BANGALORE UNIVERSITY, BANAGALORE Syllabus for B.

Sc, Microbiology (Semester) SEMSESTER-I MBP 10 Basic Microbiology and Control of Microorganisms Total hours allotted: 60. Unit 1 Introduction, History and Scope of Microbiology 1. Microbes and origin of life. 1 hours 2. Scope and relevance of microbiology as a modern science. 1 hours 3. Branches of Microbiology 1 hours 4. Ignorance and scope of microbiology as a modern science. 1 hours 5. Contribution of Scientists to the field of Microbiology- Antony Von Leewenhoek, Edward, Jenner, Lazaro Spallanzani, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Liter, Robert Koch, Alexander Flemming and lwanovsky. 10hours Unit 2 Instruments used in Microbiology Microscopy 1. Principles of Microscopy- resolving power, numerical aperture, working distance and magnification. 2 Hours 2. Principles of photomicrography. 1 Hours 3. Working principles and applications of a) Dark field microscope b) Phase contrast microscope c) Fluorescence Microscope d) Stereomicroscope d) and Electron Microscopy- TEM and SEM 8 hours Other Instruments 1. Principle, construction and applications of Inoculation chamber, incubator, PH meter and nephatometer. 3 hours Unit 3. Stains and Staining Techniques 1. Nature of dyes 2. Physical and chemical theories of staning 3. Staining techniques principle, procedure and applications of 4. Simple staning negative staning 5. Differential Staining- Grams and acid fast staining 6. Structural staining cell wall, endosperm, flagella and capsular staining 8 hours Unit 4. Control of Microorganisms 1. Definition of terms-sterilization, disinfectant, antiseptic, sanitizer, germicide, microbioidal agents, micro biostatic agents and antimicrobial agent. 1 hours 2. Evaluation antimicrobial chime agents-Tube dilution and agar plate techniques-well method and disk plate method. 1 hours 3. Physical methods of control-Principle, construction and application of most heat sterilization Boiling, Pasteurization, Fractional sterilization-Tyhdamization and Moist heat under pressure autoclave. Dry heat sterilization-Incineration and hot air oven. Filtration Diatomaceous earth filter, seitz filter, membrane filter and laminar air flows Radiation

Ionizing radiation y rays and non-ionizing radiation- UV-rays 9 hours 4. Chemical methods: Alcohol, aldehydes, phenols, halogen, metallic salts, Quaternary ammonium compound and sterilizing gases as antimicrobial agents. Selection of a chemical agent for practical applications. 3 hours Unit 5 Antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents 1. Definition and classification of antibiotics. 1 hours 2. Characteristics of antibiotics that qualify them as chemotherapeutic agents 1 hours 3. Antimicrobial spectrum of antibiotics and mode of action of the following antibiotics a) Antibacterial- Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Bacitracin, Polymyxins, Streptomycin, chloramphenicoles, tetracyclines and Vancomycin b) Antifungal- Nystatin and cyclohexamide c) Antiviral- Acrucloguanosine (nucleoside) d) Synthetic Chemotherapeutic agents- Nalidixic acid 7 hours 4. Development of Resistance to antibiotics- a brief account. 1 hours

SEMESTER I MBP 102- Basic Microbiology Practical 1. Safety measures in Laboratory. 2. Study of student microscope and research microscope- Construction, working, principle, care to be taken while using the microscope. Use of oil immersion objective. 1 unit 3. Study of instruments-Autoclave, hot air oven . Laminar air flow bench, Inoculation chamber, inoculation loop and needle, Incubator, centrifuge, pH meter, Seitz filter, membrane filter and colorimeter/spectrophotometer. 4 units 4. Cleaning and sterilization of glassware. 2 units 5. Study of aseptic techniques-preparation of cotton plugs for test tubes and pipettes, wrapping of petri- plates and pipettes, transfer of media and inoculum. 2 units 6. Staining of bacteriaa) Simple stainingm ethylene blue staining b) gram staining c) structural staining-cell wall, endosperm staining and capsule staining 5 units References: 1. Aneja K.R. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom cultivation, New Age International, New Delhi. 2. Atlas R.M. Microbiology- Fundamentals and applications, Macmillan Publishing Company , New York. 3. Benson Harold J. Microbiological Application, WCB McGraw-Hill of India Private Limited. 4. Narayanan P. Essentials of Biophysics, New Age International, New Delhi. 5. Pelczar M.J. Chan E.C.S. and Krieg N.R. Microbiology, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. 6. Prescott Lansing M. Harley John P. and Klein Donald A. Microbiology, WCB McGraw-Hill New York.

7. Salle A.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 8. Staner R,Y Ingraham J.L. General Microbiology, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. SEMSESTER-II MBP 201 Microbial Taxonomy and Culture Techniques Total hours allotted: 60. Unit 1 The Microbial World-The study of various groups of microorganisms. 1. Study of Viruses 10 hours a) Early developments of virology b) General structure and properties of viruses c) Virus Purification and assay d) Principles of Viral Taxonomy e) Structure, reproduction, cultivation and significance of Bacteriophage (T4 and lambda) Plant viruses (TMV) Animal viruses (HIV and Herpes Virus) f) Prions and Virious Nature and significance 2. Comparison of the three domains of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, Eucarya (tabular and diagrammatic) 2 hours 3. Study of Bacteria a) Size, Shape and arrangement of bacterial cells b) Fine structure, composition and function of Equatorial cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleotide, flagella, Pili/fimbriae, slime layer, capsule, spores and cysts c) Classification of Bacteria-Brief account of major characteristics used in bacterial classification. 4. a. Classification, Morphology, Cultivation, Reproduction and significance of: i) Ricketts ii) Chlamydia iii) Mycoplasma iv) Actinomycetes Characteristics classification, cell structure and reproduction of Cyan bacteria (type study of Anabaena Spiraling). Parallelism between bacteria and cyan bacteria Fungi ultrastructure of fungal cell. Salient features, classification, reproduction and significance of major groups of fungi (phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes). Type study of Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Yeast, Agaricus and Fusarium. 3. Protozoa-General features, classification and significance. 21 hours Unit 2. Culturing of microorganisms 1. Culture media-Synthetic and non-Synthetic-solid, liquid and semi-solid media, Special Media. Enriched, selective, transport, differential maintenance and enrichment media. 2. Methods of isolation of bacteria, fungi-Serial dilution, pour plate, spread plate and streak plate. 3. Maintenance of pure cultures. 4. Cultivation of anaerobic bacteria-Anaerobic jar method. 7 hours Unit 3 Microbial growth 1. Nutritional requirements of microorganisms-Macronutrients, micronutrients and growth factors. Nutritional types of microorganisms: Autographs and heterotrophy, photographs and chemotropism. 2. Physical factors affecting growth of microorganisms: Temperature, pH and Oxygen. 3. Multiplication in bacteria-binary fission, budding and fragmentation.

4. Bacterial growth curve, synchronous growth. 5. Continuous cultivation-chemo stat and turbid stat 6. Counting of bacteria-Viable count- SPC, Total count-DMC and trubidimetric estimation. 10 hours SEMSESTER-II MBP 202 Microbial Taxonomy and Culture Techniques practical Total hours allotted: 60. 1. Preparation of Media-Nutrient broth, Nutrient Agar, Martins Rose Bengal medium, Sabourauds Agar. 2 units 2. Isolation of bacteria and Fungi from soil 2 units a) Preparation of serial dilutions. b) Spread plate and pour plate techniques. c) Streaking techniques for isolation and purification of bacteria. d) Study of colony characteristics of bacteria e) Identification of bacteria and fungi. 3. Motility of bacteria by hanging drop technique. 1 unit 4. Measurement of size of cells by micrometry. 2 units 5. Counting of yeast cells and fungal spores using Haemocytometer. 2 units 6. Study of fungi-Identification of fungi by tease-mount method using Lactophenol cotton blue 1 unit 7. Type study of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Yeast, Rhizopus and Fusarium (Specimens) 2 units 8. Demonstration fo slide culture techniques of fungi. 2 units 9. Study of protozoa-Amoeba, Paramecium and Euglena (Permanent slides) 10. Study of Blue-green algae-Anabaena and Spirulina. (Specimens) 1unit Students have to submit to two fungal and one Blue-green algae slide (permanent) for the examination. References: 1. Alexopoulas C.J. and Mims C.W. Introductory Mycology, New Age International, New Delhi 2. Aneja K.R. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom cultivation, New Age International, New Delhi. 3. Atlas R.M. Microbiology-Fundamentals and applications, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 4. Benson Harold J. Microbiological Applications, WCB McGraw-Hill New York. 5. Bold H.C. and Wynne M.J. Biology of Microorganisms, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. 6. Brock T.D. and Madigan M.T. Biology of Microorganisms, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited. 7. Mehrotra R.S. and Anejs K.R. An Introduction to Mycology, New Age International, New Delhi. 8. Polczar M.C Chan _______ Microbiology McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. 9. Prescott Lansing M. Harley, John P. and Klein Donald A. Microbiology WCB McGraw Hill New York. 10. Salle A.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company limited New Delhi. 11. Stonier R.Y. Ingraham J.L. General Microbiology, Prentice Hall of Indian Private Limited, New York.

SEMSESTER-II MBP 301 Microbial Physiology and Microbial Genetics Total hours allotted: 60. Unit 1. Microbial Physiology 1. Bimolecular-A brief account of the properties. Classification and importance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. 4 hours 2. Enzymes-Introduction, Properties, nomenclature and classification, Mechanism of enzyme action, effect of various factors influencing enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition, enzyme regulation and ribosomes. 6 hours 3. Bioenergetics- Free energy ATP and its production, other high energy compounds 4 hours 4. Oxidation-reduction reactions. 5. Energy yielding processes-Breakdown of carbohydrates-Glycol tic pathways-EMP, HMP shunt/pentose phosphate pathway and ED; TCA; ETS and oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic respiration, Chemoautotrophy oxidation of inorganic compounds-N.S. Fe and H. 12 hours 6. Fermentation-Fermentative modes in microorganisms- alcoholic, Lactic and hetero and ___________ proplonic acid, butyric acid, mixed acid and butenediol fermentation. 6 hours 7. Bacterial photosynthesis- photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic apoaratus in prokaryotes, photosynthesis in purple and green bacteria. 4 hours Unit 2 Genetics 1. Genomic organization in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. 2 hours 2. Nucleic acids; Chemical composition of DNA an RNA, Watson and Crick model of DNA, Types of DNA-A.K Z and H, Super coiling of DNA 4 hours 3. DNA replication in Prokaryotes-Semi conservative method, Rolling circle model, Origin of replication, Primers and template, Replication fork, Unidirectional and Bi-Directional (0 mode) 5 hours 4. Genetic recombination in Bacteria-Conjugation, F+v/s F-Hfr+v/ F-TransformationGriffiths experiment and mechanism, transduction-generalized and specialized. 5 hours 5. Molecular basis of mutations-Spontaneous and induced mutations. 4 hours 6. Transposable elements and transpose mutagenesis, Detection and isolation of mutantsReplica plate method 3 hours SEMSESTER-II MBP 302 Microbial Physiology and Microbial Genetics Practical Total hours allotted: 60. 1. Determination of growth curve for fungi by colony diameter method. 2unit 2. Biochemical tests used for the identification of Bacteria. a) IMVIC b) Fermentation of glucose, sucrose, and lactose-acid and gas production c) Manito motility test d) Starch hydrolysis e) Gelatin liquefaction test

f) Catalane g) Oxidase test. 8 units 3. Estimation of reducing sugar glucose-by DNA method 1 unit 4. Estimation of protein by Lowrys method 1 unit 5. Effect of pH and temperature on bacterial growth 2 units 6. Charts on Genetic recombination in Bacteria- Conjugation-F+v/s F-, Hfr+ v/s F-, F v/s F Transformation- Griffiths Experiment and mechanism Transduction-generalized and specialized 1 unit References: 1. Freifelder David, Microbial Genetics , Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 2. Gerald Karp, Cell Biology McGraw Hill Book Company New York. 3. Moat A.G. and Foster S.W. Microbial Physiology, John Wiley and Sons, New York. 4. Nelson David L and Cox Michael M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Macmillian Press/Worth Publishers, New Delhi. 5. Pelozar M.J. Chan E.C.S and Krieg N.R. Microbiology McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. 6. Prescott Lansing M. Harley John P. and Klein Donald A. Microbiology, WCB McGraw-Hill New York. 7. Salle A.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 8. Stonier R.Y. Ingraham J.L. General Microbiology, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. 9. Stick Berger M.W. Genetics, Prentice Hall of Indian Private Limited, New Delhi. 10. Voet D and Voet J.G. Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York. SEMSESTER-IV MBP 401 Microbial Biology, Genetics Engineering and Biophysics Total hours allotted: 60. Unit1. Molecular Biology 1. Types of RNA and their functions. 3 hrs 2. Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes- Ribosomes, types of RNA involved transcription, translation, and mechanism of protein synthesis, and protein inhibitors. 5 hrs 3. Gene Structure and expression. 4. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes-The operon concept, Induction and repression, the lace operon. Tryptophan operon, Catabolic repression and Attenuation. 3hrs Unit 2. Recombinant DAN technology 1. History and fundamentals of r-DNA technology 1 Hrs 2. Tools for r-DNA technology-DNA manipulative enzymes. Restriction enzymes, Ligases and other DNA modifying enzymes 4 hrs 3. Gene cloning vectors-Salient features, Plasmids-properties, types pBR322 and pUC18 and pUC18 series vectors, bacteriophages- and M 13, Cosmids-properties. 5 hrs 4 .Vectors for plants: Agrobacterium tumifaciens 1 hrs

5. Vectors for Animals: SV 40 1 hrs 6. In vitro construction of r-DNA molecules: lsolation of passenger DNA from bacteria (gene of interest) and isolation of vector DNA (Bacteria). 1hrs 7. Cutting of DNA molecules- Physical methods, enzymatic methods & Joining of DNA molecules-Homopolymer tails, Linkers, Adapters. 3 hrs 8. Transformation of r-DNA into tar get host organisms: Calcium chloride mediated gene transfer, Agro bacterium mediated DNA transfer, Electroporation, Microinjection, Liposome fusion and Micro particle bombardment. 4 hrs 9. Screening and selection of recombinant host cells: Insertional inactivation. In situ colony/DNA hybridization, and immunological techniques. 2 hrs 10. Molecular Techniques a) Electrophoresis b) Blotting techniques c) PCR and its applications d) RFLP 5 hrs 11. Applications of Genetic Engineering a) Medicine: Gene therapy b) Agriculture: nif gene cloning 12. Potential hazards and safe guards of genetic engineering 1 hrs Unit 3 BIOPHYSICS 1. General Introduction and scope of biophysics. 1 hrs 2. Physical methods of determining the size, shape and molecular weitht of moleculessurface tension, sedimentation and viscosity 2 hrs 3. Radioisotopes- decay units of radioactivity, biochemical and diagnostic importance of radioisotopers dosimetery and Autoradiography. 3hrs 4. Analytical techniques- Principle and applications of centrifuge, ultra-centrifuge, UVVisible spectrophotometer, chromatography-paper and TLC and X-ray crystallography. 7hr s. SEMSESTER-IV MBP 402 Microbial Biology, Genetics Engineering Practical Total hours allotted: 60. 1. Preparation of buffers-citrate and phosphate buffers. 1unit 2. Estimation of DNA by Diphnylamine method. 1unit 3. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method. 1unit 4. Determination of MIC of antimicrobial agents. 2unit

5. Evaluation of antimicrobial antibiotic sensitivity tests-paper disc plate method 2unit 6. Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria 1unit 7. Isolation of plasmid DNA from bacteria and separation by gel electrophoresis 2unit 8. Restriction digestion of DNA 2unit 9. In vitro DNA ligation 2unit 10. Charts on genetic engineering 1unit a) pBR 322 b) pUC 18 and 19 c) SV 40 d) Bacteriophagese) Gene cloning f) Selection of recombinants by replica plate technique References: 1. Gerald Karp, Cell Biology, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. 2. Nelson David L. and Cox Michael M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Macmillan Press/Worth Publishers, New Delhi. 3. Pelozar M.J. Chan E.C.S and Krieg N.R. Microbiology McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. 4. Prescott Lansing M. Harley John P. and Klein Donald A. Microbiology, WCB McGraw-Hill New York. 5. Salle A.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 6. stanier R.Y. Ingranam J.L. General Micrbiology, Prentice Hill of India Private Limited New Delhi. 7. Watson James D. Recombinant DNA, Scientific American Books, New York. SEMSESTER-IV MBP 501 Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology Total hours allotted: 60. Unit 1. Agricultural Microbiology 1. Soil-definition, types, physical and chemical characters, soil profile, Soil microorganisms-Bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, protozoa, and viruses. 2. Interactions between plants and microorganisms-types of interaction s (positive and negative) Microorganisms of rhizosphere, rhizoplane and phylloplane, mycorrhiza (Types and its applications). 3hrs 3. Microbes and biogeochemical cycles-Nitrogen, sulphur, carbon and phosphorous.2hrs 4. Bioleaching-Copper and Iron-ore form available, areas of deposits, methods of leaching, mechanism and significance. 2hrs 5. Biodegradation-Cellulose, Pectin, plastics and pesticides. 2hrs 6. Microorganisms in agriculture-Biochemistry, genetics and physiology of Nitrogen fixation, Symbiotic- Rhizobium, Non-symbiotic-Azotobacter, BGA and associvativeAzospirillum associations. 5hrs

7. Biofertilizers-Definition, Types (bacterial, fungal, phosphate solubilizers, BGA, Plants-Azolla); kind of association, mode of application and merits. 2hrs 8. Biopesticides-Introduction types (bacterial-Bacillus thruingiensis, Viral NPV, fungal-Trichoderma), Mode of action, factors influencing, genes involved and target pests.2hrs 9. Study of microbes as plant pathogens-Puccini, Plasmopara, Cercospora, Pyricularia; Xanthomonas oryzae; Mycoplasma-Sandal spike, grassy shoot; Viruses-TMV, Tomato leaf cur). 5 hur Environmental Microbiology Unit 2 Microbiology of air 1. Introduction definition, atmospheric layers, sources of microorganism, air micro flora of indoor and outdoor air. Factors affecting air micro flora, significance of air borne microbes, end toxins, control and management of air borne microbes. 5hrs 2. Techniques of trapping air borne microorganisms-gravity slide, pert plate exposure, vertical cylinder, Hirst spore trap, Rota rod sampler, Andersen sampler, Burked trap, hand held air sampler, impingers and filtration. Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. 5 hrs 3. Biohazards in occupational environment, allergy testing. 2hrs Unit3. Microbiology of water 1. Introduction, natural waters, distribution of microorganisms in the aquatic environment, sources and types of water pollution, biological indicators of water pollution. 3hrs 2. Determination of the sanitary quality of water-MPN index, membrane filtration, Biological Oxygen Demand. 3hrs 3. Water Purification in municipal water supply, parameters of potable water. 2hrs SEMSESTER-IV MBP 502 Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology Practical Total hours allotted: 60. 1. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria and fungi from rhizosphere and rhizoplane. 2units 2. Study of Rhizobium from legume root nodules (gram staining) and isolation of Rhizobium (using Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar)and Azotobacter (using Ashbys Mannitol Agar)from soil. 2units 3. Isolation of actinomycetes from soil microorganisms using Glucose Aspergine agar by plate methods 2units 4. Study of antagonism between soil microorganisms by plate methods -Bacteria Vs Bacteria, Bacteria vs. Fungi, Fungus vs. Fungus, Actinomycetes vs. Bacteria/Fungi. 2units

5. Study of plant pathogens-Tikka Disease, Sandal Spike, Downy Mildew and Tomato Leaf Curl. 1unit 6. Study of airborne microorganisms (bacteria and Fungi)in different environments by exposure plate method. 1unit 7. Study of air samplers-Andersons sampler, Hirst Spore trap, Rotorod sampler and vertical cylinder. 1unit 8. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand. 1unit 9. Microbial examination of water by coli form, MPN methods-for potable and sewage water. 2unit 10. Study of fungi-cladosporium, Helminthosporium, Mucro, Curvularia, Alter aria, Geotrichum and Trichoderma. (specimens) 1unit References: 1. Alexander M. Introduction to Soil Microbiology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. 2. Alexopulas C.J and Mims C.W. Introductory Mycology, New Age International, New Delhi. 3. Aneja K.R. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant pathology, Tissue culture and Mushroom cultivation, New Age International, New Delhi. 4. Hirst, C.J. Environmental Microbiology, ASM Press, Washington D.C. 5. Mehrotra R.S. Plant Pathology Tata McGraw Hill Publications Limited, New Delhi. 6. Pelczar M.J. Chan E.C.S and Krieg N.R. Microbiology McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. 7. Prescott Lansing M. Harley John P. and Klein Donald A. Microbiology, WCB McGraw-Hill New York. 8. Salle A.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 9. Stacey R.H. and Evans H.J. Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Chapman and Hal Limited, London. 10. Stanier R.Y. Ingra_________ General Microbiology, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. 11. Subbarao N.S Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi. 12. Steward W.D.P, Nitrogen Fixation in Plants. The At lone Press, London.

SEMSESTER-V MBP 503 Food and Dairy Microbiology Total hours allotted: 60. Unit 1. Food Microbiology 1. Food and Microorganisms-Food as a substrate for microorganisms. Sources of

contamination of food 3 hrs. 2. Food spoilage and food poisoning- Spoilage of canned food, cereals, fruits, vegetables, meat and fish. Food sanitation and control. Food poisioning-Endotoxin, staphylococcal poisoning, botulism and salmonella is Mycotoxins produced by fungi-Aflatoxin in stored food and grains. 7 hrs. 3.Food preservation-Principles of food preservation Methods of food preservation-high temperature, canning, freezing, dehydration, chemical preservatives and radiation. 5 hrs 4. Microbial examination of food-CMC, viable colony count, examination of fecal streptococci 2hrs 5. Microorganisms as food Single cell proteins-yeast and spirulina Single cell oils 4hrs Unit 2. Dairy Microbiology 1. Microorganisms and Milk Physical and chemical properties of milk. Milk as a substrate for microorganisms. Types of microorganisms in Milk-bacteria, fungi and yeast. Sources of microbial contamination of milk milch animal, utensils and equipment, water, milking environment, personnel and packaging material. 8hrs 2. Microbiological analysis of milk Rapid platform tests-organoleptic, Clot on boiling (COB), turntable aidity alcohol test, DMC, sedimentation test and pH. Standard plate count, reducates test MBRT, Reszautin test 4 hrs 3. Methods of preservation of milk and milk products Pasteurization, sterilization and dehydration An account or condensed and dried milk 4hrs 4. Fermentation in milk Souring, lactic and fermentation, colour and flavours fermentation, gassy fermentation and proteolysis. 3hrs 5. Fermented Milk Products Yogurt-Types & production Cheese-types and production- Cheddar & Cottage Cultured Butter milk 4hrs 6. Genetic Engineering and Dairy industry 1hrs SEMSESTER-V MBP 504 Food and Dairy Microbiology Practical Total hours allotted: 60.

1. Isolation and identification of microbes from infected fruits and vegetables. 2units 2. Isolation and identification of microbes from curd, idli batter, and Stored foods-Jams, Jellies, Sauce and Pickles. 3unit 3. Bacterial examination of milk by SPC 2unit 4. Bacterial examination of milk by DMC 1unit 5. MBRT 1unit 6. Estimation of Fat content in milk by Gerbers method 1unit 7. Estimation of Lactose in milk. 1unit 8. Production and detection of Aflatoxins from fungi by paper chromatography and bioassay of aflatoxins. 2unit 9. Study of food borne pathogens-Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Salmonella 1unit References: 1. Betty C. Hobbs, Food Microbiology, Arnold-Heinemann Publishing Private Limited, New Delhi. 2. Frazier and Wasthoff, Food Microbiology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 3. Hammer B.W. and Babal, Dairy Bacteriology, Prentice Hali Incorporated, London. 4. Jay J.M. Modern Food Microbiology, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New York. 5. Prescott Lansing M. Harley John P. and Klein Donald A. Microbiology, WCB McGraw-Hill New York. 6. Salle A.J. Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 7. Varnam A.H. and Evans M.G. Food borne Pathogens, Wolfe Publishing House, London. SEMSESTER-VI MBP 601 Immunology and Medical Microbiology Total hours allotted: 45. Unit1. Immunology 1. History and scope of Immunology 1 hrs 2. Immunity: Definitional, types-natural, acquired, active, passive. 1 hrs 3. Antigens-Definition, types of antigens, Factors influencing antigen city 1 hrs 4. Antigens-Definition, structure types, properties and functions of Immunoglobulin Production of Polyclonal & Monoclonal antibodies & their application. 4hrs 5. Antigen and Antibody Reactions-Agglutination, Precipitation, Complement fixation test, neutralization, opsonization, Gel diffusion techniques, Immunoelecrophoresis, labeled antibodies RIA, ELISA, Immunofluorescent techniques 5 hrs

6. Complement system-properties, components, pathway and functions. 2 hrs 7. Cells, tissues and organs involved in Immune system 2 hrs 8. Immune response-CMI, MHC AMI Immunological memory and immunological tolerance 3hrs 9. Hypersensitivity 1 hrs 10. Immunology of tissue transplantation and cancer 1 hrs 11. Immunohematology- Blood grouping ABO & Rh 1 hrs 12. Vaccines definition, types Live attenuated vaccines polio and BCG Killed vaccines-pertussis Taxoid-tetanus Recombinant vaccines-hepatitis DNA vaccines Synthetic vaccines 2hrs Unit 2 Medical Microbiology 1. Major developments in medical microbiology 1 hrs 2. Kochs postulates 1 hrs 3. Factors responsible for microbial pathogen city 2 hrs 4. Microbial flora of the human body 2 hrs 5. Important groups of pathogenic Microorganism(classification culture, and biochemical characters, antigenic structure, pathogenic, pathogenesis, Uinilal and laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology prophylaxis and chemotherapy) of the following: Bacterial diseases a) Gonorrhoea b) Diphtheria c) Tetanus d) Shigellosis e) Cholera f) Hemophilic influenza g) Leprosy h) Tuberculosis Viral Diseases a) Polio b) Measles c) Mumps d) Rabies e) Hepatitis A.B f) HIV Protozoan Diseases a) Amoebiasis b) Malaria Fungal Diseases a) Candidasis b) Cutaneous mycoses

SEMSESTER-VI MBP 602 Immunology and Medical Microbiology Practical Total hours allotted: 45. 1. Isolation and identification of microorganisms from Ear, nose, throat and sputum.(Growth on Blood Agar. Chocolate agar, Braid Parker, McConkey Agar, Nutrient Agar) 3 units 2. Isolation and identification of microorganisms from clinical samples urine (Growth in Alkaline peptone water, Growth on Blood Agar, McCaskey Agar.) a) Semi quantitative estimation of cuff. b) Chemical analysis of urine-crystal identification, Determination of sugar and protein in urine samples 2 unit 3. Blood grouping 1 unit 4. Differential count of WBC 1 unit 5. Coagulase test 1 unit 6. WIDAL test 1 unit 7. VDRL test 1 unit 8. Spot Elisa 1 unit 9. IDD-Ouchtlerlony Double diffusion 1 unit 10. RID-Radial Immune Diffusion 1 unit 11. Study of AFB slide 1 unit 12. Study of pathogenic microorganisms-Shigella, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, and Candidaia (Slides) 1 unit References: 1. Abbas Abul K. Lightman Andrew K. and Pober Jordan S. Cellular and Molecular immunology W.B Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 2. Anathanarayana and Paniker, Text Book of Microbiology Orient and Longman, New Delhi. 3. Gold by Richard A. KindtThomas J and Osborne Barbara A. Kuby Immunology, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. 4. Jawetz Me hick, Adel berg Brooks, Butel and Orston, Medical Microbiology, Prentice Hail Incorporated London. 5. Pelczar M.J. Chan E.C.S and Krieg N.R. Microbiology McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. 6. Rcitt I.M. Essentials of Immunology, ELBS Blackwell scientific Publishers, London. SEMSESTER-VI MBP 603 Industrial Microbiology and Microbial technology Total hours allotted: 45. Unit 1. Industrial Microbiology 1. History, scope and development of industrial microbiology. 1 hrs 2. Isolation and screening of industrially important microorganisms. 1 hrs 3. Strain Improvement methods. 2 hrs 4. Types of industrial fermentation processes: Batch continuous, surface, submerged, and SSF 2 hrs 5. Media components and formulation, crude media components, antifoam agents,

precursors, inducer and inhibitors and buffering agents. 5hrs 6. Sterilization of media and raw materials and maintenance of sterility at critical points during fermentation. 2 hrs 7. Inoculum preparation. 1 hrs 8. Process parameters-aeration, agitation, temperature regulation, foam regulation and pH regulation. 3 hrs 9. Fermentor: Basic structure, construction and various types-typical stirred aerated fermentor, tower fermentor, airlift ferment or and bubble cap fermentor. 4 hrs 10. Down-stream processing steps-Recovery of fermented broth filtration, disintegration of cells, purification, and concentration methods of byproduct chromatographic techniques affinity column HPLC, ion exchange and GLC. 3 hrs Unit 2. Microbial Technology 1. Immobilization of enzymes and cells. 2 hrs 2. Production of chemicals-Fermentative production of Alcohol-Industrial alcohol and alcoholic beverages-beer-wine and whiskey Organic acids citric acid Vitamins- B 12 Amino acid Glutamic acid Antibiotics-pencilliu Enzymes- amylase. 8 hrs 3. Biofuels: Methane and hydrogen gas production types of substrate process, mechanism by produces, paint construction and significance 2 hrs 4. production of vaccines- hepatitis B and hormones human insullin 2 hrs 5. Production and use of biofertilizers and biopeticides 3 hrs 6. Biotransformation of steroids 2 hrs 7. Mushroom cultivation 2 hrs SEMSESTER-VI MBP 604 Industrial Microbiology and Microbial technology Practical Total hours allotted: 45. 1. Production of wine from grapes 1 unit 2. Estimation of alcohol content by specific gravitg method 1 unit 3.Production of Citric acid from fungi. 1 unit 4. Producation and Estimation of Citric acid by Titrimetric method 2 unit 5. Production and estimation of amylase from fungi 2 unit 6. Prodcution and estimation of Lactic acid from milk 2 unit 7. Role of yeasts in bread making and bromothymol test 2 unit

8. Mushroom Citation. 2 unit 9. Charts on the different types of fermentors 2 unit a) Typical stirred aerated fermentors b) Tower fermentor c) Air lift fermentor d) Bubble cap fermentor 1 unit 10. Visit to an Industrial Microbiology / Microbial technology industry. 1 unit References: 1. Casida L.E. Industrial Microbiology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi. 2. Prescott S.C. and Dunn C.C. Industrial Microbiology, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi. 3. Stanbury, P.F. Whitaker A and Hall S.J. Principles of Fermentation Technology, Elsevier Science limited Aditya Books Private Limited, New Delhi. 4. Waites Michael J. Morgan Neil L. Rockey John S. And Gray Higton, Industrial Microbiology- An Introduction, Blackwell | Science. Delhi. 5. McNell B and Harve/ L.M. Fermentation-A Pricatical Approach, IRL Press, New York. Unit 7 Frequency distribution-Arithmetic mean, mode, median and percentiles. Measures of variability Range, Mean deviation, Analysis of variance. Standard deviation and co-efficient of variation Skewness and Kurtosis. 4 hrs Unit 8 Probability: Definitions; events; sample space; addition and multiplication rules of probability conditional probability (simple problems). Probability Distributions: Discrete, Continuous, binomial, poisson and normal distribution. Simple correlation of regression. 4 hrs Unit 9 Population and sample: Random Sample, use of table of random numbers, parameter and statistics, sampling distribution of sample means, Standard error, confidence intervals. 4 hrs Unit 10: Hypothesis testing: Basic concepts and definitions, tests based on normal, student T, chi square and F distribution (no proofs) 4 hrs References: 1. Baxavanis (198) Bioinformatics. 2. Higgins & Taylor (2000). Bioinformatics, OUP. 3. Jan (2001) Nucleic acid research, Genome Database issue. 4. Dhananjaya (2002) Introduction to Bioinformatics, www.sd-bio.com series 5. Bliss, C.I.K (1967) Statistics in Biology, Vol. I Mc Graw Hill, New york. 6. Campbell R.C (1974) Statistics for Biologists, Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge 7. Daniel (1999) Biostatistics (3rd edition) Panima Publishing Corporation. 8. Swardlaw, A.C. (1985). Practical Statistics for Experimental Biologists, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. NY. 9. Green, R.H. (1979) Sampling design & Statistical methosds for environmental Biologists, Wiley intoN.Y. 10. Khan (1999) Fundamentals of Biostatistics, Panima Publishing Corporation. 11. Bazin (1983) Mathematics in Microbiology Academic press. 12. Green, N.Y. R.H. (1979) Sampling design and statistical methods for Environmental Biologists, Wiley Int, N.Y. 13. Fry, J.C. (193) Biological Data Analysis. A Practical Approach. IRL Press, Oxford

PRACTICALS MB P205 MICROBIAL GENETICS & IMMUNOLOGY 8X13=104hrs 1. Mutagenesis: Identification and isolation of fungal and bacterial mutants-chemical and UV. 2. Study of Replica plating technique. 3. Isolation of plasmid DNA, genomic DNA 4. Phage titration 5. Demonstration of Bacterial transformation. 6. Demonstration of nonspecific resistance to bacteria. 7. Agarose gel electrophoresis 8. Slide agglutination tests 9. Precipitation test 10. Blood grouping and RH typing 11. Serological tests of diagnostic importance 12. Ames Test for detecting possible chemical carcinogens 13. ELISA 14. Determination of bactericidal activity of normal serum. MB P 206 Microbial Physiology 8 x 13=104hrs 1. Determination of Growth-Growth curve and generation time. 2. Growth yield and molar growth yield of microorganisms on different substrates 3. Determination of optimum pH for growth of bacteria and fungi 4. In dole acetic acid production by bacteria and fungi in vitro 5. Colorimetric or Spectrophotometer estimations of proteins DNA, RNA and sugars 6. Estimation of microbial enzymes-amylase, protease, invertase, cellulose, lipase, catalase and phosphates. 7. Determination of Km and V max/ 8. Lipids, specification value of fat, iodine number of fatty acids 9. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for proteins. 10. Qualitative analysis of Cyanobacterial photosynthesis. 11. Extraction and separation of Aflatoxins by paper chromatography. I Semester B.Sc. Examination, November/December 2008 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY-I Basic Microbiology and Control of Micro Organisms Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, and draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 2) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada. I. PV UU Gvj: (5x2=10) 1) D E SAU gj. 2) wP w v aPj wU sz r. 3) JP AzP JAzg? 4) Eg JAzg? 5) di yAij Ds r C j. Answer the following: 1) Write the importance of oil immersion lens. 2) Differentiate between an antiseptic agent and a sanitizer.

3) What is an electron gun? 4) Define incineration. 5) Explain germ theory of disease. II. F PV Aiizzg UU Gvj. (4x5=20) 6) PUjP Pftz OavU nir. 7) EP PuAi PAivv, gZ v RvAi j. 8) zsgt gAUUPAi vv v PAi zs j. 9) Q Pgt JAzg? g PAi U iw Pr. 10) wgzsPU g. wgzsPU PAi zsz Dzsgz CU VPj U iw Pr. Explain any four of the following: 6) List out the applications of Industrial Microbiology. 7) Describe the working principle, construction and application of Inoculation chamber. 8) Explain the principle and procedure involved in simple staining. 9) What is sterilization? Give an account of membrane filters. 10) Define Antibiotics. Give a brief account of the classification of antibiotics based on their mode of action. III. F PV Aiizzg g UU Gvj. (3x10=30) 11) CPAqg sAU v es ggg Pf Pvz PqUU gj. 12) s PAm PzPz PAiiZgu, gZ v vv j. 13) szvP gAUUP JAzg? Aiizzg MAz zs guvPV j. 14) QPgtz wUV Dq, Plj CAiA PAAq, Jy DPq v zgz U iw Pr. 15) n v PPq wgzsPU , PAivv v GAiUU j. Answer any three of the following: 11) Describe in detail the contributions of Alexander Fleming and Joseph Lister. 12) Give a detailed account of the working principle, construction and applications of phase contrast microscope. 13) What is differential staining? Explain any one technique in detail. 14) Give an account of aldehydes, quaternary ammonium compounds, ethylene oxide and alcohols as sterilizing agents. 15) Describe the source, mode of action and uses of Nystatin and cyclohexamide. I Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2008 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY-II Microbial Taxonomy and Cultural Techniques Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, and draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 2) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada.

I. PV UU Gvj: (5x2=10) 1) g aAi tzU j. 2) izs JAzg? Gzgu r. 3) zg JAzg? Czg RvAi w 4) zw P JAzg? Gzgu r. 5) jmP PAU JAzg? Gzgu r. I. Answer the following: 1) Mention the pigments present in Cyan bacteria. 2) What is an enriched media? Give an example. 3) What is slime layer? Give its significance. 4) What are photographs? Give an example. 5) What are perifricus flagella? Give an example. II. PPAq Aiizzg UU Gvj: (4x5=20) 6. sjAii gZ v AU AvvwAi t. 7. U MAz W nt gj. 8. gtU zs UtPtU j. 9. P f tU JAzg? zAqt tUAi PgSAi Za. 10. P f tUAi .JZ. s g CA Za. I. Answer any four of the following: 6) Describe structure and asexual reproduction in Fusarium. 7) Write a short note on Pili. 8) Explain the general properties of viruses. 9) Define growth and discuss bacterial growth curve. 10) Discuss the effect of pH on the growth of micro organisms. III. PPAq Aiizzg g U Gvj: (3x10=30) 11) CUjP gZ v eP ZPz U gj. 12) P iz U gj. 13) av v HIV gt U gj v Czg vz U nt gj. 14) KPt fU zs jwAi Ut P iqz t. 15) z Czs JAzg? zs AgPu zsU U gj. III. Answer any three of the following: 11) Describe the morphology and life cycle in Agaricus. 12) Give a detailed account of Mycoplasma. 13) Describe structure of HIV with a neat labeled diagram. Add a note on its significance. 14) Describe the various methods of enumeration of bacteria. 15) What is pure culture? Discuss the Different methods involved in its maintenance. III Semester B.Sc. Examination, November/December 2008 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY-III Microbial Physiology and Microbial Genetics

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, and draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 2) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada. I. PV UU Gvj: (5x2=10) 1. q Aq gj. 2. Gav Q JAzg? 3. QAiiq JAzg? 4. H2+O2 H2wQAiAi JP z v JP Pjz AiizAz w. 5. i Pw JAzg? I. Answer the following: 1. Draw the peptide bond. 2. What is free energy? 3. What is a nucleotide? 4. In the reaction H2+O2 H2O. What is the electron donor and What is the electron acceptor? 5. What is a silent mutation? II. F PV Aiizzg UU Gvj: (4x5=20 Marks) 6. smsjAz m Avz sj U vVz? 7. PwU Cu v DAiAi q vU vQ. 8. Cmm zUPAi AQV t. 9. q P gZAi AQV t. 10. wm zsz PUPAi PU P PAiiZguAi t. II. Answer any four of the following: 6. How does substrate level phosphorylation differ from photophosphorylation ? 7. Distinguish between screening and selection of mutants. 8. Briefly describe the acetate fermentation. 9. Describe in brief the structure of double helix. 10. Describe the operation of replication fork in the theta mode of replication. III. F PV Aiizzg g UU Gvj: (3x10=30 Marks) 11. ddP DQqAU zAqt, nsAU zAqt v UAzsP DQqAU zAqt QAi GvzAi t. 12. m PAPgt, Z v GvAi zuAiAU Qtz ZlnP U zUvz? 13. nP D ZP GsAiPw y. 14. v JZ.Js. Dg. AAiUz PAizs t. 15. zAqt AiiU mf JAzg? III. Answer any three of the following: 11. Describe energy production by hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. 12. How does enzyme activity change with substrate concentration, pH and temperature? 13. Citric acid cycle is amphibiotic. Justify. 14. Describe F+ x F- and Hfr. Conjugation in detail.

15. How does transposition usually occur in bacteria and what happens to the target site? What is meant by replication of transposition? IV Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2009 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY-IV MBP-401 Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biophysics Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, 2)draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 3) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada. I. PV UU Gvj: (2x5=10) 1) zsjt gt 2) n.Dg. J.J Ai CAVPj P 3) AP 4) QK 5) grAiQgt PAiP. I. Answer the following: 1) Leader sequence 2) Acceptor arm of t-RNA 3) Linkers 4) Nucleases 5) Radio active decay. II. PPAq Aiizzg U Gvj: (4x5=20) 6) g dP vAiijPAi g dP wAzsPU Za. 7) Ji.Dg.J.J Ai gZ v PAi zs j. 8) zs j gPvAi j. 9) DUQjAii zsP v UuAi j. 10) tzg tuAi j. II. Answer any four of the following: 6) Discuss protein inhibitors of protein synthesis. 7) Describe the structure and function of mRNA. 8) Explain insertional inactivation. 9) Explain Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. 10) Describe thin layer Chromatography. III. PPAq Aiizzg g U Gvj: (3x10=30) 11) ns Ng j. 12) q Pz Rz PtU U .Ai. PU j. 13) r.J.J U PAz PtU t. 14) CUg e JPsg j. Dg.Js.J.Ai U W nt j. 15) tu AiAvz Ai, gZ U GAiUU j. III. Answer any three of the following: 11) Explain the Tryptophan operon.

12) Discuss the salient features of Plasmid vectors and describe the PUC series. 13) Describe in detail DNA manipulative enzymes. 14) Explain Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Add a note on RFLP. 15) Explain the principle, construction and applications of Chromatography. V Semester B.Sc. Examination, Nov,/Dec. 2007 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY-V Agriculture and Environmental Microbiology Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, 2)draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 3) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada. I. J UU Gvj: (2x5=10) 1) tAi 2) fjQAi 3) EAAfg 4) i Azsz UtPtU 5) AimP. Answer all the questions: 1) Phylloplane 2) Beijerinckia 3) Impingers 4) List out any four salient features of VAM fungi 5) Eutrophication. II. Aiiz U Gvj: 6) A Gg Ai U t. 7) MUgPAi jQ zQAi QAivAi j. 8) eP gP JAzg? vz eP gPAi U gj. 9) f s gAiP ZPU JAzg? UAzsPz ZP j. 10) AQV svz AQgUz Pgt, aU, v vnAi iU j. Answer any four of the following: 6) Describe vertical cylinder trap. 7) Describe the clinical procedure involved in Allergy testing. 8) Define Bioleaching. Describe the process involved in Bioleaching of Copper. 9) What are Biogeochemical cycles? Explain sulphur cycle. 10) Explain briefly the cause, symptoms and control measures related to Blast disease of rice. III. Aiiz g U Gvj: 11) vAP ghP PAi Pgt , PtU v AiAvtz zsU w. 12) PtfU EgvP PgvP AU j. 13) j iz eP ZPU j. PsgA jPAi j.

14) w AAvz UAz gvP eP PAlPU Za. 15) fU gdP jPgtz MUAq zsU j. Answer any three of the following: 11) Describe the causative organism, symptoms and control measures involved in Tobacco mosaic disease. 12) Describe the different kinds of positive interactions involved among microorganisms. 13) Name the biological indicators of water pollution. Describe coli form test. 14) Discuss the biohazards in occupational environment related to Air. 15) Explain the mechanism involved in symbiotic Nitrogen fixation. V Semester B.Sc. Examination, Nov,/Dec. 2008 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY-VI Food and Dairy Microbiolgoy Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, 2)draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 3) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada. I. J UU Gvj: (5x2=10) 1) CsmQ C aj. 2) ddPz Hv JAzg? 3) F J...AiiV KP vg? 4) j nt gj. 5) Dg..f.JZ.JAzg? I. Answer all questions: 1) Define aflatoxin. 2) What is hydrogen swell? 3) Why is yeast used as SCP? 4) Write a note on resourfin. 5) What is rBGH? II. Aiiz U Gvj: (4x5=20) 6) Dgz PqPAi zs U U iw Pr. 7) Ptf jPAi Aqq vm JtPAi U AQ nt gj. 8) KP fP vU U nt gj. 9) PSAi Dg.r.J.J vAv e U GAiVvg? 10) Pt fUAzAmU nAii U gj. II. Answer any four questions: 6) Give an account of different sources of contamination of food. 7) Write a brief note on standard plate count in microbial examination of milk. 8) Write a note on single cell oils. 9) How is rDNA technology applied in Dairy industry? 10) Describe proteolysis caused by microorganisms in milk.

III. Aiiz g U Gvj: (3x10=30) 11) gAiP AgPPU v QgtU GAiV Dg AgPu iqz j. 12) lA Pjv gz guAi Pr. 13) g Pt fU UU nir. 14) AgPuAi jPgt v fPgt zsU gV j. 15) Vt GvzAi zs AvU j. III. Answer any three of the following: 11) Explain preservation of food using chemical preservatives and radiation. 12) Give a detailed account of botulism. 13) Describe the diversity of microorganisms in Milk. 14) Describe in detail the process of pasteurization and sterilization as methods of preservation of milk. 15) Explain the steps in cheese production. VI Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2008 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY(Paper-VII) Immunology and Medical Microbiology Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, 2)draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 3) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada. I. J UU Gvj: (5x2=10) 1) gPz CUg izs 2) v PtU 3) J 4) w PtU 5) v Answer the following: 1) Blood Agar 2) Macrphages. 3) ELISA 4) Memory Cells 5) Virulence. II. PPAq Aiizzg UU Gvj: (4x5=20) 6) gP JAzg? Czg Ut PtU j. 7) j DAPAi U gV gj 8) .Ji.L v J.Ji.L C zs r. 9) zqgz gU sv v uAi U g r. 10) jPAAm PU U iw r. Answer any four of the following: 6) What is complement? Describe its properties. 7) Write a brief account on bacillary dysentery.

8) Differentiate between CMI and AMI. 9) Describe the transmission and occurrence of measles. 10) Give an account on recombinant vaccines. III. PPAq Aiizzg g U Gvj. (3x10=30) 11) Cw Az JAzg? Czg zs PgU GzguAi v j. 12) Cwg gUz , gU Pt, zs v GZgz vvU Za. 13) gzsdP-gzs wQAiAi Aiizzg g j. 14) Z gUz, , u v gUdvAi Za. 15) iP f AP JAzg? i zgUP Czg PqUU g. Answer any three of the following: 11) What is hypersensitivity? Expalin the different types with suitable example 12) Discuss the etiology, clinical symptoms, lab diagnosis and treatment of cholera 13) Explain any three types of antigen antibody reactions. 14) Discuss the etiology, transmission and pathogenicity of rabies. 15) What is normal flora? Give a brief account of how it helps in maintaining health of human body. VI Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2008 (Semester Scheme) MICROBIOLOGY-(Paper-VIII) Industrial Microbiology and Microbial Technology Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60 Instructions: 1) Answer All questions, 2)draw diagrams Whenever necessary. 3) Answers should be written completely either in English or in Kannada. I. PPAq U Gvj: (5x2=10) 1) Ai DqP. 2) zV gU. 3) JZ..J. 4) QlgU 5) zs r. I. Answer the following: 1) Aeration. 2) Bakers yeast 3) HPLC 4) Chelators. 5) Malt. II. PPAq Aiizzg U Gvj: (4x5=20) 6) Pzrz Ai zUP AiAv avzAU t. 7) C Qtz vAiijP zs w. 8) gP PgPU UtPtU j. 9) zs jwAi sP izsU t.

10) As tuAi P AAiPU Pj zsU j. II. Answer any four of the following: 6) Explain with a neat labeled diagram stirred aearated fermentor 7) Give an account of amylase production. 8) List out the properties of an ideal antifoam agent. 9) Describe the different types of natural media. 10) Explain the methods of purification of compounds by column chromatography. III. PPAq Aiizzg g U Gvj: (3x10=30) 11) E OzP vAiijP zs t. 12) eP EAzs JAzg? eP C vAiijP WlPz it gZ v PAiRjAi j. 13) zAqt eP QlPUAzg? Czg PAiRjAi t. 14) PUjPAi zs jwAi sz CzsAi j. 15) zUPAi GvU zs PgU AZAi jwU t. III. Answer any three of the following: 11) Explain the industrial production of human insulin. 12) What are biofuels? Describe the constrction and working principle of a biogas plant. 13) What are bacterial biopesticides? Explain their mode of action. 14) Explain the various methods involved in strain improvement. 15) Describe the different steps involved in the recovery of fermentation products. BOTANY SYLLABI I Semester PAPER-I DIVERSITY OF NON-VASCUALR PLANTS PART-1 (Introduction to Microbiology, Viruses, Immunology, Bacteria, Cynobacteria and Physiology) UNIT 1: Aim and scope of Microbiology, a general account of microbes from soil, air and water; Viruses-History and discovery of viruses, contribution of Adolf Mayer, Iwanowsky, Beijerink, W.M. Stanley, Twort, Zinder and Lederberg and Andre Lwaff in virology. Status of viruses in biology (Living & non-living characteristics) HIV-ultra structure, infection and multiplication; common plant diseases; e.g. Mosaic of Tobacco, Yellow mosaic of Beans and papaya leaf curl; a brief account of viroids, prions, interferons and their importance; Mycoplasma-general account and study of sandal spike disease. Immunology a brief account and immunosystems, application of immunotechniques in agriculture, medicine and industry; ELISA method to detect viruses and plant diseases; monoclonal antibodies. (45hrs) UNIT 2:Bacteria A general account of occurrence in air, water and soil, Contribution of Leeuwenhock, Louis Pasteur, Fred Griffith, Mc Carty, Mc leod, Leaderberg and Tatum, Chemistry and structure of Gram +ve and Gram 0ve bacterial cell walls, ultra structure of endospore; a brief account of plasmids, transposing and drug resistance; bacterial physiologyphotographs and chemotropism; reproduction-binary fission, genetic recombination;

importance of bacteria in agriculture (as natural scavenger and biofertilizer), medicine (Source of antibiotics) and industry (curing of tea, tobacco and leather, manufacture of organic acids). Study of any 2 common plant diseases (Citrus canker and Leaf spot disease) UNIT 3: Cyanobacteria A general account of occurrence, thalus structure, ultra structure of the cell, photosynthesis, reproduction, economic importance as biofertilizers and food (Spiraling SCP), role in causing water pollution (Water blooms and their effect); Type study Scytonema, Anabaena and Spirulina. UNIT 4: Physiology a general account of algae; phallus structure, pigmentation and classification of algae; economic importance of algae as food, biofertilizers and medicines. UNIT 5: Study of distribution, phallus structure, reproduction and live cycle of Chlamydomonas, Volvos, Oedogonium, Char, Ectocarpus, polysiphonia (Notedevelopmental aspects not required) (MYCOLOGY, LICHENS, MYCORRHIZA, PLANT PATHOLOGY, BRYOPHYTES AND PLANT ANATOMY) UNIT 1: Mycology A general account of fungi and classification; occurrence, structure, reproduction and life cycle of Albugo, Peziza, Puccini a and Cercospora. 10hrs UNIT 2: Economic importance of Fungi-Role of Fungi in medicines, agriculture and industry. Lichens-General account, structure and reproduction, economic importance of lichens; Mycorrhiza-a general account. 10hrs UNIT 3: Plant pathology A general account of symptoms, causal organism and management of Koleroga, smut, Blast disease of Rice, Red rot of sugarcane and Coffee rust. 5hrs UNIT 4: Bryophytes A general account and classification; distribution, structure, reproducation and alternation of generations of Marchantia, Anthoceros and Funaria. 10hrs UNIT 5: Plant Anatomy Meristematic tissues-structure, function and classification; Tunicacorpus theory, Histogen theory and Pro-meristem concept; Permanent tissues A general account of simple, complex and secretary tissues; Secondary growth-origin and activity of vascular cambium and cork cambium in dicot stem (eg: Hibiscus); Wood anatomy-a brief account; Anomalous secondary growth-Boerhaavia and Dracaena. 10hrs Semester II-Practical II Identification and classification of fungal members included in the theory Study of Lichens Study of Mycorrhiza Study of Plant diseases included in the theory Study of forms of Bryophytes included in the theory Free hand sections of Tridax stem, Grass/Maize stem, Boerhaavia stem, Cicer, Dracaena stem and Canna root. II Semester Practical Question Paper II

1. Identify the specimens, A,B & C with labeled diagrams and reasons 3x 3=9 2. Prepare a temporary Safranin stained T.S. of the material D Sketch, label & identify with reason, leave the preparation for evaluation. 1 x 5=5 3. Write critical notes on E. 1x 2=2 4. Identify the slides F.G & H with labeled diagrams and reasons. 3x 3=9 5. Class record and submissions 3+2=5 Scheme of Valuation 1. Two specimens from fungi & one from Bryophyte (Identification -1 mark, Labelled diagram with reasons- 2 marks) 2. Any one of the following may be given Stem of Sunflower/Maize, Root of Cicer or Canna (Staining & Mounting -2 marks, Sketch & Labeling-1 mark, Identification with reasons-1 mark) 3. One diseased plant/Lichens. (Identification-1mark & Critical points-1 mark) 4. One from Bryophytes, One from Fungi & One from Anatomy) (Identification-1 mark, Labelled diagrams with reasons-2 marks) 5. Submissions 3 herbarium sheets from plant Pathology + Class records (Marks 2+3) III Semester UNIT-1 Pteridophytes A general account, classification, distribution, structure and reproduction of Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Osmunda and Mars ilea (Developmental stages not required). 10hrs UNIT 2 A brief account of stellar evolution, heterospory and seed habit. Pale botany Process of fossilization, types of fossils, geological time scale, methods of studying fossils; Contribution of eminent Indian Paleobatanist Birbal Sahani, a brief account of Rhynia, Calamites (Stem), Cycadeoidea and Cordaites UNIT 3 Environmental Biology-Introduction and scope of Environment Biology Environmental factors (climatic, edapahic, biotic) Ecosystem concept, components, study of marine, grassland and cropland ecosystems. Ecosystem management- soil reclamation, watershed management & remote sensing. 10hrs UNIT 4 Ecological Succession Hydro sere, Xerosere Ecological adaptations- Hydrophytes, Xerophytes, Halophytes, Epiphytes and Parasites. Pollution- Air, Water and Soil pollution and controlling measures, Acid Rain, Green House effect, Ozone depletion and Nuclear winter. Conservation of natural resources- Over exploitation of natural resources, methods of soil conservation, social forestry. 10hrs. UNIT 5 Conservation of plant diversity- Role of seed bank, gene bank and pollen bank. Man and biosphere. Phytogeography phytogeographical regions of India, vegetation types of Karnataka state. 5hrs Semester III- Practical III

Identification and classification of Pteridophytes examples studied in the theory Paleobotany Study of specimens and slides Study of one example for each adaptation (specimens and slides) Marking of vegetational types on Karnataka map Submission of 5 permanent free hand sections (Both Pteridophytes and ecological adaptations). Reference 1. Agashe, S.N. (1995). Paleobotany. Plants of the past, their evolution. Paleoenvironment and application in exploration of fossil fuels. Oxford & I.B.H. New Delhi. 2. Ambasht A text book of Plant Ecology. L.B. Publishers. 3. Chandra, S. Pteridology in the new millennium International Book Suppliers, New Delhi. 4. Croizal L. (1952). Manual of Phytogeography 5. Delevoirs, Palaeobotany. 6. Odum, E.P. (1971) Plant Ecology W.B. Sanderson Co., Philadelphia. 7. Pandey, Botany Vol. II Chand Publication. 8. Parihar, N.S. (1977) The morphology of pteridophytes. Central Book Depot, Allahabad. 9. Polumine N. (1950) Introduction to Plant Geography. Longmans Publishers. London. 10. Rashid A. (1998) An Introuduction to Pteridophyta 2nd ed., Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 11. Sharma, P.D. (1993) Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, New Delhi. 12. Sporne, K.R. (1996) The morphology of pteridophytes The structure of ferns and allied plants. Hutchinson University Library, London. 13. Sundarajan, S. (1997) College Botany Vol. II Himalaya Publication. 14. Trivedi A text book of Environmental Sciences L.B. Publishers. 15. Vasishta, B.R. Pteridophyta S Chand & Co. Ltd New Delhi. 16. Yadav Fossils L.B. Publishers. IV Semester Practical Question Paper 1. Identify and classify speciamen A and B giving reasons 3x2=6 2. Identify the slides C.D and E with reasons and labeled diagrams 3x3=9 3. Mount the endosperm/embryo of specimen F and comment 4x1=4 4. Comment on G 3x1=3 5. Class Record and Permanent Slides 3+2=5 Scheme of Valuation 1 Gymnosperms (Identification & Classification -1 mark, Reasons -2 marks). 2. 1-Gymnosperm slide; 2-Embryology slides Embryology slides may include anther sections, ovary sections, types of ovules, Placentation and embryo) (Identification-1 mark; Reasons-1 mark, Diagram-1 mark) 3. Endosperm/Embryo (Mounting-3 marks; Comment-1 mark) 4. Pollen germination, Types of Pollen grains and pollinia (Diagram-1 mark, Comment-2 marks) 5. Submissions 3 free hand permanent slides of Gymnosperm/mounting of pollen grains/pollinia + Class records (Marks: 2+3) III Semester Practical Question Paper 1. Identify and classify specimen A and B giving reasons. 3x2=6

2. Identify the slides C and D with reasons and diagrams. 3x2=6 3. Comment on Slide/specimen/photocopy/photograph of E 3x1=3 4. Identify and comment on ecological adaptations of F and G 2x2 =5 5. Estimate the O2/Chloride content of the given sample H 5 6. Class Record and Slides 3+2=5 Scheme of Valuation 1. Pteridophytes (Identification & Classification-1 mark; Reasons-2 marks) 2. Pteridophytes (Identification-1 mark; Reasons-1 mark; Diagram-1 mark) 3. Fossil material (Identification- 1 mark; Comment-2 mark) 4. Specimens/Slides (Identification- mark; Comment-2 marks) 5. O2/Chloride content (Conducting the experiment-2 marks, Principle and Procedure-2 marks; Result-1 mark) 6. Submissions 5 free hand permanent slides of pteridophytes and Ecological specimens + Class records (Marks: 2+3)

IV SEMESTER PAPER-IV-GYMNOSPERMS AND EMBRYOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS 45 hrs UNIT-1 Gymnosperms- General account and classification, distribution, structure and reproduction of Pinus and Gnetum (Developmental stages not required) 10 hrs UNIT-2 Embryology of Angiosperms Anther structure, development and anthesis Male gametophyte: Microsporogenesis, development of male gametophyte, role of tapetum during pollen development, concept of male germ unit (MGU), aberrant development of male gametophyte (pollen of apertures, shapes, size and pollen wall architecture or palynology) Ovule: types (orthotroupous, anatropous, campylotroupus, amphitrophous and circinotropous) 10hrs UNIT-3 Female gametophyte: Megasporogenesis, study of types of embryo sac (monosporic, Bisporic & tetrasporic with one example of each type. Fertilization: Concept of female germ unit, Pollen- pistil interaction, entry of pollen tube into the stigma, style and into female gametophyte, post fertilization changes, double fertilization, preferential fertilization and polyspermy. 10 hrs UNIT-4 Endosperm: Types (Nuclear, Cellar, Helobial), endosperm haustorias (Goreville, Cucumis), ruminate endosperm (a brief account). Embryo: Classification (Scharts system), development embryo (Grass) 5 hrs

UNIT-5 Apomixes and Polyembryony- a brief account, parthenocarpy and control of fertilization. Embryology in relation to taxonomy-ex. Traps, Exocarpus & Peeonia Experimental Embryology: Concept of Tot potency, Basic culture methods. Nutrient Media (MS and Whites) Tissue and organ culture (Ovary, Seed, Anther, Embryo, Endosperm, Nucleolus, Cell and Protoplast culture). Practical applications of plant tissue culture. Somatic hybridization, Parthenocarpy and control of fertilization. 10 hrs Semester IV-Practical IV - Study of gymnosperm materials included in the theory - Study of microsporogenesis and male gametophyte - Pollen embryology-Grass, Acacia, Mimosa, Pollinia of Calotropis - Germination of pollen grain-eg. Vinca by Hanging drop method - Types of Ovules - Types of Placentaions - Development of female gametophyte - Mounting endosperm of Cucumis/Grevillea - Mounting of embryo of Triadx/mustard References 1. Bhatnagr, S.P. and Moitre, A Gymnosperms New Age Publications, New Delhi. 2. Bhojwani, S.S & Bhatnagr, S.P. (1979) The embryology of angiosperms. Vikas pub, New Delhi. 3. Coulter & Chamberline (1964) Morphology of Gymnosperms. Central Book Depot 4. Johri B.M. (1984) Embryology of Angiosperms. Spinger-verlag, Berlin. 5. Maheshwari, P. (1950) An Introudction to Embryology or Angiosperms. Tata McGraw Hill, New York. 6. Shukla, A.K. (1999) Biology of pollen Atlas books & Periodicals. 7. Sporne K.R (1974) The morphology of Gymnosperms, Hutchinson & co London. 8. Sundrajan, S. College Botany Vol II Himalaya Publication. 9. Swamy B.G.L. From Flower to Seed. 10. Vashista, B.R. Gymnosperms S Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi V Semester Paper V- Taxonomy and Economic Botany 40 hrs UNIT-1 Principles of Taxonomy- A brief account of classical and modern taxonomy, systems of classification and species concept; History of Taxonomy- Broad outlines of classification proposed by Bent ham and Hooker, Engle and Prantl & Croquist; Entnobotany- A brief account and its importance; Plant Nomenclature-Binomial system & ICBN Principles and aims, a brief account of recent trends in taxonomy-Chemotaxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, Numerical taxonomy and computer application in systematic. 8 hrs UNIT-2 Field and Herbarium techniques, Herbaria, Botanical gardens, Floras and their importance, Botanical survey of India and its functions; Study of the following families according to engler & Prantl Hydrocharitaceae, Poaceae, Musaceae, Orchidaceac, Amaranthaceae, Magnoliaceae, Annonaceae. 8hrs.

UNIT 3 Study of the following families according to Engler & Prantl Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Rutacate, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Teliaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae. UNIT- 4 Study of the following families according to Engler & Prantl Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaccae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Asteraceae. UNIT-5 Economic Botany- (cultivation, methods need not be discussed). Cereals & Millets-Wheat, Rice, Jowar & Ragi Pulses Pigeon pea, Black gram & Bengal gram Oils & Fats- Groundnut, Coconut, Safflower Fibers-Cotton, Jute and Coir Beverages- Coffee, Tea and Cocoa Spices- Cardamom, Clove & Cinnamomum Sugar & Starch- Sugarcane, Beet root, Potato and Tapioca. Timber Teak & Rose wood Paper & Pulp-Bamboo & Eucalyptus Narcotic plants-Ganja & Opium Medicinal plants-Sarpagandha, Catharanthus, Azadirachta (Mention botanical names, family, parts used & uses 8hrs Semester V- Practical V - Study of taxonomic characters of families included in theory (at least 2 genera should be studied from each family). - Modification of stem, root, leaf, inflorescence and fruits. - Study of economically important plants covered in theory and to identify with botanical names, families, part used and uses. - Submission of 05 herbarium specimens (Locally available weeds). - Study of local flora by arranging local collection trips. References 1. Dutta, S.C. (1988) Systematic Botany Wiley Eastern, New Delhi 2. Ganguli & Kar. (1970) College Botany. 2nd Ed New Central Book Agency, Calcutta. 3. Hill (1989) Economic Botany. Tata macGraw Hill, New York. 4. Jaques, H.E. (1999) Plant Families How to know them. IBS, New Delhi. 5. Kumar H.D. Economic Botany. 6. Lawerence, G.H.M (1951) Taxonomy of vascular plants. MacMillan, New York. 7. Mitra, Guha & Choudhry Studies of Botany Vol. I & II, Molik Library, Calcutta. 8. Pandey Economic Botany S Chand & Co Publication. 9. Sambamurthy, A.V.S.S & Subramanyam (1989) A text book of Economic Botany Weiley Eastern Publication, New Delhi. 10. Shukla, P. An Introudction to Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Atlas Books, New Delhi. 11. Shivaranjan, V. Principles of Taxonomy. Oxford & IBH Publication. 12. Stace, C.A. (1989) Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics Cambridge University Publication, USA 13. Stebbins Flowering Plants-Evolution above the species level Arnold Publication London, 14. Sundarajan S. College Botany Vol. III Himalaya Publication. 15. Trivedi & Sharma. Taxonomy of Angiosperms. L.B. Publications. V Semester Practical Question Paper V

Time: 2 Hours Max Marks: 30 1. Assign the specimens A, B and C to their respective families giving diagnostic features. 3x3=9 2. Describe D in technical terms, draw the floral diagram with floral formula of the same. 6x1=6 3. Identify the specimens E.F, G, H & I and highlight their morphological, biological economic importance. 2x5=10 4. Record and Herbarium submission 3+2=5 Scheme of Valuation 1. 1- Archichlamydeae, 1- Metachlamydeae & 1-Monocot / Archichlamydeae. (Identification- mark; Classification mark; Important characters -2marks) 2. 1 Plant for technical description and floral diagram.(Technical details-3 marks; Floral diagram-2 marks; Floral formula-1 mark) 3. 2 for root, stem or leaf modification; 1 for inflorescence; 1 for fruit and 1 economic product. (Identification- mark; Diagram- mark; Description-1 mark) 4. Submissions 5 herbarium specimens locally available weeds + Class records (Marks: 2+3) V Semester Practical Question Paper VI Time: 2 Hours Max Marks: 30 1. Prepare a temporary mitotic squash of material A 6 2. Prepare a temporary meiotic squash of material B 6 3. Identify and Comment on C 3 4. Identify and comment on the stages D and E 6 5. Solve the Genetic problem F 4 6. Submission of Record and Slides 3+2=5 Scheme of Valuation 1. Preparation- 4 marks; Identification of stages-1 mark; Diagram-1 mark 2. Preparation-4 marks; Identification of stages-1 mark; Diagram-1 mark 3. Karyotype-slide or sketch/Salivary gland/slide of sketch (Identification-1mark; Diagaram-1 mark; Description-1 mark) 4. One slide from mitosis and One slide from meiosis (Idendtification-1 mark; Diagaram-1 mark; Description-1 mark) 5. Problems from i) Dihybrid cross and Test cross ii) Incomplete Dominance iii) Complementary factor iv) Supplementary factor v) Epistasis 6. Submissions: 3 permanent mitotic and 2 meiotic slides +Class records (Marks: 2+3) V Semester Paper VI-Cytology, Genetics, Evolution and Plant Breeding 40 hrs UNIT 1 CYTOLOGY Principle and uses Fluorescent microscope and electron microscope; Chromosome structure and number; Karyotype & idiogram, nucleosome concept, chromosomal basis of heredity, polyploidy, aneuploidy and euploidy- general account of their significance,

Chromosomal aberrations. 8 hrs UNIT- 2 Mitosis- Phases, Mitotic apparatus, cytokines is, mitotic inhibitors, significance of mitosis; Meiosis- Phases of meiotic cycle, cytological proof of crossing over, synaptonemal complex. 8 hrs. UNIT-3 GENETICS Introduction, Mendelian laws-in complete dominance, interaction of genesSupplementary, complementary, epitasis, multiple factor inheritance (plant example), linkage & over. 8hrs. UNIT-4 Extra chromosomal inheritance- Plasmid DNA, cytoplasm male sterility and its role in hybrid seed production. 8 hrs UNIT-5 EVOLUTION Origin of life, theories of evolution, modern concepts of evolution, role of mutations in evolution. PLANT BREEDING Historical account and objectives and plant breeding Vegetative propagation methods (underground plant parts and isolated Plant parts-cutting, grafting, layering, gootee, clones) Hybridization (intergenoeric and interspecific), maintenance of germplasm, pollen banks, quarantine methods. 8 hrs Semester V- Practical V - Preparation of cytological stains (Acetocarmine and Acetoorcein) - Alliums root tip to study mitosis - Allium flower buds to study meiosis - Study of permanent slides mitosis and meiosis - Karyotgpe of Allium cepa - Salivary gland chromosome - Solving genetic problems related to theory portion - Submission-Records & Permanent Slides (5 Slides). References 1. Botter Text book of genetics. L.B. Publications 2. Chahal Principles and procedures of Plant Breeding. L.B. Publications 3. Gopalakrishnan, T.S. ltta Sambasivaiah & Kamalakar Rao. Principles of organic evolution. 4. Gupta, P.K. Cytology, Geentics & Evolution, Rastogi, Publication. 5. Hughes Plant Molecular Geentics. L.B. Publications. 6. Khanna, S.S. Genetics. Heredity & Evolution. 7. Klug Concept of Genetics. 7th ed L.B. Publication. 8. Singh Cytology & Genetics L.B. Publications. 9. Sinha and Sinha Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding & Evolution. Vikas Publications. 10. Sinnot E.W. Dunn, L.C. & Dobzonsky T (1958) Principles of Genetics. Tata MaGraw Hill New York. 11. Stickburger, M. (1990) Genetics 3rd (Eds). MacMillan Publishing Company.

VI Semester Paper VII-Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology and Plant Physiology-I (Plant Water Relations) 40 hrs UNIT-1 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Introduction, identification of genetic materials. Chemical nature and replication of genetic material, genetic code, non genetic RNA, Biosynthesis of proteins, regulation of gene action in prokaryotes and eukaryotes 8 hrs UNIT-2 GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY A concise account of methods used in Recombinant DNA technology, DNA (Gene) libraries, screening a genomic DNA Library, application of genetic engineering technology in agriculture, horticulture and floriculture. A brief account on hazards and safe guards of genetic engineering technology. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Uses of microbes in industry and agriculture; fermentation production of ethanol; production of enzymes- Amylases; production of antibiotics Penicillin: Production of single cell protein-Spiraling. 8hrs. UNIT-3 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY-I Water relations of a plant cell-importance of water, diffusion, osmosis, water potential osmotic potential, pressure potential, membrane and their permeability. Absorption of water & Ascent of sap-Mechanism of water absorption, factors affecting rate of water absorption 8 hrs UNIT-4 Mechanism of ascent of sap-vital and physical force theories. Loss of water Transpiration, kinds, structures involved, stomata dynamics, stomata mechanism, role of transpiration in plants, factors affecting transpiration, anti-Tran spirants, gestation. 8 hrs UNIT-5 Mineral Nutrition in Plants-Major & Minor elements. Their deficiency symptoms, role of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, boron and molybdenum in plant nutrition. Ion antagonism Phloem transport-Transport of organic solutes (using radioactive tracers autoradiography), vein lading and unloading. Transport tracers mechanisms (Tran cellular or streaming hypothesis; contractile protein hypothesis, mass flow hypothesis, electro osmosis) source sink concept. 8hrs Semester VI- Practical VII - Qualitative tests for starch, protein, reducing sugar and lipids. - Streaming of protoplasm to show cyclosis - Determination of pH of plant samples by using indicators - Determination of osmotic potential of cell sap by plasmolytic method - Determination of stomatal index by quick fix method - Study of structure of stomata in Hydrophytes, Mesophytes and Xerophytes - Study of suction force due to transpiration - Study of deficiency symptoms (Chlorosis, necrosis etc) - Hydroponics - Study of Phloem transport by ringing experiment - Study of mass flow hypothesis

Visit to local industries to study the manufacture of ethanol/enzymes/antibiotic/single cell protein. References 1. Devlin. Plant Physiology. 2. Joshi, P. Genetic engineering and its applications, Panima book distribution. Bangalore. 3. Menetre, S.S. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in crop palnts. International Book distribution. 4. Purohit S.S. Molecular biology and Biotechnology, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. 5. Rajan Plant Physiology L.B. Publication. 6. Ratledge. Basic Biotechnology L.B. Publcations 7. Richardson Translocation in plants ELBS Longman 8. Sawahel and Wagley (1997) Plant genetic engineering, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. 9. Sundrajan College Botany Vol. IV Himalayan Publication. 10. Taiz C & Zeiger E (1998) Plant physiology 2nd Ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers. Massachusetts, USA 11. Vyas, S.P & Kohi, D V Methods in Biotechnology and Bioenginnering, Daya Publishers House, New Delhi. 12. Yadav Biotechnology L.B. Publication. VI Semester Practical Question Paper VIII Time: 2 hours Max Marks: 30 1. Separate the photosynthetic pigments from the sample A by paper chromatography and measure their R f values 10 2. Estimate the ascorbic acid content in the sample B 7 3. Comment on experiments C and D 8 4. Class Record 5 Scheme of Valuation 1. (Requirements-1 mark; Principle -2marks; Procedure-3 marks; Conducting the experiment-2marks; Rf value-2 marks) 2. (Requirements-1 mark; Principle -2marks; Procedure-3 marks; Conducting the experiment-2marks; Result-2 marks) 3. Experiments: a. Photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light b. Respirometer experiment for RQ c. Anaerobic respiration d. Hydrotropism e. Phototropism f. Geotropism (Klnostat experiment) (Comment 4+4) 4. Class Record-5 marks. VI SEMESTER PAPER VIII-PLANT PHYSIOLOGY- II 40hrs UNIT-1 Nitrogen Cycle, Biological nitrogen fixation, nitrate metabolism. Assimilation of ammonia, synthesis of amino acids. EnzymesNomenclature, Classification, chemical composition, purification (Electrophoresis), mechanism of enzyme action, enzyme kinetics, regulation, factors affecting enzyme activity, coenzymes, prosthetic groups and vitamins. 8hrs

UNIT-2 Photosynthesis-Photosynthetic apparatus, principles of light absorption, Emerson enhancement effect, photo systems I and II, chromatography, mechanism of transport of electrons from water to NADP; Photophosphorylation (Cyclic and Non cyclic), carbon dioxide fixation and carbohydrate synthesis (Calvin cycle) using tracer technique, C4 pathway, CAM pathway, factors affecting the process; Photorespirations- structures involved, mechanism and importance. 8hrs. UNIT-3 Respiration-RQ, glycol sis, TCA cycle, ETS and oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis, anaerobic respiration (Alcoholic fermentation), pentose phosphate pathway, significance, factors affecting the process. Photorespiration, site, mechanism & significance. 8hrs UNIT-4 Plant Development-Growth, definition, kinetics, growth promoting substancesaxons, gibberellins, cytokines, ethylene and ABA, their role and application in agriculture and horticulture. A brief account of plant movements (Autonomic and Para tonic). 8hrs UNIT-5 A brief account of dormancy, photoperiodic, phytochrome and its role, the Florien concept, verbalization, biological clocks and biorhythms. Stress Physiology: Water stress, heat stress, salt stress and its importance. 8hrs Semester VI-Practical VIII Separation of Photosynthetic pigments by paper chromatography and measurement of Rf values. Determination of rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light Determination of rate of photosynthesis at various concentrations of Co2 Determination of RQ of carbohydrates, fats and proteins Study of Anaerobic respiration using germinating seeds and mercury Determination of Ascorbic acid content in the plant material Effect of phytohormones on plant growth Study of hydrotropism, phototropism and geotropism. References 1. Denton, Allen and Warmer Photosynthesis. 2. Devlin and With am Plant Physiology 3. Hall Photosynthesis 4th Atlas Publishers, New Delhi 4. Hopkins, W.G. (1995) Introduction to Plant Physiology John Wiley & Sons New York. 5. Jain Plant Physiology 6. Kumar Plant Physiology Education Supplier, Bangalore. 7. Purohit Photosynthesis-Physiology & Biochemistry Agropublishers 8. Pandey & Sinha. Plant Physiology, Vikas Publication. 9. Rabinowitch & Govindjee. Photosynthesis 10. Salisbury and Ross Plant Physiology 11. Sunderajan, S. (1997) College Botany Vol. III Himalaya Publication. 12. Taiz C. & Zeiger E (1998) Plant Physiology 2nd Ed Sinauer Associates, Inc, Publishers, Massachusetts USA. 13. Verma Plant Physiology 14. Wilkins (1998) Advance Physiology, ELBS, Longman.

B.Sc. I Semester Examination, December 2006 (semester Scheme) BOTANY (Paper-I) Introduction to Microbiology, Viruses, Immunology, Bacteria, Cyan bacteria and Physiology Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60 Instructions: 1) Answer all Parts. 2) Draw diagrams Wherever necessary. 3) Answer should be either completely in English or Kannada. A. Aiizzg Dg U Gvj: 1) DAneUAzg? 2) Pt fP EAi Jgq PqUU. 3) QmUAzg ? Gzj. 4) qUAzg? 5) mPi v AmU q Eg v. 6) sP JAzg? 7) EAiAm QAi JAzg? C J Ptqv? 8) Pgz UAq AUt. A. Answer any six of the following: (2x6=12) 1) What are antigens? 2) Mention two contributions of Iwanowsky to the field of microbiology. 3) What are chemotrophs? Give an example. 4) What are Plasmids? 5) Differentiate trichome from filament. 6) What are phycobilins? 7) What is incipient nucleus and where does it occur? 8) Male sex organ of chara. B. Aiizzg Dg U Gvj: 9) JZ.L.Ai AQ zs. 10) P. 11) QjAiiz JAqg 12) gz z gZ. 13) miz PqAiP 14) Dg Pvz QjAiiz DyP Rv 15) aU Pg 16) Av. B. Write notes on any six of the following: (4x6=24) 9) Mode of infection in HIV. 10) Mycoplasma. 11) End spore of Bacteria.

12) Thallus structure of Spiraling. 13) Branching in Scytonema. 14) Economic importance of Cyan bacteria as food. 15) Chloroplast in Green algae. 16) Palmella Stage. C. Aiizzg gP gV j: (8x3=24) 17) iP DAnr JAzg? v Czg RvAi U w. 18) QjAiiz Ui n v UiUn Pw. 19) QjAiiz zs jwAi Av zsU U j. 20) g aUg zs jwAi z gZ U gu Pr. 21) EqUAii AVP AvvwAi j. C. Give detailed account any three of the following: (8x3=24) 17) What are monoclonal antibodies? And add a note on their advantage. 18) Gram +ve and Gram ve cell wall of Bacteria. 19) Describe the different mode of reproduction in cyan bacteria 20) Give an account of the range of thallium structure in Green algae. 21) Describe the process of Sexual reproduction in oedogonium. B.Sc. I Semester Examination, April/May 2005 (semester Scheme) BOTANY (Paper-II) Diversity of Non-Vascular Plants (Mycology, Lichens, Mycorrhiza, Plant Pathology, Bryophytes and Plant Anatomy) Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60 Instructions: 1) Answer all the questions. 2) Draw diagrams Wherever necessary. A. Answer any six of the following: (2x6=12) 1) gm v i UU q vU Ugw. 2) DAvf g AzsUAzg? j. 3) AzsU AU AAi Aiizzg zsU j. 4) AzsUAzAmU Aiizzg Jgq i gUU GT; C gUPgP fU eP gU gj. 5) sd JAzg? CAQv tUAi Czg v? 6) mP PU U mP PU q vU Ugw. 7) zg zUPAiAzg? CzjAzU AidU? 8) ji JAzg? sjAiiz etPz Czg v? 1) Mention four differences between liverworts and mosses. 2) What is endorphin mycorrhiza? Explain.

3) Name any four methods of asexual reproduction in fungi. 4) Mention any two human diseases caused by fungi; name the causative organisms. 5) What is philologer? What is its role in secondary growth? 6) Differentiate between latex vessels and latex cells. 7) What is wood-seasoning? What are its advantages? 8) What is periscope? What is its role in Fun aria capsule? B. Answer any six of the following: (4x6=24) 9) DU AVP AvvwAi j. 10)CAzz av v eez CyAiA gZAi t. 11)svz AQgUz PtU, gUPgP f U AiAvt PU Pjv gu Pr. 12)P v U PQAiAi DAxg etdP MAz Gvz DgAP WlVz Za. 13)iPAiiz jgz gZAi j. 14)q PAqz MgZAi av v j. 15) Dsg sgwAi zggU Q Aiizzg g UtPtU U AQ ntU gj. 16)PAqz AgZAi j zAvU t. 9) Describe the process of sexual reproduction in Albugo. 10) With a neat labeled diagram explain the structure of apothecium of Peziza. 11) Give an account of the symptoms, causal organism and control measures of Blast disease of Rice. 12) Saprophyte of autocross is a good starting point for evolution of vascular plants Discuss. 13) Describe the external morphology of Marchantia Thallus. 14) Explain the anatomical structure of Dracaena stem with a neat labeled diagram. 15) Give a brief account of the properties of any four types of Indian wood you have studied. 16) Explain the theories to account for organization of shoot apex. C. Answer any three of the following: (8x3=24) 17)P v O PvU Azs U DyP RvAi j. 18)Pgz gZ, Avvw U gU ZP j. 19)CAQv tU JAzg? zz PAqz dgU F QAiAi j. 20)sjAiiz AUtdPz ggZAi P avU v j. 21)Pv U gvzP CAUAU U MAz U avt Pr. 17) Explain the economic importance of fungi in agriculture and medicine. 18) Describe the structure, reproduction and disease cycle in Carpospores. 19) What is secondary growth? Explain the phenomenon if the stem of Hibiscus. 20) Describe the external morphology of Fun aria gametophyte with suitable sketches. 21) Give a detailed account of secretary tissues in vascular plants. B.Sc. I Semester Examination, Nov/Dec 2008 (semester Scheme)

BOTANY II Pteridophtes, Palaeobotany, Environmental Biology and Phytogeography Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60 Instructions: 1) Answer all the questions. 2) Draw diagrams Wherever necessary A. PV Aiizzg DgP Gvj: (6x2=12) 1) lA AfAiA CqPAi CAzz avgz sUU j. 2) UAi AiPU w. 3) EPfP gq JAzg? Aiizzg Jgq j. 4) sm JAzg? MAz Gzgu r. 5) PlPz zs APU j. 6) mPi JAzg? 7) AigAfAim v gAfAim tUU q v w. 8) g s JAzg? A. Answer any six of the following: (6x2=12) 1) Draw a neat labeled diagram of the T.S. of Synergism of Psilotum. 2) Name any four types of fossils. 3) Define an Ecological Pyramid. Name any two types. 4) What are halophytes? Give an example 5) Mention the vegetation types of Karnataka 6) What is a Protocorm? 7) Differentiate Eusporangiate from Leptosporangiate type of development. 8) What is green house effect? B. PVU Dg t/j: (6x4=24) 9) fz PAqz MgZ 10) PrAiiAii 11) t AgPu 12) U CP gAgAi AvU 13) iAiiz ets 14) U jg 15) d i 16) eP CAV tU v B. Describe / Explain any six of the following: (6x4=24) 9) Internal structure of selaginella stem 10) Cycadeoidea 11) Soil conservation 12) Stages in plant succession 13) Scorecard of Mars ilea 14) Grassland ecosystem 15) Water pollution 16) Role of animals as biotic factors. C. PVU gP Gvj: (3x8=24) 17) mjqsmU U P t. 18) fgsmU jgP AztPAiiUAv CAU j.

19) DAqz PAqz MgZAi avv j. 20) sgvz zs AvU U nt gj. 21) qAig zs AvU t. C. Answer any three of the following: (3x8=24) 17) Describe stellar evolution in pteridophytes. 18) Explain the ecological adaptations in xerophytes. 19) Describe the internal structure of Osmond rhizome with a neat labeled diagram. 20) Given an account of the Floristic regions of India. 21) Describe the various stages in a Hydro sere. IV Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2009 (semester Scheme) BOTANY - IV Gymnosperms And Embryology of Angiosperms Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60 Instructions: 1) Answer all Parts. 2) Draw diagrams Wherever necessary. 3) Answer should be either completely in English or Kannada. PART-A J. Aiizzg Dg UU Jgq-g PU Gvj: (2x6=12) 1) Am CAUA S. Cz J Egvz? 2) UAq Umsm 3) jrAiA U AQV w. 4) Aii gZ. 5) g P JAzg? 6) JAl Pz st a j. 7) Dgm CAqP S. 8) j-rsgAi v r-rsgAi JAzg? A. Answer any Six of the following in 2-3 Sentences each: (2x6=12) Define pavement tissue where is in present? Male gametophyte of pins. Write a brief note on periplasomodium. Structure of Paullina. What is a suspensor cell. Explain eight celled embryo sac. Define orthotropic ovule. What is re-differentiation and de-differentiation? PART-B . Aiizzg Dg nt gj. (4x6=24) 9) Cv d U v mjq sm q Aiizzg vU w. 10) Dglg U AQV w. 11) z st 12) CAU PAi vAvU 13) m MUAz r gVg stz PtU. 14) EU g. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

a) mnm b) g Ds Ai c) Dg izs d) ms CAUA 15) fqU gZ v UszsguAi Aiz CU v j. 16) Ui B. Describe any six of the following: (4x6=24) 9) List out any four differences of Gymnosperms with pteridophyles. 10) Write a note on an obdurate. 11) Dicotembryo 12) Tissue culture techniques. 13) Embryological evidences to separate Trap from Onagraceac. 14) Define the following terms: a) Tot potency b) Bars of senior c) Culture medium d) Transfusion tissue 15) Explain the structure and role of synergies in the process of fertilization. 16) Palynogram. . Aiizzg gP gV gj. (8x3=24) 17) Dv d U gUP gZ v tUAi j. 18) lA edPz dAU j. 19) CQ JAzg? GzguUAU AUr v j. 20) APg JAzg? Dv d U gu Pr. 21) Dv d U jP UAi t AUdPz tU v gZAi j. C. Give a detailed account on any three of the following: (8x3=24) 17) Describe the structure and development of an anther in angiosperms. 18) Give an account of reproductive structures of the saprophytes in Gonium. 19) What is Apomixes? Classify and explain with suitable examples. 20) Define Double fertilization? Explain the process in angiosperms. 21) Describe the development and structure of Bishopric type of female gametophyte in angiosperms. V Semester B.Sc. Examination, Nov,/Dec. 2008 (semester Scheme) BOTANY (Paper-V) Taxonomy and Economic Botany Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60 Instructions: 1) Answer all Parts. 2) Draw diagrams Wherever necessary. 3) Answer should be either completely in English or Kannada. A. Aiizzg DgP Gvj: (6x2=12) 1) q v PqU v. 2) Pg JAzg? Gzgu Pr. 3) Aiizzg Jgq z zsU j. 4) sdnP PP JAzg? Gzgu Pr. 5) Aiizzg Jgq gAi U vlU j. 6) msg JAzg? Gzgu Pr 7) gg v U Eg v 8) QP JAzg? Gzgu Pr. A. Answer any six of the following: (6x2=12)

1) Differentiate phyllode and a phylloclade. 2) What is stamina corona? Give an example. 3) Mention two sources of pulses. 4) What is a phylogenetic system of classification? Give example. 5) Mention any two National Botanical Gardens. 6) What are Pneumatophores? Give an example. 7) Differentiate Runner and Stolen. 8) What is Cremocarp? Give example. B. Aiizzg DgP t/j: (6x4=24) 9) U zw v QAiU t. 10) q P 11) rP 12) Avi v Pj VPgt zs 13) ePP tU 14) PPgmAi DArAiA 15) P v EU Ai g, PlA sU, v Czg GAiUU w. 16) AiAi PlAz R UtU. B. Describe/explain any six of the following: (6x4=24) 9) Methods of processing of plants 10) Valid publications 11) SPADIX 12) Broad outline Classification of Ben them and Hooker. 13) Schizocarp Fruits. 14) Androeciums in Cucurbitaceous. 15) The Botanical name, family and part used and uses of coffee and vanilla. 16) Key characters of Lamiaceae. C. PV gP Gvj: (8x3=24) 17) DgAi v DQqAi PlAU PU w. 18) gAi PlAz CAqAiz U j. 19) Ai PZg JAzg? Czg CAvgzAiz vvU U UjAi w. 20) z zsVqU U AQV GzguUAU j. 21) iUAiAi v CAi PlAU Ut PtU w. C. Answer Any three of the following: (8x3=24) 17) Give comparative account of Asteraceae and Archdiocese. 18) Describe the Gynoeciums of Rosaceous. 19) What is Binomial nomenclature? Explain principles and aims of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. 20) Give brief account of cereals and millets. 21) Describe the important salient features of the family Magnoliaceae and Annunciate. V Semester B.Sc. Examination, November/December 2008 (semester Scheme) BOTANY (Paper-VI) Cytology, Genetics, Evolution and Plant Breeding Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60

Instructions: 1) Answer all Parts. 2) Draw diagrams Wherever necessary. 3) Answer should be either completely in English or Kannada. PART-A J. Aiizzg Dg UU Jgq-g PU Gvj: (2x6=12) 1) ng JAzg? 2) q v q tvAvU ASAi Eg v? 3) U tvAvU JAzg? 4) iP P zAv S. 5) dgi JAzg? 6) Ct v JAzg? Gzgu Pr. 7) ErAiUi JAzg? 8) m-tvAv JAzg? A. Answer any six of the following: (2x6=12) 1) What is Hetaerists? 2) What is the Difference between monoploid and haploid number of chromosomes? 3) What are homologous chromosomes? 4) Define Limericks theory of evolution. 5) What is germ plasma? 6) What is incomplete dominance? Give an example: 7) Define ideogram. 8) What is SAT-Chromosome? PART-B . Aiizzg Dg UU Gvj: (4x6=24) 9) Alj CAU JAzg? Za. 10) ASQt Psdz v t 11) mP JAzg? GzguAiAU v w. 12) Ai-qi U MAz nt gj. 13) m U GzguAiAU j. 14) rU U MAz nt gj. 15) mnP GPgt t. 16) vz Uj v zsAiU j. B. Answer any six of the following: (4x6=24) 9) What are supplementary factors? Discuss. 10) Describe the significance of meiosis. 11) What is Test cross? Explain the Significance with an example. 12) Write a note on Neo-Darwinism. 13) Descrive Trisomy with an example. 14) Write a note on Deletions. 15) Describe Mitotic apparatus. 16) Write a note on aim and objectives of plant breeding. PART-C . Aiizg gP Gvj: (3x8=24) 17) JAi U AQV j. 18) tvAv PwP gZAi CAzz avzAU j.

19) AijAU v Un U j. 20) ASQt Psdz s-1 C t. 21) m yAij j. 22) mtAi C v P fU MnU EgU tz U GvwAiiUv. Dzg C Dx P fU MAz Ezg tz U GvwAiiUv. F PV APgUAz Aii tz U GvwAiiUz? i) ccPP x CcPP ii) Ccpp x CcPP C. Answer any three of the following: (3x8=24) 17) Give a brief account of Aneuploidy. 18) With a neat labeled diagram describe the ultra structure of chromosome. 19) Explain Layering and Goatee. 20) Describe prophase-1 of meiosis. 21) Explain Mutation theory. 22) In sweet peas, the genres C and P when present together produce purple flowers. But When either C or P is present alone it produces white flowers. What flower colour would the progeny of the following crosses have: i) ccPP x CcPP ii) Ccpp x CcPP