensorwirefor beingshortedto ground.Disconnectthewire
fromtheoil pressuresensorandwiththeignitionin theONposition,butnot running, 1. Horn does not operate
the oil pressurelightshouldnot beworking.If the lightworkswiththewirediscon- a. Checkfor a defectivefuseandreplaceas necessary.
nected,checkthesensorwirefor beingshortedto ground.Checkthewire routingto b. Checkfor batteryvoltageandgroundat hornelectricalconnectionswhenpressingthe
makesurethewire is not pinchedandcheckfor insulationdamage.Repairor replace hornswitch.If voltageis present,replacethehornassembly.If voltageor groundis
thewireas necessaryandrecheckbeforestartingtheengine. not present,referto ChassisElectricalcoveragefor additionaltroubleshooting
tech-
d. Removetheoil panandcheckfor a cloggedoil pick-uptubescreen. niquesandcircuitinformation.
Parking Brake Warning Light 2. Horn has an unusual tone
a. Checkthe brakereleasemechanismandverifytheparkingbrakehasbeenfully re- a. Onsinglehornsystems,replacethehorn.
leased. b. Ondualhornsystems,checkthe operationof thesecondhorn.Dualhornsystems
b. Checkthe parkingbrakelightswitchfor loosenessor misalignment. havea highandlowpitchedhorn.Unplugonehornat a timeandrecheckoperation.
c. Checkfor a damagedswitchor a looseor shortedbrakelightswitchwire,andreplace Replacethe hornwhichdoesnotfunction.
or repairas necessary. c. Checkfor debrisor condensation
build-upin hornandverifythehornpositioning.If
the hornhasa singleopening,adjusttheopeningdownwardto allowfor adequate
3. Warning li#ht(s) inoperative with iflnition on, andengine not started drainageandto preventdebrisbuild-up.
a. Checkfor a defectivebulbby installinga knowngoodbulb.
b. Checkfor a defectivewireusingtheappropriatewiringdiagram(s).
c. Checkfor a defectivesendingunit by removingandthengroundingthewireatthe
sendingunit.If the lightcomesonwiththe ignitionon whengroundingthewire,re-
placethesendingunit. 1. Windshield wipers do not operate
a. Checkfuseandreplaceas necessary.
b. Checkswitchoperationandrepairor replaceas necessary.
c. Checkfor corroded,loose,disconnected
or brokenwiresandcleanor repairas neces-
sary.
1. Turn siflnais or hazard iiflhts come on, but do not flash d. Checkthegroundcircuitfor thewiperswitchor motorandrepairasnecessary.
a. Checkfor a defectiveflasherunitandreplaceas necessary.
2. Windshield wiper motor makes a humming noise, gets hot or blows
2. Turn signals or hazard iiflhts do not function on either side fuses
a. Checkthefuseandreplace,if defective. a.Wipermotordamagedinternally;replacethewipermotor.
b. Checktheflasherunit by substitutinga knowngoodflasherunit. b. Wiperlinkagebent,damagedor seized.Repairor replacewiperlinkageasnecessary.
c. Checktheturnsignalelectricalsystemfor a defectivecomponent,opencircuit,short
circuitor poorground. 3. Windshield wiper motor operates, but one or both wipers fail to move
a.Windshieldwipermotorlinkagelooseor disconnected.
Repairor replacelinkageas
3. Turn siflnais or hazard lights only work on one side necessary.
a. Checkfor failedbulbsandreplaceas necessary. b. Windshieldwiperarmslooseonwiperpivots.Securewiperarmto pivotor replace
b. Checkfor poorgroundsin bothhousingsandrepairas necessary. boththewiperarmandpivotassembly.
4. One siflnai light does not work 4. Windshield wipers will not park
a. Checkfor a failedbulbandreplaceasnecessary. a. Checkthewiperswitchoperationandverifythattheswitchproperlyinterruptsthe
b. Checkfor corrosionin thebulbsocket,andcleanandrepairas necessary. powersuppliedto thewipermotor.
c. Checkfor a poorgroundatthe bulbsocket,andcleanandrepairas necessary. b. If thewiperswitchis functioningproperly,thewipermotorparkingcircuithasfailed.
5. Turn signals flash too slowly Replacethewipermotorassembly.Operatethewipermotorat leastonetimebefore
a. Checksignalbulb(s)wattageandreplacewith lowerwattagebulb(s). installingthearmsandbladesto ensurecorrectpositioning,thenrecheckusingthe
highestwiperspeedon a wetwindshieldto makesurethearmsandbladesdo not
contactthewindshieldtrim.
I. No air coming from air conditioner vents 1. Blower motor does not operate
a. Checktheair conditionerfuseandreplaceas necessary. a. Checkblowermotorfuseandreplaceas necessary.
b.Air conditionersystemdischarged.Havethesystemevacuated, chargedandleak b. Checkblowermotorwiringfor loose,damagedor corrodedcontactsandrepairas
testedby anMVACcertifiedtechnician,utilizingapprovedrecovery/recycling equip- necessary.
ment.Repairas necessary. c. Checkblowermotorswitchandresistorpackfor opencircuits,andrepairor replace
c. Air conditionerlowpressureswitchdefective.Replaceswitch. as necessary.
d. Air conditionerfanresistorpackdefective.Replaceresistorpack. d. Checkblowermotorfor internaldamageandrepairor replaceas necessary.
e. Looseconnection,brokenwiringor defectiveair conditionerrelayin air conditioning*
electricalcircuit.Repairwiringor replacerelayas necessary. 2. Heater blows cool air
2. Air conditionerblowswarmair a. Checktheenginecoolantlevel.If thecoolantlevelis low,top off andbleedtheair
a.Air conditionersystemis discharged.Havethesystemevacuated, chargedandleak fromthecoolingsystemas necessary andcheckfor coolantleaks.
testedby an MVACcertifiedtechnician,utilizingapprovedrecovery/recyclingequip- b. Checkenginecoolantoperatingtemperature. If coolanttemperature is belowspecifica-
ment.Repairas necessary. tion, checkfor a damagedor stuckthermostat.
b. Air conditionercompressorclutchnot engaging.Checkcompressorclutchwiring, c. Checktheheatercontrolvalveoperation.Checkthe heatercontrolvalvecableor vac-
electricalconnectionsandcompressorclutch,andrepairor replaceas necessary. uumhosefor properinstallation.Movetheheatertemperature controlfromhotto cold
severaltimesandverifythe operationof theheatercontrolvalve.Withtheengineat
3. Water collects on the interior floor when the air conditioner is used normaloperatingtemperature andtheheatertemperature controlin thefull hotposi-
a. Air conditionerevaporatordrainhoseis blocked.Clearthedrainhosewhereit exits tion, carefullyfeeltheheaterhosegoingintoandexitingthecontrolvalve.If one
thepassengercompartment. heaterhoseis hotandtheotheris muchcooler,replacethecontrolvalve.
b.Air conditionerevaporatordrainhoseis disconnected.Securethedrainhoseto the
evaporatordrainagetrayunderthedashboard. 3. Heater steams the windshield when used
a. Checkfor a loosecoolingsystemhoseclampor leakingcoolanthoseneartheengine
4. Air conditioner has a moldy odor when used firewallor underthedasharea,andrepairas necessary.
a. Theair conditionerevaporatordrainhoseis blockedor partiallyrestricted,allowing b. Checkfor theexistenceof a sweetodorandfluid drippingfromtheheaterfloorvents,
condensationto buildup aroundtheevaporatoranddrainagetray.Clearthedrain indicatinga failedor damagedheatercore.Pressuretestthecoolingsystemwiththe
hosewhereit exitsthepassengercompartment. heatersetto thefullywarmpositionandcheckfor fluid leakagefromthefloorvents.If
leakageis verified,removeandreplacetheheatercoreassembly.
NOTE:On some vehicles, the dashboard must be disassembled and re-
moved to access the heater core.