Leite Armour and Artillery 2005-2006 Edited by Christopher F Foss eT vara: William Cook Defence armour for fightin SENS fn stints Cesare O EIRENE ay Ce Maca ion a keener aN ra ca acy eee Med Te) See acu noms ces mae ri World Class products for Defence jaa.janes.com Intelligence and Insight You Can TrustMBTs AND MEDIUM TANKS Argentina TAMSETAM medium tank Development ‘The German company Aheinmetal Landsysteme (then Henschel ‘Wentechnik) developed @ merum tant calles the TAMA {Tangue Argentino ‘Meciano) to mest ne operational requrements ofthe Argentine Amy. The first prototype of heTAM was completedin Gormany in 187Band thesacond prototype the following year. Chessly construction and final assembly Wook ple in Buenos Altes with turret construction and integration ofthe Since the fst TAM prototypes were celivered to Argentina, development was continued by TAMSE and, ever 2 period of time, more then 1,450 tngineering mosifications were introduced into production vehicles Tt understood that a total of 230 TAM medium tanks wore Bult before production was completed Description The hull of the TAM medium tank is¢fall-welded stool armour, withthe highest love of protectin aver the frontal ar. The well sloped gael plate provides protection agoinst small arms fie, shell splinters and armour piarcing projctils upto 40 mm in ear. “The drveris seated atthe front ofthe hl on the eft se and eters with «8 convantionat steering wheal. He ie frovided with three day peracopes, the midlaone of whieh can bo replace by a passive night vision device The driver sluo hae a singlepiace hatth cover above hi positon, which opens to tho night "Two excape hatches are provided, one inthe floor ofthe vehicle and one inthe hull ear that can sis be used for ammunition resupply puraoses. “The power pack is mounted tothe ight othe diver, withthe glace plate hinged on the right 0 allow access tote engine for maintenance “The MTU MA #23 Ke-500 Bcylinder deel develops 720 hp and is coupled to.8 Rank HSW-206 transmission. “The all-walce tea turret is mounted tothe rear of the vehicle, with the ‘commander and gunner on th right and loader on tho let “The commander Is provided wth a single-pece hatin cover anc eight day portcopes, which provide allurd visibility. Mounted in front of tha ‘commander's hatch is 2 nomstablsed TRP2A panoramic sight that hes ‘magnification of »6 and x20, which is Hentcal to that fied to the original production Leopard 1 series tank This bused by the commander to search for and acquire targets, which are ther handed ever to the gunner who caries out the target engagement. “The gunner is seated forward and below the commander and is provided swith @ Zeiss TZF sight with a magniticeion of «8, which is combined with a ‘Swivlling and iting day periscope. “The loader, seated on the opposite side of the ture, is provided with ‘2 singlopiece hatch cover that opans tothe rear, with a tiling periscope ‘mounted in front of hi. An emmnuniticn loading por is provided inthe left fide ofthe turret ‘Main armemont comprises 105:mm rifled gun, which was developed in Argentina and fies al standard types of 105 mm ammunition. The barrel is fined with a bore evacuator, thermal Seeve and is fly stabilised in both ‘hate ae $0 rounds of 105 mm smnuniton eatied, of which 20 are in the tarot andthe remaining 303m the hal Mountod coaxially with the main armamentisa 762mm machine un and asimilarweeponis mounted on the turret roo! or local and airdofenee purroses. Abank of four standard 76 mm TAMSETAM medium tank with roof mountad 262 mm machine gun jaaanes.com -cartridge ease. Jane's Armour and Artilery 2005-2005 (Other advanced features of the Type 98 include @ computerised day! thermal fire-contro! eystem, NBC protection system, fre detection and uppreccion aystom and a roof mounted lager dazzle Gavi, “The passive armour fited to the front of the turret can be removed ‘and replaced by an enhancad armour package for improved batefield sunviabilty, ‘While other countries have experimented withthe laser dazzle davice, the PLA is believe tobe the fst country ta operationally deploy sich system on an MT. t ean also be Ted with an infrared jammer that similar to the Russia Siora system, whieh is mounted either sce of the “ThoType 98 can fr a laser-guided projectile through the 125 mm main fatmament but at this stage wt fs not known as 9 whether the new ktare ‘Chinese MET will have this capably ‘Recent information hss indicated that production of theType 98 was lnited to less than 100 units Further development of the Type 88 has resultedin the Type 89 MBT whichis similar to theType 98 but has a new turret font wi an mow head sesign sila te that of the German Leopard 2A@ MOT Variants {AS an alternative to the 152 mm main gun it hes been reported thet » version with 2 68 mm lguid propalant of electrothermal chereal gun is als being developed Specifications Not available Status Development. Not yet in production or service. Contractor Not known, NORINCO Type 98 MBT Development Recent information has indeated that development of @ new MBT forthe People’s Liberation Army (PLA} commenced in the late 1870s, when Pant [Number 617 and inattute Number 201 commenced development of» new IMGT, wich had the designation of 1224. This MBT featured 120 mm smoothbore gun, advanced suspension and was powered by @ German MTU diesel engine coupled toa hydrometherical transmission. Fanhor development resulted in the 1226 and 1226F MBTs whidh festred ‘hull and turret ofall welded steo! construction. Goth were powered by & Aiarent diasel engine developing “000 hp which wes intograted nto 3 Complete poster pack, that also included the transmission and cooling System. Suepersion wes ofthe torsion bor and spring type. Those protetypos ‘Wore alo armod witha 120 mm smocthbere gun which waa manuelyaded {and had 9 cow of four consicting of commander gunna, loader and diver Inthe end a decision waa made ta base the now third generation MET on the chassieof tho Russian 72 MBI, but incorporating @ number of Chinas subsystems and concepts . 'Undar the Chinave eighth five.yoar plan, the development of this new MET bocame one of the four kay PLA development programmes. Ful ‘development cammanced in 1989. The firs prototype wae compiaied at Plant Number 617 the folewing year, with another four prototypes being completed in 1982. As devoiopment progressed a number of enhancements ‘were incorporated into the design of the vehicle including a higher level of protection over the frontal are. A number of diferent computerised fire- Eontrol systems were tested and ral with prototypes ware undrtacen in Various parts of China under diffrent environmentat conditions. ‘Design work was frozen in 1898 and atthe same time limited production order was placed as part of Projact 9910. The new vehicle made It fst Dubie appearance during the major military parade held In China in (October 1999, “The vehicle was type classified as theType $8 MBT and is also refered to asthe 272.98 MT. Ic is understood that total production of the Type 88 MBT amounted to less than 100 units and could well have been af low as 60 units in eee ‘bcos of 20, ‘Soine sources have indeated thatthe Type 98 MBT has only been felded with one batalion equipped with 40 vehicles, which became operaiena In 2001. TheType 98 development designation is beloved to be the W223, Ie was followed in production by the Type 99 MBT, which has similar Itrapowor ond mobility anpess, butles a ru improved levelof protection vert rontlare-This haa also been refartdto as the Type Sel (Improved), Type O8gel and 272-99. Additional details ore given under Variants Description ‘ThoType 98 MBT isthe most advanced MBT to havo entored series with the PUA and when compared to earlier Chinose MOTs hes signfcant improvements inthe kay areas of ermour, maby ond firepower ‘Tho chasci of the Type 98 is very similar in appearance to that of the Fuscian 772 MBTs with the divers compartment at the trot, Sighting compartment and turret the centre and power pac at the reer.‘un but with roofmounted laser detector and associated laser dazzlo ‘ovice covered up ses “ThehulloftheType 90s longer then the RussionT72 and sof ell wood steel stmour that also incorporates compositas and corarics over the frontal are to provide a higher level of batlefield survvebilty. A dozer blade i eared retracted under the ont of the Type 98. This can be used to prepare fre positions as wall as cloaing battled obstacle, ‘The driver fs seated at the front ofthe hull in the canto and has an adjustable seat that is suspended fom the roof and a single piece hatch aver that its and swings tothe right. “To his immediate front are three»! periscopes and the cantra one can be replaced by a passive periscope for diving st night The later is understood to be of the image intensifeation type and has an effective rango of 200 m. There are compact diosal fuel tanks to tho loft and right ofthe ‘As proviously stated, the turet b in the cantre of the hull with the commander baing seated on the right and the gunner an the lef. The ‘srmour package on the front either de of the 126 mm smocthbore gun is ‘fan edvancad modulr design This allows the armour to be rapicly changed if tis hit. n alton, now armour packages can ba installed 2 the threst evolves oF as new armour technology bocomes available 'A bank of Type 4 slectrieslly opersted 76 mm smoke grenads launchers is mounted ether side of the turret and tothe rear ofthese is 8 stowage age. The launchers can fre various ypes of grenade, including smoke anc obscuring types The tank commander has a singlepiece até tht opens ta the rear and ‘ive observation periscopes. To the imvneciato Iront of the commender's position is a stabilised 360° dayinight panoramic sight that also includes 5 laser range-fader “Te tank commander algo operates the root mounted 12.7 mm QJCType ‘86 machine gun This can be elevated from —4 1 175" an has a rate offre {180 to 100 edi, The 12.7 mm machine gun can also be installed on two other points on the turret oof “The gunner has a single-piece hatch cover that opens tothe front aad is provided with & rooFmounted stabilsod day/night sight that also includes laser range-tndar. “The later feeds information to the computer enabling the 125 mm weapon to be rapidly laid onto tha target while the Type 98 is stationary or moving, ‘The computer ao takes in inputs fom other sonsors such as trunnion sit ensor,turet horizontal angular valosty sensor and erosswind sensor. “The gunne’s stabilized night sight le of the thermal type and hae two magnifications, »6 and 11.4 Main armament comprises © 126 mm smoothbore gun which ie fitod with a thermal sleove and fumo extSctor. The barel is chrome plated for 1412 m of its langth to ineroase is baral fe. The 125 mm smoothbare gun ‘understood ta have tho industrial designation of the 2°793, “The browch mechanism similar to tat installed on the Russian 125 mm 2AtGMET tank gun and is ofthe horkontal wedge typ. Maximum recall ot ‘the 126 mm bara is quoted as $0 mm “Types of aaparate londied 125 mm ammunition fied by the Type 98 include APFSDS-T and HE fragmentation. A total of 42 rounds are cated Of which 22 are in the carousel of the automatic loader. The APFSOS-T projectile has # muzzle veloty of 1,740 mi, which will penetrate 700 mm bf conventional steel armour. A depeted uranim penetrator has aso been ‘eveloped. Tess baen confirmed that the Type 98 MBT can fire a laser-quided rmisie from ts 125 mav60 calibre smoothtore gun. This is understood to be idanticl to the Russian KBP insrument Design Bureau 9K1'8 Rotledks INATOATH ‘Sniper mlasla that hes a maximum range of 6,000 All the ‘gunner nas o dois to Keep the sight hairs onthe target to ensure ait. “The ssl sited with Highs Explosive Ant Tenk (HEAT) warhead that is claimed to penetrate up to 700 mm of conventional steal armour. More recently an improved tondem HEAT warhead has been developed by Russia {Gielen MDT fited with enplosivereadtiva armour. Atta f four mille fre normally carte. ‘The ability to fire a 128 mm laserguided projectile enables targets to be engaged beyond the range ofthe 123 mm smoothbors gun, whieh is fod by fan eutomatic loader located below fhe ture. ‘This fet loads the 125 mm projactle and thon the semi-combusible charge. Once the weapon hos free the stub e jected through © ‘doorin the rer ofthe turret that opans tothe left. “The loece is ientical to that neil inthe Russian 72 series MBT anc is claimed to give a rate of fie of upto 8 rdsmin, Using menuat loading, rate of fips botwoon 1 and 2 réerin, Jaajanes.com China/MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS 5) [Mounted oth right of hapa 98 MET 2762 mmType 86 machine gun for ‘which atta of 2,000 rounds of ammunition are cared in bes of 20 eaunes. ‘The powel pack includes 2 15OHBEESH diesel engine develoring 1.200 hn, coupled to. manial transmission that comprises the transmission ‘380, lo side gearboxes and a coaxial side transmission. The transmission has seven forward gears and one reverse ‘Suspension Is ofthe torsion bar type with ether side having sx rubber tyred road wheels witha diameter of 730 mm, drive sprocket a the rea, fer athe front and four wack-retur roller. “The fist, second and sixth road whesis are provided wih special Inydrauleshockcabsorters, During combat the upper part ofthe suspension iS covered by special armoured skits. In adit to having an advanced srmour package, other suvvabiity features of the Type $8 MET include a JD:3 infra-red jammer and e laser ddazzer device “The ifteted jammer is similar tothe Russion Shtorg system and hos been designed Yo jom Ant-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGM) such 38 the ‘wth the turret boing traveraad to tha area of gestost threat An ective ‘letence system ie also provided. Finally, mounted on the turat foot is the polotype laser detector tnd pedestal mounted laser jamming device. The ty operated by the commander or gunner and can neutralise hestie optics, = making the threat veiel blind The lasar jamming device is understood t have the Industri! designation of the 2-87 Standard equipment for the Type 98 includes an NBC system, fio detection end suppression ystem, global positioning system and snorkel for doop fording, “Two additional clase fual tanks can be fited atthe rear to insresse the ‘perctional range ofthe vehicle Specifications Type 98 MBT Crew: ‘Combat weight £0,000 ko" Powworto-welght rato: 24 pt ‘Ground pressure 0.3 kg/cm" Luength (turret forwards): 10.92 rm ‘with 3.372 Hela: (overat) 2.805 m (wurst roof) 2.4m Fring height: avail (Ground clearance: 0.47 m. Tracke wave Track width: av Length of track on ground: 6.18 ‘Max speed: 65 krvn"= ‘Acceleration (0 to 32 km/h: 128 Max enge: {normal fe! tanks) 500 km | (with long-range fual tank) 850 km Fasl eapaity: 1,000 litres (estimate) Fording (without preparation) 14m (with preparation) 5m Gradiont 69% Side slope: 40% Vortiealabstacl Wench: 3m Engine: Model W0396 V8 turbocharged diesel developing 1,200 ‘Vansmission: manual Brakes: niall Suspansion: orsion bar Eetrical system: 24V eateries: aval Armament [raaln) 1125 mm smmootnbore gun (cossiel) 1762 mm MG (anttateran) 1 12.7 mm MG ‘Smoke grenade launchers: 26 ‘Ammunition: (main) 42 (22 for ready use) {coaxsl| 2000 (antiairera) 300 {smoke grenade} 20 ‘Gun control equipment Furet power eontrt: powered/manal {by commander yor by gunner yes Aurret traverse: 260° Gun elevation depression: +1416 Gun stabiiver. 2-28 NBC eystom: yor Night vision equipment: yo ome souroes have quoted a woight of 48,000 kg *+¥ same sources have quotad a maximum speed of 75 kmh Jane's Armour and Artillery 2008-20086 MBTsAND MEDIUMTANKS/China ‘The survivbilty of theType98 can be further enhanced bythe installation of explosive reactive armoir over te frontal arc. Ching has also developed dloplted uranium armour that eoul also be Incorporated inte the desi. Variants, ‘ype 99 MET {Ae stated in Development, production of theType 38 MBT is complete and itnas been replaced in production ty tne Type 98 NBT, which has oiso been Felerred to as tho Type S9ga! or ZTZ89. “The Type 99 MET features treet front of an arrowshead design similar to tha of the latest German Krauss Maffei Wegmann Loopard 2A6 and 2AB IMBTs. this provides a significant increase in protection against attack from ‘8 variety of ant-atmour projectiles. Tt has alse boon confirmed thatthe Type 98 snd Type 99 MBTs have thermal sigs for the commande: ond gunner to enable targets to be ‘etocte, dented and engaged st much longer ranges “Tho commander's raotmounted stabifead dayinight sights enables hunter target engagements tobe cartied out The targets fist cated {nd tracked by the commander ane then engagod by the gunner. ‘Some sources have indicated thet thoType 98 MBT has a combat weight ‘of 52 tonnes end is powered by a L600 hp diesel, which gives a maximum toad speed of 80 krvh. Status Procuction. In service with the Peoale Liberation Army. Contract China North Industries Corp. (NORINCO). NORINCO Type 90-II MBT (MBT 2000) Development ‘The existence of the NORINCO (Chine Non Industries Corporation Type 99 [Mit was rst revealed in late 1991 and, compared to earlier Chinese MTs, {thos significant improvements nthe ee key areas of MBT design ‘emour mobility and firepower Under a coniract signed in Way 990, theType 801i being manufactured under tcence in Pakistan and further development has reculld in the Khalid MT which is tallored to meet the spocifie operational requirements ‘ofthe Pakistani Armoured Corps. Lote in 1889, it was revosted that China, Pakistan and the Ukraine were working together on MBTe and available datlls are given in the entry on {the MBT2000 under Pakistan. In many respects tho NORINCD Type 90: Ie similar to the NORINCO ‘Type 8s If though the former is heavier with improved protection ands powered by 21.200 hp diego! engne ‘Early in 1987 dkltonal infarmitign on the ype 9011 MBT was released bby NORINCO and ot tho same time it was roveated that I was now being lfcred fitted with explosive restive armour to its hull and turret for improved batlaield survivability. ‘By early 2006 itis bollved that volume production ofthe Type 90s MET hd yot to commence. Ieis understood that this vehicle Is forthe export rmarNet end not forthe Peoples Liseration Army. Description ‘The overall layout of the Type SCIK MBT Is conventional with the driver's Compartment ot the fron, Hghtig compartment inthe centre and power pack at tho rear. "The Hull fe of séeldad stool construction with an additional leyes of composite armour atthe font. Explosive reactive armour hes been added te the glace plate ond nose ofthe vehicle. NORINCO Type 90:1) MBT without explosive reactive armour fitted over frontal re ome Jane's Armour and Astillery 2006-2008, ‘uns around the twret rear ese | the drivers seated inthe centre and has a single-piece hath cover that hits end swings 1 the right and in front of this are thres dey periscopes, the conte one of which can be replaced by a passive periscops for driving atnight ‘The turret i inthe contre and i of all-welded stool armour construction to which # layer of composite armour has boen edded over the frontal are In addition tothe turret front, packs of explosive reactive armour have also ‘been ade tothe sides and forward ooh “Te cornnander is seated on the right and tho gunners seated on th with both provided wit single-pice roof hath | Main ermament consists of 8 chrome-plated 125 mm smosthbore gun fited with a thermal aloave and fume extractor. tis fd by an automatic fooder which holds 2 total of 22 projectile and charges that can be loaded itt rote of sx to eight por minute. The automatic loader Is based on the fone insalld inthe Russian 772 MBT. Ae the 128 mm smooth bore gun fas fired it returns to an angle of 4" 15’ for loading and then ratums tothe firing position, The 125 mm smoothbore gus stated to havea life of 500 “Wyoes of separate loading ammunition that can be fired by the 128 mim smaothbore gun include APFSDS (muzzle velocity 1760 mis) MEAT (mueale Welocty 850 mis) and HE-FRAG (muzzie velocity 960 ms), According to NORINCO, the APESOS-T projectle will penetrate 460 mm of onventional bheel armour at range of2,000 m, A ota of 9 projectiles ere zrted inthe ovina rato of four APESDS-T, thee HEAT and three HE-FRAG, NORINCO hes developed #128 mim laserquided project that is similar to Russian ‘isles of his typo ‘Mounted coanal tothe right ofthe maa armaments 3782 mm machine ‘un, wile mounted on the commander's cupolais# 12.7 mmW:85 machine ‘dun, for engoding ground and aerial targets “The 752 nm coaxial machine gua has @ eycic rte of fire of 700 to €00 rgimin with a practical rate of re of 250 dali, Effective ronge is quoted ‘981,000 “Ihe 12.7 mm W95 mecine gun has 9 eyti ato of roof 650 to 700 rds! nin with 6 practical rate of fio of 80 to 100 réeimin. Traverse i 260" with ‘levation from -4.5 to +70"-EMfective range is quoted ss 1,600. ‘The commande ls provided with 8 two-axi etbilsed panoramic sight bile the gunner has &two-axi stabilised fed root mounted sight [Recording to NORINCO, the gunna's sight hes @ magnification of x3 (20° field of view) and 10 (6 fled of vi}. The tank commanders sight has 8 Imageifcaion of x6 (10 fil of vow). Both sights also have an integrated Iaacr range finder and an automatic target tackar is now installed “The Image Stsbllsed Fire-Contol System ('SFCS) includes a thermal imager module, lasor rangefinder integrated toto the gunner’ sight, {onttel panel, balitie compitor anda root mounted sonsor tr crosswind, | titan angular velocity “This, together with the stabilised 125 mm gun and “oot-mounted “stabilised sights, enables tho Type 80-1 to engage stationary and moving targets while itis stationary or moving, required, thotark commander can tate ovor and lay and fire the 125 mm main armament ‘According to NORINCO, Type 90:1 has a 71 per cent hit probability on a moving targot whl tha vehicle isl is moving. Teget sngegement time, tionary to stationary target i quoted as 7 seconds, while onthe move 10 second. ‘Mounted sither side of the turret is 2 bank of six electisally operated smoke gronade launchers which fe forwards and to the rear of this is & large stowage basket When not required, the snorkel is normaly ceried in this stowage basket. “The power pack consist of the engine, transmission and coating aystem and ean be removed as 8 complate unin 30 minutes. The British 11200 hp coupled toa French SESM ESM 500 automate te “The V2 desel engine i sinlar to that installed inthe now BAE Systems Land Systems Challenger 2 MBT (used by Oman and the UK) and the ‘Challenger 1 lused by Jordan under the local name of Al Hussein while the ESM 500 tensiission i installed Inthe French Glat Indutries Lecter MET used by the French Aten. ‘Suspension fs of te torsion bar type with hydraulic shock absorbers and ether side consists of six large dual rubber tyrod road wheels with the die sprocket at the front, ier st the roar and trackretuin rollers ‘Shock absorbers are provided at the frst, socond, and sith road wheel laa.janes.com| Specifications Type 90:1 MET Crew: 3 ‘Combat weight: 47,000 ka Powoeto-weight rato: 23.69 hpit Length: Uinain armament forwards): 8.865 m (main armament rear: 9.687 m at (without sins 3.40 m (with skits) 380m Height (turet rofl 2:37 m Fring height: avail {Ground clearance: 0.45 10.051 m ace 279m ¢ ‘Track width naval LLenath of track on ground: 4:12 m ‘Max speed: 63 kmh ‘Acceleration (010 42 krvhl 12 ‘Mex range: 500 kn Forain {without preparation: 140 m (wth preparation} 5m Gradient: 00" Side slope: 40% Vertical obstacle: 0.85. Trench: 27m ( Engine: Model 70-2 Goylinder turbocharged multfue eine developing 1,200 pat 2.600 rom re “Tansmission: two planctay fia) dive, 7 forward gears and «reverse Brakes: e/avlt Suspension: torsion ber Electrical system: nav Bertories: naval Armament {main 1% 125 mm smooth bore gun (coos: 1762 mm MG (antiireraf): 13127 mim MG ‘Smoke grenade dlgchargore: 20, cin ala lay smoke soreen by injecting Aiea into the exhaust outeta at ther Ammunition: (emeini 33 (cosa): 4,000 (antisirerat): 750 /Gun control equipment Turret power eontrok powersdimansal (by commander): yes (by gunner: yes ume traverse: 360° Gun elevation/ depression: 14-6 [Gun stabser: 2-315 NBC: yes, Night vision equipment: yes The above specifications relate to he most recant model, which Is not fied wit 8 West European power pick a Getaled inthe Description The 87D engine is from the Ukraine stations. The upper part of the suspension is covered by a rubber skit Wwth the forward parton either side being covered by explosive reactive Standard equipment includes 9» ontineutron liner for the crew compartments, collective NEC. system, explosiontire detection and suppression system and infrared refesting paint. It can saa lay # imoke feroon by injocting diesel fuel into thaexhaust cutlets at the rear othe hull Mounted under the nose ofthe Type 30!1 MBT isa slfentrenching dovice ‘ilar to that installed onthe Russian 72 NT. “Te extend the operational range of tho Type 90: MAT, two adeltionsl lol ful drums can be mounted exernally atthe rar. Variants itis understood that a complete tet from one of the prototypes of the NORINCO Type 88 NBT covered in detal In separate entry, wos Installed onto the chassis of one of the prototypes af the Type 90 ceroe [MBTs tor trials purposes. Thisversianof theType 80 Ix aid to have weighed 50 tonnes with some sources also ‘irring to this “Type 6 Improved Version MB Status Prototypes. Not yet in production or servic, Contractor Chinese state factories Enquiries t China North Indusrles Corp. (NORINCO), vuroareo jsajanes.com China/MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS 7 NORINCO Type 85-IIl MBT Development Early in 1885, NORINCO (China Nort industries Corporation) reveled that itwas marketing @ naw version of is Type 88 MBT called Type 5, This is further development of the earlier Type Oil (armed with a 105 mm rifled gun and a crew of four) and the Type 854IM (erred wih & 125 mm smoathbare gun fed by an automatic loader anda crew of tree) ‘The latter hasbeen manufoctured in Pakistan as theType QSAR, which wns {iret observed in March 1993, tia understood that some subsystems of this tank are also wed in the ‘ype 801 jor MEFZ000 aa I I avo referred to) covered in # separ emu. “Tho NORINCO Typo 00:1 MBT wes developed forthe axport market and has not boon taken into service with the People’ Liberation Army. As of ‘erly 2006 the Type 8 had not entored quantity production Deseription ‘The overall avout ofthe Type 8: MBT is ieuslly the same as hot ofthe “Type 85, covered ina separate entry, with the main improvements being summarised a follows ‘installation of a new power pack consiating ofa transversely mountod ‘ype diesel engine developing 1,000 np ‘Tha complete power pack i integratad ard can be removed and replaced in the fel in less than aD minutes +The transmission has been improved and now has hydraulie control and the drivar can select either automati, semi-automatic or manval modoe ‘of operation + The composite armour panels onthe turret and Hull front provide a very high level of protection against hoth kinetic anc chemical energy attack, ‘Tha hull font armour i ed white the turret armour aver the ont ar can be replaced with a diferent armour packoge if equirec + Commander and gunner have roof mounted stabilised (in two planes) dayimage intonsficaion (second-generstion) night sights. andthe ‘computerised frecontrol system allows stationary or moving targets te be engagod with a high fest round hit probability when tevehicle I ‘moving ‘+ Main armament comprises @ 125 mm smoothbore gun fed by an luiomatic loader. This is beloved to bo similar to tat fited 10 t assign '72/F80 MBTs and has allowed the crew to be recuced to thee. Maximum quoted rate of fire is @rdalmin and a total of 42 ‘ounds of separate loading (projectile is loaded first followed bythe charge wth ks Somi combustible ears case) ammunition are carried + Tho 125 mm gun fires toe types af 126 mm ammunition, APFSOS, HEAT and HE-FRAG. The 125 mm gun ean fe at leest two types of 125 mm APESDS-7 ammunition developed by NORINCO, the 1251 and 1251 This ammunition can also be firod by the Russion '72 eeies MOT ‘and the Chinese Type 85-AP MBT. The APFSOS.T projectile has a tungsten alloy penetrstor with voriable density is used asthe core material with the 125 projectile having a nucle velocity of 1,730 mvs, which will penctate 480 mm of rolled homogenous armour (FHA) at 2 range of 2,000 m. The projectile weighs 737 kg and is 2a mon in diameter “The 125: projectile has a muzzle velocity of 1,740 m/s and willpenetrate 1600 mm of RHA sta range of 2,000 m. The projective weighs 744k and ‘Specifications “ype 65 MBT Crow: 3 Combat weight: 42.500 ko Powerto-welght ratio: 25:52 ht Length (gun forward) 10.369 m* (un real 9.508 m* with: 3:42 m Height: 23m Ground elesrance: 480 t2 $20 ma ‘Max road speed: 65 km/h ‘Max range: 600 km (approx) Fording: 6 m Engine: Vsype diesel developing 1,000 hp ‘ansmission: planetary with 7 forwardand 1 everse gears Armament [imal 1 125 mm smooth bors gun (coaxial) 1762 mm MG lentkalrerat) 1312.7 mm MG ‘Smoke grenade dischargers: 2x5 ‘Smoke laying capability yes Arnett Train) 42> 125 mm Turret traverse: 360°, powered/manual Gun stabiliser \vortical) yas thorzonl yes FRange-inding device: yas, lasor NBC system: vos Night vision equipment: yes * Including long-fenge fol tanks at nul rear. Jane's Armour and Anillery 2005-20068 — MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS/China China North industries Comoration Type 85. MET showing 126 mm smoothbore gun fed by an automatic loner ‘oes has a diameter of 26 mm. NORINCO has produced 8 125 mm laser guided projectile similar to Russian weapons oft type, Standard equipment includes @ collective NEC system, firelexplosion ‘etection/suppression system, bank of sx forwerd-firing smoke grenece launchers mounted either side ofthe tune end the ability to lays smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel into the exvaust, The Type B5ill MBT has more recently bean offered fited with Global Positioning System. NORINCO Type 85M MBT. which is armed with a 125 mm smoovibore ‘n 1990, Pakistan ploced a contract with Ukraine for 320 T80UD MBE with first deliveries taking place in early 1297 end final delveres being mada in ote 1999. tis of pote that deliveries from Chine ran down beter the commencement of deliveries of the F8QUD to Pakistan, Recent information has stated that the version o the Type 86 developed to mest the operational requirements ofthe PLA ie dasignated the Type 96, tis believed thot the Type 96 is based on the Type 85 IM armed with the 125 mm smoothbore gun, but also uses some automotive and other components of the Type 85 MOT. This Includes the 7,000 hp dese! To extend the operational range of tType 85: MB, drum-type long- | engine. be ited atthe rear. ronge fet tanks Status Development complete. Ready for production, Contractor Chinese state factories, Enquiries to China Nov induetree Corp. (NORINCO). NORINCO Type 85-II MBT Development Eatly in 1988, NORINCO (China North infuses Corporation) stated that iChad developed two now METS based on the Type 60 MET chasse, the Type 85:1 and thoType 85418. The Type B54 MT only reached the prototype sage These MBs were developud to meet the operational requirements of tho People's Liberation Army (PLA) with firing tials carried out in mi 1988 ‘ll previous Chinese MBTS had a cast sae! turet but the Typo 65 has «welded steel turet with compound srmout for Improved battlefield survivability. In addtion it has an enhanced computerised ire-control system which, when used with the independent stabilised sighting system, allows the gunner to engage meving targets when the tank In The octue illeronce between the Type 85:ll andType BSA has not been isclosed although the later is slghly heavier at 28. tonnes and slighty shorter in fength Moin ermament of the Type 85:l and Tipe 854A isthe seme a5 that of the earlier Type 80,3 105 mm rifled tank gan with he Type BB carrying 46 rounds and the Type 851A carrying 44 rounds of ammunition, ‘Tho origina! Type 80 MBT hasan individeal NBC systam while Types 8, ‘6:1 and 85-18 have acolective systom. TreType 80, 85 and 85 aso have Type 8898 radio systom, |i mid-1991, it was announced thet the Type 8 MBT wes to be co-produced in Pakistan ate in 1992, NORINCO raveatod it wes manufacturing another version ‘ofthe Type 85 called the Type 85-M; this is similr to the earller modsls but is heavier and is armed with @ 126 mm rifled tank gum which is fed by !an automatic loader which foods the projstie and then the charge into the Recent information has indicated that th version of theType 85 selected by Pakistanis designeted the Type 85IAR Thia made its fst eppeorence ‘during 2 parade held i Islamabad in March 1998, According to information released by the UN, China exported the following quanti of Type 8 serie MTs in rent yours to Pesta: Year Quantity Comment 1989 x 1394 2 1995 st plus 2088 196, 3 1397 iit 1998 nit 1309 " 2000 nil Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006 |i PLA sorvice the Type 96 is also referred to as the 272-886 and thi iso thas a modifiod commandor’ cupola with a 127 mm mathine gun Mout Instad of pintle-mounted 12.7 mm as insaled on the Type OS. PLA MBS are normally armed with a Type W-85 12.7 mm ait defence Tho latest version is the Type 96A or ZTZ88D. No firm details ere svallable although it could be fited with thermal sight and improved Brmouras fit te the Type 85 Description ‘The layout of ve Type 8B:IM MBT ie conventional with the dhiver's ‘compartment atthe front, fighting campartment in the eenre and Seas! [power pack st the rear. The basic hull and ture is of wolded stool amnout ‘with on edkitionl layer of composite armout added tothe glace plat and the ture front and sides for improved batted survival. The driver is seated at the ron left and has a single-piec hatch sover ‘and day periscopes for Torwerd observation, one of which ean be retlaced bya pessive periscope for iving at nigh ‘The gunners seated on the left of the turret withthe commander en the Fight. The gunner has single-igee hatch cover, whic opens forwards thas a circular opening forthe installation of @ snorkel for deep fending ‘28 well as an observation periscope. The gunners sight Is mounted fhe tra eof forwards ofthe hatch cover The commander has @ cupola end » periscope that can be traversed 6 full 380° Mountod on the tute roof isa 12.7 mm sntaireraft machine gun which ean bo used by the commander or gunner. This weapon is beleved to be the Chinoso NORINCO 127 mm tank antcsicraft machine gun Tye 58 “hich has been mado under icanes by Peistan Ordnance Factories, Main armarment ofthe Type 85'l comprises 8 128 mm smoothbore gun which is fited witha fume extractor end thormal slave. This fs fed by @n automatic loader which has enabled the trew to be reduced to thse ses three types of separate loading (projectile and charge) ammunition, [APESDS, HE and HEAT. The 125 mm gun can fire st least Swo types of 125 mm APFSDS-T ‘ammunition developed by NORINCO, the 125 'and 126. This trxmunition an also be fre by the Russian72 sores MBs The APFSDS-T projectlo has a tungsten alloy penetiator with vavable density is used asthe core material withthe 1261 projectile having 6 mize velocity of 1,730 mis which will penatate 460 mm of conventional oiled "NORINCO Type 85:IAP MBT of the Peistan Army showing root-mounted 12.7 mm ant-aieratt mechine gun ‘onese2 jaajanes.comHomogeneous Armour (RHA) at 2 range af 2,000 m, The projactile weighs 177 kg withthe penetator having a demeter of 28 mn, The 125 projectita has a muzzle vdoety of 3,740 mis and wil panetrate 00mm of HA ata range of 2,000 m.The prjectile weighs 744 ky end has diameter of 26 mm, ‘Acsording to NORINCO, this round ean also be tied from the 125 mm smoothbore gun installed in the Russian T72 MBT. Wath & modified fre ontrel system ican sso fre a laseeguided projsctie ‘8 262 mim machine quo fs mounted coaxlaly with the mala armament tnd a bank of six electrically oparsted smoke grenade ciachargars ls ‘mounted either ska of the tunel In adltion the vehicle can lay its own smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel no the exhaust. ‘The image Stabilisad Fire-Contzol Sretem (ISFCS) includes a laser range- finder intersted into the stabilised gunner’ sight, contol panels, ballistic computor and sensors which give high frst round hit probabiity against bth stationary and mving targets while the Type 85-IM is stationary of moving Secord-geeratin nage insifcatin night vison equipment Is ‘Tho suporcharged V.12 diesel engine develops 720 hp and fs coupted to ® transmission of an undisclosed type itis possible thatthe power pac is the same as that installed in the Type 80 MI. The earlier NORINCO Types 58, 68 and 79 MBs havo their axhaust outlets located onthe lft side ofthe hull just sbove the lac roadivhool station ee on the Fussion 54,788 and “¥62 MBTs.The hull of theType 86-IM 9 now design and daes rot eppeor tobe based on theType 80 MOT. The suspension ether side eonsiets of six dual ubbectyred rosdhhecls| with torsion bars, hydraulic shock absorbers, on idler atthe front dive hcadkot atthe rear and track-tetura rlors.Tho uppor pao the suepension Is covered by a shia The stoel tracks have vaplaceable rubber pod, ‘Standard equipment includes aTypo 8898 radio system, NBC system and fire and explosion detectionisupprasclan syst Variants ‘ype 88¢ MBT vis understood that the People’s Liberation Army designtion for the Type {511M MBT fs the Type BEC and was fst seen lato i 1899. Thie weighs 415 tonnes eral nas an averal length of 10.85 m tute traversed to the ‘tom, with of 33 m and @ height of2.3 m. Khas a ere of three and ie ‘rmed with 2105 mn led tank gun jhough some sources have claimed ‘tia be a 125 mm smoothbore gun} fed by an sutomatic loader. Tha SECS. 212 computerised fre-contol system i te. SomeType 82¢ MBTs have been obsorvad ited with laser jammer typ device on the lot side ofthe turret rook. This is operated by remote control from withia the ture. eis possible that theve are variants of the Type 86 series chassis under evelopment, including an armoured acovery vehicle. Type 85 AP MBT ‘This isthe version of the Type 86:1 MBT builtin Pakistan, Specifications ype 854M MET Creve 3 ‘Comber weight: £1,000 kg Poworto-welght ratio: 18. hot Length: {gun forward 10.28 (hl 6.325 m wath: . {over shits) 3.45 m Hog (iuret top) 230m Ground clearance: 480 mm Max road speed: 5725 kn Vertical obstacle: 0.8 m (Gradient: 60% Suspension: torsion bar Engine: Model VA-36V-12 supercharged diese! developing 730 hn. Armament: [imala) 1% 125mm smooth bore gun (coaval! 17262 mm MG. (ania Ammunition: {main} 40128 mm {easvih 2.000 4762 rom {ant-strerat) 600% 12.7 mm. Gun elevation! depression’ 14-4 Tune troverse: 360 powored/menual Gun sabi (verte) yes (horizontal) yos Range-finding devie: yo, 300° NBC aysterm: os Night vision equipment: yes Jaajanes.com China/MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS — 9 ‘Type 85.1 MBT Detale ofthis vorcion that features a 126 mm smooth bore gun le by an automatic loeder are givon ina separate entry, Other variants Toso are undrstood to include 2 multipurpose mineclearing tank and a firefighting vehicle The fatter has its turret removed ands fit with 3 “superstructure with 2 remote contollad fie hydrant onthe root, Mounted at he font ofthe fuls2 fll wide hydraulically operated dozer blade. 105 mm and 125 mm laser-guided projectiles NORINCO has developed 105 mm and 126 mm laser guided projectiles with {tandem HEAT warhead that ae similar to Russian designe, Status Production probably compete in China. In service with chine 00 estimate Pakistan 300+ bstimate Contractor Chinese state factories, Enquiries to China North Industries Corp. (NORINCO), urosreo NORINCO Type 80 MBT Development NORINCO (China North Industiies Corporation) startad concept studies for 9 second generation MBT in 1978 with the first prototypes being completed in 1985. Recont information has indicated thatthe Type 80 MST was developed at Factory No 617. Development was completed in 1988 and itwas designatod tha ype 8D MBT, although f has also been veered to a3 ‘the Type 88 and the Type €8l Mora recently theType 60 hes heen veered toas the 212.80 MET Main improvements to tho Type 9 compared with the earler Type 69 MAT include the instalation of « naw computerised fra-contal system for Increasod fist range hit probabilty, laser range-findor, stabilisation system, 105 mm rifled tank gun, new torsion bar auspention with six ‘oadwheels ether side fr inereasad eras-county mobility, more power tlesel engine for increased powerto.weight ratio, passive night vision ‘equipment and the ait to be fited with 2 snorkel for doop fording Production ofthe Type 80 MBT was completed by NORINCO some time ‘ago. According to United Nations sources, China did not export any Typo {80 MBT series vehicles berwean 1992 and 2000, Chinese sources nave stated thatthe development and pracucton ofthe "ype 80 MET was a major milestone in Chinese tank development Recent information has indicatod that China selected the Type 8 MBT as its “Second Generation” MBT afer development of the W2129 andtype 122 series wae stopped. These developmental vehicles included the Type 1224 powered by a Mercedes-Benz 8V331TC81 diesel and the Type 1226 with an V6 case developing 1,000 hp. Finally there was the Type 1226F2 powered by ® 12V160 diesel engine developing 1,000 hp. {lof hose developmental MTs had a wolded stl armour urs armed ‘with 2120 mm smoothbore gua that was manually lode ‘Tho first production model of the Type 80 MBT to enter service was the Type 801 also rafertad to 08 the Z7Z-B0, but only a small numberof these ara balioved to have boon bul. Description The hull ofthe Type 80 MBT sof all: wolded stool construction ané has ‘rivers compartment atthe font, the fighting compartment inthe centre and tho engine and transmission at the rer, ‘The driver sis at tho front of the hull on the loft side and has a single ieee hatch cover that its and swings tthe laf. In front ofthis are two day patiscopes, ono of which can be replaced by an infra-red or passive periscope for driving at night. ‘Mounted on the well-sloped glacis plate is »eplashboard ta stop wotor tushing up and inta the eriver's compartment whe the tank is forcing, ‘To further improve the Type 808 protection & panel of composite armour can be added a tha fron. “The cas-srmourturtet sin the conte ofthe vehicle withthe eoermander fon the left the guaner forward and below the commander and ths loader fn the right. Composite ainnou ca aa be del totne turer fo proved ‘Tha commander has a cupola which can be traversed manually through «full 360" and a single fornard-opening hatch cover with two integral periscopes for observation to the sides. Forward of this hatch cover © further three day perlscopes for observation over the rortalare-Ths loader has eercular hot cover that opens to the lel. ‘Mein armament comprises ® stabilised 108 mm Type 83 rifled gun ‘which fies Western- or Chinese-prodiced ammunition. This has towered levation from ~8.5 to + 1° wih the turret having powered iaverse through 2607. The 108 mm rifled tank gun, whichis similar in appearence 10 the Jan ‘Armour and Avillery 20¢5-200610 MBTs AND MEDIUIMTANKSIChina : ‘To extend the operational ange of the tank two lage drum fel tanks can be mounted at the fear, these can be jetsoned If requied. As undiching eam js normally eared at the rear of the hull under the lam-range fuel tanks ~ “Tho torsion bar suspension is now with either side having sixduel rubber tyied rosdwheels drive sprocket atthe rear idler atthe from and three ‘Wack rum rollorThe fist, second ith and sist roadwhee! tations hove hydraulic shockabsorbers. ‘The upper pat of the track i covered either side by stirs with a wavy loner edge which ate hinged up to allow access to the suspension for smaintonance ‘Standard equipment includes an overpressure NBC system, night vision ‘equipment forthe commander, gunner and driver and provision to install Morte in the root forward ofthe loade’s hatch; this allows the tank to Submergetoa dept of Sm and cross vrs upto 600 m wid. An uneitching beam carried at the rear ofthe hull under tho fong range fuel tanks. ‘Communications equipment. installed includes 2 YRCS3 radio and L__ EE \iess unervom aysternTe furthor inerease the tants svivbility on the \TORINGO Type BOANMAT which farmed with» 105 mm rifled gun ited | bavi, an automatic explosion cuppression and {ee extnulshing witha fume extractor anda lightalloy thermal sleeve oniea | systam is ited. Western L7M66, is ited with 9 fume extractor and a thermal sieeve. The | Variants 108 mm gun fires the folowing NORINCO-doveloped rounds: APFSDS-T Tree vet, SASS mi, HEATT (1,173 mis), HESH (7315 os) and | Type 80-l MBT oar vas China hos leo davaloped 108 mim APFSDS-T rounds with a | This is vitally identical to the basic Type 80 MBT except that it has. 8 depleted uranium penotrator. ‘Combat weight of 385 tonnes and a powerto-waight ratio 2f 18.90 hp. plete an ef mm APFSDS-T rounds have been developed | Specifications ere identical apart from the overall length af 8.336 m. The Eee eee sth te Tyye 80 series MBT and otter MBTs armad | Type 804i has a Type VRC-SS raclo. Kt may also have a semtauiomatic ‘ith 2105 mn rifled tank gun. tranamision in place of the standard manual transmission era both the Hee ie ec counds are designated the Type 1054 an 105: | Type 80 and the Type 80-1 can be fited wih different fre-corro system a nO edge chs and have's clspersion at range of | consisting ofa projecting sight. laser rangefinder, ballistic computer ond & {1000 m of fos than 0. mils horcontal by 0.3 mis vertical ‘ldrootionel stabiliser, This version was also fted withthe “Boom Shield” Tre Type 1064 APFSUS-T has a muzele velocity of 1.456 mis and will ponetrate 150 mm of RHA at an angle of 60" ata range of 2,000 m.This is Sua to 200 mem of RHA ato Specifications NORINCO 105 mm tank-launched laser-guided projectiles Type 80 MET NORINCO ls now marketing 105 mm laserguided projectiles that can be | | Crow: 4 sores ram os mam tank gure fled with the eorectaghting and fie- | | Combat weight 38,000 ka eaacree an Fhs mise sytem is believed to be based on Russian | | Powerso-welght rato: 12:2 hpt (with 790 hp dasa! engine) technology. Ground pressure: 0:85 kalem" ‘A the gunner has to dois keep the daynight sight ocked onto the target | | Lenath: to ensure a hit, The loser receivers on tha missle tail receive encoded | | (gun forward) 928 m Tajectory signals, which are processed to alter tho position ofthe contrat | | (gun rear) 8641 m fins end thereby guide te miss to its target {hull 6.325 m "Fe missile ited with @ tandem HEAT wathoad, wich wil defeat | | Width targets fited with explosive reacve armour. {over tracks) 3.358 m (over stins} 3372 m Missile specifications Height: Calibre: 105 mm (tarot roof 2.280 m ‘Max range: 5,000 m {including 127 mm AA MG} 2.874 m Penetration: 650 mm of RHA prtocted by ERA {fring) 1784 im = 1798 m Length of complete miele: 1149 mm Ground clearance: 0.43 m Teck: 2.7 ‘The Type 105: APFSOS-T has # muzzle velocity of 1590 mis and wil | | ack width: 680,mm JaeettSts1B6 men oF RHA at an angle of 71" ata range of 2.00 m. This is | | Length of ack on ground: 4064 m Sava to 460 mmm of RHA at 0% Max road epeed: 6 keh we }62 nm machine gun is mounted coaxially with the 195 mm gun and | | Max rang thee e 127 mim machine gunmen the loader's hatch for anivaterat use. | | (normal intarnal fast tanks) 430 km Smet ether side of the tunel are four forward-ring electrical | | (withextemal fuel tanks) 600 km opateted smoke grenede dischiigers. A stowage basket runs around the | | Fuel espactty: ce ad Toor ofthe ture The stowage basket provides some protection | | {Intemal fue tanks) 1,000 tres Bese a MEAT projectiles as there would be detoneted away from tho main | | _Cextarnal fue tanks) 2x 200 ites frmour of the ture Vertical obstacle: 0.8 ~ ‘Too ro-contol system inclides ballistic computer, 2 laser range: | | Tench: 2:7 m finder Inegrated into 8 sabilied sight, sensors and @ gun stabilisation | | Ferding: 141m Stern Night wision equipment fited Is ofthe second-goneration image | | Fording with snore: 5 m ‘Mensifeation type. The fire-contral system of the Type BO isthe TSFCS-C | | Gradient: 60% rrssCnjostion system that Includes lserrange-finderTLR2, gunners sight | | Side slope: 40% eae eee pitts simall CRT sereen snd spot injection unt, croseswind | | Engine: VR36|modiied12150L7BW) desel developing 720 2t2,000rem crete anglesenore to axis stabilisation systern forthe main armament | | leery versions had 700 hp engine) and a micro-compate. Suspension: torsion bar "fuetype 60 NBT is poweled by a Model VRQG diesel dovaloping 700 np at | | Armament: 2.000 tye but te production eigines develop 739 np at 2.000 rpm. Type 0 | | (main! 1108 mm sled Type 83 gun Hane ee par sxhaust outils on the right side ofthe hull ieee ual can | | (coaxial) 1 «7162 mm ype £9-7 MG be injected 90 that the tank can lay ts own smoke sereen while moving {antalerat] 1 127 mmType 54 MG ‘Smoke grenade dischargers: 24 ‘Aramurition: “main 4 Ieoanal 2.260 | | entaeeraty 500 a a | |laun elevation/deptession: +187-45°, powered'manual at Turet traverse: S60", powered/manual Gun stabiliser: ‘vertical ves (horizontal) yes Fange-finding device: yes loser es NBC system: yes Provsional drawing of NORINCO Type a0. MBT complate with | | Night vision equipment: yo fong-range uel tanks and unditching beam at ear Vasco Batbic) 050581 one's Armour and Artillery 2008-2008 jaa janes.con‘armour array around the turrt to prevde inereased protection agsinet bigh-oxplosive antitank (HEAT) projects. ther impravemante included a modfied gunnor’s sight wth integrated laser rangefinder and improved NBC protection. Recent information has Ineatad thatthe Type 801i never entered quantity production, ‘ype 80.4 MBT ‘Thisis understoodtohave been developmen! vehiclearmedwitha 125mm smaothbore un fed by an automatic lamer. twas used in conjunction with the Type 85M MST. ‘Type 88 MBT ‘This is 2 modified version ofthe Type 80 and entered servi withthe PLA 4s the 2128 MBT. Externally hiss sinilo to the Type BO. but has # new lctically operated smoke grenade aischarger systam. ‘The “Boom Shield” armour was not fited bt prevision ws made forthe instalation of toType FY explsive reacive armaur system. Some ZT2-888, Improved 272-888 This is sad to be based on the Type 86 but with the JSFCS-212 image stabllced fee-contol system, meaning there is no optical port on tha lft hand side of the mein armament, whch is typical for the TS47F55 and Chinese Type 68169 and 78 sors MBTs.The vehicle has modified sights 0 allow the atest 105 me arnmunition tobe fired. Its understood that China has purchased the 105 mm version of the Aussion Bastion entvtenk guided mise. This is laser guided with 3 ‘maximum range of 8,000 m-This will bird from upgraded 272-88 series MBTe. More recently some of these vehicle started ta be fted with thermal Sights ‘A small number of 272.88 MBTa aro undorstoad to ba inservice with the PLA ited with a longer barrel 105 mn rifled tank gun that is fited with @ fume extractor anda thermal slave, The wil give an increase in combat range Storm-1 and Storm-ll Those were export versions and alga refered to a8 the Fenghso but velopment was stopped. Status Production complete, No longer marketed. in service with the countries liste in he ala, ‘country Quantity Comment China 300 estimate Myanmar 204 estimate Contractor Chinese state factories Enquiries to China Non Industiles Carp. (NORINCO) NORINCO Type 79 MBT Development Tho NORINCO (China North industries Corporation) Type 79 MBT made brie appearance inthe October 1984 parade n Baling when it was refered to simply a8 a Main Batt Tank Is chasis is siar to theType S8"ype 69 but has the towing ayes under the nese and’ headlamp arangement simile tothe Type 60 MB, “The Type 79 MBT isa further develepment of the Typo 69:1 MET with work being earid out by No 617 Factory. According to Chinese sources, the main improvements of the Type 19 MBT are Inthe reas a frepower, fire contol night sion equipment andcommunicaions equipment As fer ais known, theType 79 MST has not been exported and is no longer being marketed Some sources have slo given the Te 79 MBT the designation ofthe Type il with the industrial designation being the W2120DW2Z1210. Some sources have steted that the total prowuetion of the Type. 79 wes 600 vehicles or lass with one source quoting a figure of just S19 units bu Some reports hove also mentioned an impreved version of the Type 179 called the Type 74 This Ts understood to be fied with a fe-contro father thon mounted externally ver the mein atmament where tis highly ‘ulnerableto small arms fire and hall slntrs “The exteally mounted laser renge-inder over the main armament of the Type 79 MBI; is similar o thot fits above the main armament of the Tipe 59 andType 69 MAT and theType69 light amphibious tank Recent information has indicated tat the Type 79 series MBT finally centered service withthe PLA in 1066, This was not. however, fited with the banks of 78 mm sletialy ‘oporstod smoke grenad launchers mounted either side ofthe ture or the Taser rangefinder mounted externally above the 105 mm gun. China/MBTs AND MEDIUM TANKS n mo Chinese Type 78 MBT with 105 mm gun and smoke grenade dischargers ‘mounted ether side ofthe main armament so0123 Some of the current in-service Type 79 series MBTs have 2 new sighting complex with the laser range finder Integrated Into the gunner’ sight ‘These ar aso fitted with new tracks with rubber pads. "Ris understood that ate production vahices were celled theType 784 and sre powered by a more powerful 730 hp diesel engine. ‘TheType 79: was the export version withthe so-called “Boom Amour” aay of the turret, 76 mm electrically operated smoke grenads launchers and the sight complax ofthe alderType 69 MBT. Ao far as iis known thi vorsion never entered quently production or servien. Deseri The turot ofthe Type 791s of cast armour ens lightly liforent from the “Type 69Type 69 ae thera isa now large rectangular window loeatec ahead of the commander's cupola which could be an internally mounted lor ‘ange finder ‘Mounted sither side of the ture isa bank of four electrically operated | smoke grenade dachargers, which ae very similar to the German Krause | MatteiWeamann 76 mm type and, tothe immediate rear ofthese, ic» metal | stonage hex whichis balleved to house adetional grenades. | “Main armament comprises @ 105 mm Type 83 rifled tank gun, hich i= | provided with @ fume extractor and a thermal sleeve. NORINCO ts now ‘marketing a 105 mm laser guided projectile, Details are given in the entry for theType 80 MBT entry ‘8.782 mm machine gun is mounted coaxially wth the main armament fand a 12.7 rum machine gun is mounted on the laaders cupola for local {and anti-aireraf dence. There ara slight diferences In the ear of he hl, ‘hich indicate a diferent power pack. Chinese sources state that ihe Type 79 MBT welghs 378 tonnes compared with the 38 tonags of the Type 59 MBT and has » maximum oad speed of 50 krvh. Standard equipment includes a simplified fre Conta system and right vision equipment for commender, gunner and ‘iiver “Tho upper part ofthe suspension ofthe Type 79 MET is covered by five removable skins. The tank hos alsa boon observed fitted with new tacks with romovablo rubber pad in place ofthe more usual alse track ited te other older Chinose METS. ‘A stowage basket runs sround the rear half of the turret frem just forward af the smoke grenade Isunchors and iti claimed a provi some protection against HEAT projactlas by detonating ther warheads before ‘Standard equipment an the NORINCO Type 79 MET includes NBC system, lundtching eam and long-range diesel fuel tanks, which are cated the rear, The Type 78 MBT can algo lay its own smoke aoreen by injecting diesel ‘al int the exhaust outiet on the lt sie ofthe hull ‘Thelype 79 MBT is powered by a oifiad 12150L7AW diesel develoning 730 hp. whieh is coupled to 3 manual wansmission, NORINCO Type 79 MBT armed with 105 mm gun and fed with “Boom | Type" armour and smoke grenade launchers Vasco Barbie) 00582 Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-200642 MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS/China Status Status complete. In service with the Chinese Army (about 500). No fonger being marketed. Contractor | Ghineoa state factories Enuires to China North industies Corp, (NORINCO) vost : E | ee “GON MAT with laser renge findar over main armament and ong pe oo tanks at hl ee anc Bal eanes NORINCO Type 69 MBT eee Development | eve INE (Shine North Induetine Corporation) Type 68 MBT rade itt aaa eae cranes during» parade neer Zhanglekou outside Being" September 1982, Pea scod orders with China fr between 100 and 200 type 69+ tanks oes eee og mm gun and fst deivries ofthese ware made i 1263 ar Arabia. Total deliveries of theTYpe 69 MBT tothe Gulf combstants wae fied ot between 1800 and 2.500 over a three-year porlod upto late ae go MBT has tr Indusrial dosignation ofthe WZ121 with the aaa toil having the industrial designation of thoWZ121A. tr Type gg) Thailand placed orders for quantities of Chinese military ec etaing Type 6 MB. Type OB called tho Typa 20 MET Se ltha Army. Recon! information has inciestod that Thalland may aoe re aakon delvery of 52 ofthese vehicles. Pokistan has manufactured {ho NORINCO 105 mmIype €81 MBT under ficenoo Soe canied tut ¢ major upgrade on te Type 69 MBT with the en ee et having a 125 um smoothbore gun fited his is called the ere er and additional detals are given in a separate entry. rar rae been no rocent production of the Type 69 and it fs no longer | "Twin 57 mmType 80 setpropeled anti-aircraft gun system 9018 being marketed by NORINCD. Description paar criiductton Type 68¢ were produced with stabilised rifled and Fre ioore Type 68 guns Eut extensive trials demonstrated thet the filed | seals more soctate and hed greater armour penetetion coracterstics gun as more ase pon, Alor 120 Type G25 had boon but with | thar inpore guns i was dseded to concentrate on the rifled gun which se tined onal subsoquer® production Type 69 series MBT for home and aes ettortets-TheType 691 has the smoothbore gun; theType 62H heethe filed gun end 9 diferent fro-cortro! system. veeiype 691 MBT ie a furtar development of the Type 68. Ht difers rainy tho areas of armament, ie control and night vision equipment The actual layout ofboth vehicles is vrwally identical. ed wth a 00 nm smootbore gun ae atinet | NORINCO Type £91! commend tank which ie fo ie 00 mm rifled gun inetaled in the eerie Type 68 MBT This is 0 vemnly longer then the filed gun and has a bore evacuator near the SY tutte, Types of 100 mm ammunition that ean be fred by the | Shoothbore gun Include anti-personnel, highrexplosive, Nigh expiesive | eee and high-velocity armour piercing dacerding cabot. Ammunition aor yor tio woaponsinsaled inthoType 9 MBT are 44 rounds 100 mm $00. 127 mm and 3,000 782 mm machine gun ee ymiad externally over the main armament, justin front of the turret sete loner rangefinder. This is similar to that fitted to late production ‘ersione of the earlier ype 90 NBT. ‘Night wsion equipment includes an infa-red_ searchlight on. the contenders cupola, an infra-red sight for tho gunner, an infrared saenrpht above and to the immediate right of the 100 mm main armament tnd an infra-red driving ight on each running board, "rocnted externally on the loaders cupola fa 12.7 mmType 4 anti-aircraft | ntchine gun, Mounted ceaxialy wth the main armament i a 7262 mm T¥Pe or maciane gun and thore a similar weapon in the bow of the tank Tee tyra 9 MBT has 2, complete NBC system, semiautomatic fre exinguthing system avd, ke Russian Tseries tanks, can ly @ smoke ean tp dese fae ito the exhaust system on theft side ofthe | (= Tul The vahice i also opted with inrased reflecting pai Type B4AVLE in travelling configuration ne an pete by a Modo! 1216072 12-inder water | coud hese! coupled to @ manual transmission. The engine is @ further {evelopment ofthe Russian V-54 tank diesel engine. Variants ‘Type 6941 MBT Type 69. Mipnment in 1983 of the Type 691 MET by No 617 Factory | nee vemente nelado the instalation ofthe Tank Simplified Fe cot rete wih lsorrange-finde, rubber shielding for tho side skits co er jur nydmute booster forthe steting mechanism end mit dura ie pin uber tracks, NEC system, automatic fre detection and ce eu ayaom, engine lowepressure alm and smoke grenade ere fade of tarot The fret grid rmour which also refered saan ere Shield’ has been designed to detonate projectiles fited with & to aco i bofore they impact the main amour ofthe Type 69 serles MET. SA ene oer cores af a 100 mm riled gun, which i stabilised i agian iarent comms ‘Tis free Cuinese-devloped HEAT, HE,APHE | TYpe 659 amured recover vec ofthe kaqi Army captured it fand APFSDS amenuniton. (Christopher F Foss) Jane's Armour and Artery 2005-2008 jajarss eee ee | Chinose Type 6041 MET captured in the Midale East and showing loser ‘ange findor over mantlt of 100 mm gun and ited with front mounted imineclearing aystom omess At loaet thvee types of APFSDS ammunition have been developed by NORINCO including one with 2 semi-combustile eartrige ase, The TSFCS consists of throo main cemponents, the TLRVA tank laser rangefinder, 2 1A ballistic computer and the TGS-A tank gunsight. The TLATA moasuros the distance to the target, and this information is sutomatically fed into the ballistic comouter which supplies information to control the automatic range-seting mechanism of the sight snd Simultaneously the gun contol system and sate the 100 mm gun elevation required in order to it the target ‘The laser rangefinder is mounted externally above the 100 mm gun and i vulnerable to shell splinters and smal arms fre, The TSFCS-L which is fn option for the Type 68:1, has the laser range-tinder combined withthe {Tensight ina singla unit mounted inside the tn ‘The gunne's day sight has @ magnifleston of»3.5 (18 eld of view) and 7 (8° fold of view! while the guanors right sight has a magnification of»? (6 fled of view) and a maximum effective range of 800 ‘The commander’ day sight has @ magnification of x8 (12° eld of view) walle the night sight Nas. magnificaton of 6 (8 eld af view) and & ‘maximum effective range of 500 m, The laser rangefinder has a range frory 300 to 3,000 m and can calculate thecorect ming point forthe 262 mmccaxial machine gun and the 100 mm ‘The Type 69 MBT can slzo be fied with the TSFCS-C, which can also be revolted into existing Tsetles tanis of Chinese and Soviet crigin, ‘This system consists of the gunners sight, laser rangefinder, fr-contral computer, control panel and senzore for elavation end azimuth rates and ant, crosswind, air temperature and ammunition charge temperature. ‘The computer calculates targa range, direction and lead engie and slse Interfaces with the weapon stabilieation syst, "The drivers day periscope can be rerlaced by a night periscope with @ range of 60m and 2 30° fil of viow: ‘TheType 69:1 MET hes aType 669 radio and a Model 803 intercom forthe command, gunner, loader driver Thero are wo command versions of tha MET Ths ype 604 Mic command! tanchas on Type 829 radia snd ane “ype 682 radio mhile tho Type 6941 MKC 328 two Type 889 tacos ‘Some Type MTs have been observed fitted with an axtarnal stowage bin on the toret rear and armour prateton forthe antairerat machine (un. Thsi Army Type 60s METs have had theie Chinese 12.7 mm antic Slterat weapons teplaced by US 12.7 mma M2 MG Type 69-18 MBT command This has the industial dasignation of the W21218 and has two radios, \wneroas the standard Type 631 has only one radio, is belived that this has been developed forthe export market. Type 69-11C MBT command This uses two examples of theType 869 radio as ited to the standerdType 68:1 MBT, which normally has just one. Its beloved that this has been develope forthe export market, a wasthe C1 version, a WRIA China/MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS 13 Type 69.116 MBT ‘This isa rebuilt and includes some components of the later Type 7. I ia als fied with the "Boom Shield” armour system on the turret, 38 mm ‘loctrically operated smoke grenade launchers and side ski. The 162 mm bow machine gun has also been removed. This has heen offered on the export marko. rag took delivery of large numbers ofthese vehicles. Twin 37 mm SPAAG This fs essentially the chassis of the Type 63 MBT fited with a power: ‘operated two-man turet and armed with twin 37 mm cannon. As fasts Known this system remains at the prototype stage. ‘Twin 37 mm SPAAG During a defence exhibition held in Bejing late in 1888, another twin 97 mm sellpropelied anti-sircraft gun system was shoven forthe fst ine This version has a turret armed with twin 37 mm eutomatic nt-sircrot {guns ands fited with «surveilence radar onthe turet root athe rea-This evar entored service withthe Peoples Liberation Army. Twin 57 mm Type 80 SPAAG Thies the Chineeo equivalent of the Soviet designed 2SU572 twin $7 mm ‘SPAAG based on a mexifiod 54 tank chases. ThaType 80 ise modified Type 650: MBT chessis fed with an apen-topped turret armed with twin ST mm ‘anon for which a total of 00 rounds ef ammunition is cari, “The Type B0 has ers of six and a combat weight of 21 tonnes. This has the industrial designation of tha W2205 and according to some source isin sorvce with Myanmar (12) and Thailand (5 Type 84 AVLB TheType 84 armoured vehicle launched bridgo is eetontilly Typo 69 MT Uvith it trrot removed, fitted witha bridgerlaunching mechanism similar to that on the German Leopard 1 Biber system, When opened ont, the bridge, whichis launched over the front of tha vehicle, ie 18 m long, can Span gaps of upto 16 m and take wacked and wheeled vehicles weighing lip to 40 tonnes, tis believed that this asthe industal designation at the Typewz621 ‘ype 653 ARV This is based on the chassis ofthe Type 68 MBT and is esigned not only to recover this and other vehicles on the hatttield bt also to undertake ‘major repairs such as changing complete power pacts, clearing obstaries Specifications ype 6341 MET Crow: 4 Combet weight: 36,700 kg Powerto-weight ratio: 15.8 hot (Ground pressure: 0.523 kglcm™ Length: (gun forwara) 8.589. {un roar) 8488 m (hull! 243 wie (over skits) 3.307 m (over hull) 3.27 m Height {to axle af 8 MG) 2807 m (with AA MG at max elevation) 3.909 m ‘ea of fire: 175 Ground clearance: 425 mm Track 264m Track with 580 mm Length of track on ground: 3.845 m Max oad speed: 50 kmh Fuel eapacity: 835 Hires ‘Max oad rango: 420-440 km Vertical obstace: 0.5 m Tench: 2.7m Fording: 1.4m Gradiont: 60% Side slope: 40% Engine: Typo 12150L7BWV-12 desel developing 560 hp at 2000 ram Suspension: torsion bar ‘Armament {main 1100 mmm Type 69 smoothbore gun (coaxial) 1% 782 mmnType SST MG (bow) 1268 mmType 64 MG (anf-aterat) 112.7 mm NG ‘Ammunition: (rnain) 44 (252 mm) 3,000. (127 mm) 800) {Gun clovation depression: 118) 5° Tunet traverse: 360" [NBC systom: yes "Mah vision equipment: yas Jane's Armour and Atilery 2008-200814 MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS/China and preparing fire postions. Slndard equipment includes 3 front-mounted hnydreulelly operated dover blade, hydraulic erane on tho right side of the hull» main winch wih a capacity of 70 tonnes, auxiliary winch, tools, towbars and cables. Th first production version has the industial Ldosignation of the Type WSS and fs knoWn 0 have been based on the ‘chasis ofthe Type 62 MET. This hes winches, spade and a crane wit @ capacity of 10 tonnes. thas also been Bult unde feence in Pakistan as ARVAVESS The W683 was followed in pladuction by the improved WGS8A (or Type \w0534) that features 2 erane witha telescopic jib with & maximum liing ‘capacity 0120 tonnes. The WE3A is actually based on the chassis ofthe Type 604 MBT and is referred to a8 theType 84 ARV. In adution to being Used bythe PLAT 653 series ARVs have azo been exported o.4 number of countries including Bangladesh, raq, Kuwait (to Support the 158 mm PLAS se-propeliedatilery systom) and Thalans ‘Type 84 armoured mineclearing vehicle “TMi caries rocket propollad mineclearing equipment on the rear deck ‘There is an unidentifed mineswaeping version based on theType 89 series MOT chassis, Status Production complete, No lorger marketed In service with the countries Iietodin the table. country Quantity Comment Bangiadech 80 Inches Type 59 china 200 provisional gure Iran 200 estimate Myanmar wo Type 6a Pakistan 250 00 Pakistan (some being upgraded) ‘Thailane Fs festimate, Boved tobe now in store Zimbabwe 10 Contractor Chinese state factories. naires to China North Industries Corp. (NORINCO). NORINCO Type 59 MBT DevelopmentDescription Inthe cori 860e Rusti suppled China with aquantty of 54 MBTs, production tt which wae subsequently undertaken in China by NORINCO (China North Trdusties Corporation| und the designation Type 68. The frst production models were complotad i 1988 and ao similar tothe early production Russian "Tot and not ited with inraed right ison equipment oF a stabs for the {00 mm main srmement. Laer models wore fed with a furne extractor as ‘onthe EAA, Late production ype $93 were fied with an infra-ted searht for both the commander and gunner and a larger Infra-red search was mounted above the 100 mm main armament and moves in elevation wisi. ‘Some Type 59 vehicles have een seen fad with laser rangefinder tothe right ofthe infrared searchligt mounted over the main 100 mm armament ‘Some yoars ago Brsh cempary MEL (which as since been taken over supplied China with 30 setsof passive night vision equipment forthe Type BOIMBT Those include tha commander's image-intensified periscope Type De 102600, the gunner’ imagesintansified petscope Type DC 1024/00 and ‘he drive's image-intensifad periscope Type DC 102800. “ihe Chinase have deveoped and placed in production © 100 mm [APFSDS-T projectile for the Type 59 MBT. Ths is designated the APIOO-2 fand has a long red peneltaor end a semi-combustibe cartridge ca Found has a saddle-lype sebot and eight fins All that remains aftr fring is the stub case which iz ejected when the breech opens. NORINCO hes also Uoveloped 2 100 nim APFSDS-T round with 8 convertional brass cartridge case. This has a zee velecty of 1,480 m/s and will penetrate 160 mm of ‘Cnwentionel steel armour et an angle of 85" ate rango of 2,400 m, Type 89:1 MBT fitted with side skits and showing laser range-finder over 100mm gu ‘os00804 Jane's Armour and Artilisry 2005-2000 The | Type 58 MAT with 105 mm riled tank gun Wasco Barbe) Frocuction ofthe Type 69 MET was undertaken atthe Baotou foiiy | Inner Mongolia, This is also reterced to 25 Facity 617 Its estimated the | production completed in 1980. The industrial designation of the Type § IMBT Is now known to be the WZ120, ‘Some PLAType 88 MBTs have been observed fied with @ bank of fos smoke urenade dischargers onthe side of the turret “Thee 59 series was followed bythe vary similarType.68. Production ¢ both vehicles was completed many yaars ago and neitnay is now markete by NORINCO. Variants Type 59-1 MBT | rattory No 617 caried out a number of improvements te the Type 59 ME | Which sulted inthe Typo 881. The featured hydraule booster tochnolog Xo improve the opening and closing mechanisms forthe safety door cov Sd cupola door cover Installation of simplified fire-conrl system, les ‘ange finder, engine low-preseute alarm and automatic fre extinguisher. ‘Typo 591 MBT Further development resulted in thoType 59: whic haste 108 mm sit Tank gun that ean fire APFSDS, APDS. HEAT and HESH ammunition, tw tus stabilisation system for the main armament, igh. spot fre-conts System, outomatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression syst ‘80 np diesel engine, now radios and communications srstem. “The 105 mmm rifled tank gun is similar to the Western L7 (UKM (U and is fited with 8 fume extractor and thermal sleeve. This has be Feforred to by US forces os the Model 1984 as this was te fist year tha! (aos dentieg “Tne Chinese 15 mm fled tank gun fires Chinese-developod ammunith and this gun is also installed in number of athar Chinose MBTs includ theType 79-Type 80 andType 85. is understood thatthe 105 mm riled te ‘dun was originally supplied by sree. “The Type Bills also referred to as tho Type 698 and has the induste desighation ofthe 721208, Te 105 mm gun ie called the ype 81, “The earlier Type S9A wos developed between 1985 and 1987 and belgved to be fited witha thermal sleeve Tor the 705 rm gun, improv trmour, & pow smoke generating system and an automatic fie detect ‘nd supprassion system, NORINCO i now morkoting 2 105 mm Isserguided projectile. Dotalls civen in the entry for theType a0 MBT. ‘Type 59. MBT Chinese sources has mentioned aType 50: MBT, which s also reercec as thoType S9C, ‘Type 59D MBT “The has the incisal designation of theVVZ120C and hus a number of n {ures including the installation ofthe Type FY explosive reactive erm fnew 108 mm Type 824 rifled gun Type 88-1, installation of the 12351 Giosel developing S80 hp and » new computerised firecontrl system ¥ image intensification sighta The ator wil be replacad bra thermal sight systam. Type S901 MBT This isan improved version with a 105 mm Type 79 gun Chinese Type 59 MBT armed with NORINCO 120 mn smoothbore Which is htted wit @ fare extractor and thermal sleeve om jaa janes.China/MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS 15° Modified Chinese Type 59 as used by the Iraqi Army with 12.7 mm ant: aireratt machine gun removed aes NORINCO ype 59 retrofit packa NORINCO hes offered an upgrade package for theType 69 MBTThe original 4520 hp dios could be replaced by a new 730 hp clecel giving a much highar powerto-weight ratio and tretore groster accleraton on the battofild ‘Other improvements include APFEDS.T ammunition for the 109 mm ‘un, rubborbushed tracks, NEC sysem, fiction shosk-absorbers, main armament stabilisation in beth elovaion and traverse and a new fre ‘ontrl system incorporating spot injection inthe guna’ sight NORINCO 120 mm'F54/Type 59 upgrade Chiga Neth Industries Corporation NORINCO) hes developed an upgrade package forthe wily deployed ChunessType 59 ad Russian E47 55 MBT {hat includes the replacement of the sueent 100 mm riled tank gun by a 120 mm smootnbere gun. Ax of eaty 2005 there ara no known orGors {or the NORINCO 120 mm F5AType £5 MBT upgrade. This has slzo been tolered to n Chinese sources asthe ype 59 Kal “he exact origin ofthe Chinas 121 mm smoothbore isnot known a8 in tho past, with tho exeapion of te Western 108 ried ten gu, al Chinese ark guns have boon of Eastern dosign, ‘Some years ago China dd devslop and plece in production the 120 mm self prope antitank gun ype 89 (details of which are given In 2 separate entry, which has simler 120 mm smoothbore gun and the 120 mm weapon forthe Type 88 upgrade fs probably identical This was can in public forth fist molten 1989 during & major parade held in Chins. This wes called the P1289 or "ype 89 solfpropeled antitank gun Details were given in» separate entry “tho 120 mm smocthbore gun s 6 m long and weighs 2,600 ko complete vith Breech mechanism. ts fted witha fume exrector end thermal sleeve But has no maze reference aytom.To give an inveaas in barrel the intro is como plated ‘az wel ae fring Wists natures of 105 me srmourplaring fin stabiiand dacarding sabot {APFSOS ammunition, euch 2s the German Reinmtll DM23 and DMIS2 and HEAT multipurpose, i can aaa fre 120 mm amnuntion developed by NORINCO. Lite the Westorn 120 mm smoothbore ammunition, the Chingee 120 mm ‘mmuntion has 8 semircombustible carvidge case and all that romaine tte Tring Is the st cartridge cams. The penstraor has = respectable lonath-to-tiameter ratio of 25.211 andeomplete with saddle weighs 723 kg, ‘When in fight the penetator weighs 41k “The NORINCO APFSDS rund Ras mule valcty of 7.680 mls and is claimed a have similar rmaur penetration pertormanea to NATO natures af ammunition, for example around 580 mm a olled homogenous amour IRA) at ange of 1.500 m “are ravers is 360" with weapon elevation fom) 510-18" A total of 78 ‘ours of 120 mm arnmuton ae cars compared 02 ead of 10 mm. “To improve fit round hit probably simplified firecontol system has been fted which includes ase tongerinder This enables the upgraded tank toengoqe moving targets when Kis taionary quoted engagement tines are bound seconds fro stationery tage and 10 seconds fora moving target. ange target horizontal angular speed and uit angle ofthe 120 mom gun is input automatically wile charge temperature, ambient sir temperatura, ‘muro vlecty and erosswind are entared manele roid White the weepon s noma ai on the target by the gunner, ifraquited the commonder can also take over, aim and Tie, Verious types of might vision equipment ean be fted as required by the ser, “he secondary stmament remains the same and consists of « root 5&2 mm machine gn whic eed eth ase pate onl operated by the iver Many uses ave ramaved hie weopon an plage the foe he Type 59 Gai This was frst revealed in 2000 and is understood to have the inckistria designation of the BWK-120K, and ie further developmant ef the Type 69 Ttis armed with a 120 mm amoothbore gun, whieh may well be the same as me.one previously mantioned, The 120 mm gun is ly stabilized in to fxes and is chrome lined for a longer ite jaa janes.com Specifications Type 59 MET Crewe 4 Combat weight: 36.000 kg Powerto-weight ratio: 12.4 np Ground pressure: 03 kgm! Length: “gun forward) 9m Al 6.08 with: 3.27 m Heat: 263m Ground clearance: 0.425 m Tack: 2855. Tack width: 580 mm LLenath of track on ground: 3.84. ‘Max toad speed 40-50 Kivi mr (evan 818 es (external 400 lives {iain ane externel supp 600 km Fording (without preparation) 14m fyeiuensssion) sbi Gradient: 60% Vertical obstacle: 0.79 m ronch: 2.7 m Engine: Model 12160L\-12lquit cooled cise doeloping 520 hp at 2000 rpm Transmission: manual, § forward and t reverse goore ‘Suspension: torsion bar Electrical systam: 24 Armament (eve text (rmsin} 1100 mm; Type 69 ifed gun (cossial) 1752 mmiType 897 MG (bow) 1% 752 ram Type 597 MG. (antistera)11612:7 mmTypa 64 MG Ammunition: (main) 34 (coaxiaimul 3500 (anréslrerat) 200 Gun elovation/depression: +17 Turret traverse: 300° Armour, (hull font upper} 97 mm at 68° (hull front towel 99 mn at 5 (hull ses upper) 73 mm a 0 (hull sides lower 20 mi at 0° {hull rear upper 40 mam at {hull rear lewer) 48 mm at 0° {hl top) 33 mn {bull focr-ront 20 mm {hull floor rear] 20 mm {turret font) 203 mm at O° {turret sid) 160 mm at = {turret rear) 84 mm ato” {turret roof 39 mm 873° ‘Mantle: inet in above figures NBC system: yee Night vision equipment: yos Basic ARV ‘This may well be 2 local modification and ie essontially @Type 6) with ite turret removed, semed wih 4 single 12.7 mm machine gun. As the vehicle 's not believe! to have a winch, iis limited to towing operations. This ie known a5 theType 73 ARV ane has the industrial designation of he W265, Status Production complete. No longer marketed. In service with the countries listed Inthe rae country Quantity Comment Albania an Bangladesh E 1 Type 69 Bosnin Herzegovina 71 called F55A but ace Type Se Cambodia 200 incl someTS4 and'58 China 5800 estimate also Used by Marines Congo, Democratic 20 estimate, being upgraded Fepublic Iron 220 estimate Keres, North 8 Pakistan 1.200 some uperaded with 105 mm sun Sudan 0 Type 83 Tanzania 2 about 16 ore operational Vietnam 350 Zembia 2 Zimbabwe 20 Jane's Armour and Atl ry 2608-200816 MBTs AND MEDIUMTANKS/China—Croatia Contractor Between 1950 and 1961 three faclorus in China were converted into tank Teparfacities Thase wore in Beting, Changchun and Harbin. tis possiole that these were subsequently upgraded to tank production facilites Enquiries to China North Industes Corp. (NORINCO). Croatia RH-ALAN Degman MBT Development Inmud 900, Creat finaly reveied Hs next Degman Mat Bote Tak IMBT), which ie an enhanced varsion of the Yugoslav Woday Serbia and Montenegro] M-24A MBT that hasbeen manutacturedin Croats for several The M.B4A isin turn an improsed version ofthe original Yugoslav M-S¢ ich in tur i based on the Ruston E72 MET. ‘Under current plans, production of the M-SA was expected to be completed in Croatia n the near future after whic ic willbe followed on ‘he production lines by the improved Degman, For tras purposes, the new computerised fre;coniol system has been tested inthe eurent M-24A and ti expected that th future the whole CSotian M-B#A/Degrnan MBT fleet wil be brought upto a common fr control system standard ‘In 2003 Duro Dskovie SpaciiainaYorila completed the fst all up example of the Degman MBT i hes developed to meet the roquirements of the Croation Ary. K should be noted that RH-ALAN is a marketing company Production Is undertaken by Dure Dakovie Specialna Voz Description In overall layout te Degman, which as aometimes boon roferod to 36 the IM.36, sient! tothe M-O4MOLA withthe driver at tho front, two-person tet n the contre ond with tho rower pack at the rear. "The Russian -72M1 and the M84 MT both featured an all-wolded stl turret that incorporated adveread armour. The lost Dagman MBT has @ fhow turet of a welded steel armour that is easier to manufacture and sir to fit ath adiional armour due 6 Its lt sides ineddition tothe base line atmaur package, the new turret ofthe Degman IMBT also has a now axplosiverctive armour (ERA) package called RRAK ‘avoioped ané supplied by the FAFAEL Armament Development Authority of eran ‘An ERA package is also provided over the frontal ate of the chassis covering the nose, glacis plate and side skits to provide a high level of| batletetdsurvivabilty. 'A Fotons-type LIRD laser warning system Is provided and used conjunction with the two banks of Urea grenade launchers mounted on tether sce ofthe tute. ‘Main armament comprises a 125 mm smoothbore gun thats fed by an automatic loader whlch frst loads the projectile and then the charge. The futomatic loader holds a total ef 22 projectiles end a similar number of ‘hharges with another 20 being cered in reserve. 'A.762 mm machine gun is mounted Coaxielly with 2 12.7 mm machine ‘aun on the rot that can be simed by remote contre ‘Degman hes are, computerised fre-contel system called the OMEGA.D with the gunner having a stabilved daylimage intensification {sight with Iegrated laser renge-tinde “Ihe stabilised qunner's sight is designated the SGS-D, and the day channel has 9 magnification of 10 and the night channel is of the socond ‘generation inage-ntansifcatior type. This incudas a Nd-Yog laser range Finder with a range frm 200 to 0,000 rm "Thete #2 en option to replace the I system by a thermal camera. The commander has a Fotona COMTOS dayinight sight with integrated DNKS-2 ‘The Dagman MBT is armed with @ 125 mm smoothbore gun and is fitted tha new explosive reactive armour system over the frontal arc menwoseonrs Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006 Specifications Dogman MET Crew: 3 Combat weight: 44,500 kg Powerto-woight ratio: 22.47 np Ground pressure 0.95 kglem! Length: gun forwards) 10.141m width: 369. Height. 2.12 (Ground clearance: 0,428 m Max road speed: 70 kmh ‘ceeleration: 010 32 kv 8.5s Foot capacity: 1480 ‘Max road range: 700 km Vertieal obstacle: 0.85 Fording: 1210 18m Fording with preparation: 5. Gradient: 58% i Side slope: 47% Engine: 12-

Potrebbero piacerti anche

• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  Da Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (5794)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  Da Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brené Brown

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (1090)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  Da Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (838)
• • Riviste
  • Podcast
  • Spartito
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  Da Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (599)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  Da Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (1712)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  Da Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (895)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (1103)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  Da Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (588)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  Da Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (537)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  Da Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (2101)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  Da Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (344)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  Da Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (474)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  Da Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (1015)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (1839)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  Da Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (821)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  Da Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (120)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  Da Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (271)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  Da Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (440)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  Da Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (399)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  Da Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (2259)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Tóibín

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (1937)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (4609)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  Da Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (1929)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (4200)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  Da Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (98)
• Steve Jobs

  

  Da Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (806)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  Da Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (266)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  Da Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (2322)
• Yes Please

  

  Da Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (1891)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  Da Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (231)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  Da Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (234)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  Da Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (738)
• John Adams

  

  Da Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (2409)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (3811)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  Da Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (73)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Valutazione: 4.5 su 5 stelle

  4.5/5 (789)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  Da Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (45)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (792)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  Da Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (104)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  Da Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Valutazione: 3.5 su 5 stelle

  3.5/5 (137)
• Little Women

  

  Da Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Valutazione: 4 su 5 stelle

  4/5 (104)