1. Coverings of spermatic cord a. Internal Spermatic Fascia( innermost coat) derived from the fascia transversalis b.

cremasteris muscle and fascia ( middle coat ) derived from the internal oblique muscle c. External Spermatic fascia derived from external oblique muscle sources : ms 148 2. Congenital Anomalies of Uterus a. Uterus didelphys with double vagina b. Uterus arcuatus c. Uterus bicornis d. Uterus bicornis unicollis 1 rudimentary horn e. Atresia of cervix f. Atresia of vagina Sources: ms 207 3. Factor descend of testis a. Shortening of gubernaculums b. Hormones Androgen + MIS c. Increase in intra-abdominal pressure Sources : ms 199 4. Action of levator ani muscle a. Acting together both muscles increase the intra-abdominal pressure so, it helps in defecation and labor b. Puborectalis - supports external anal spinchter c. Pubococcygeus supports the prostate in male and acts as sphincter for vagina Sources : ms 39 5. Histological and function of epididymis a. Histology i. lined by pseudostratified columnar epi. ii. Composed of principal tall cells and short basal cells iii. Oval in structre b. Function i. Develop capability of motility ( capacitization ) ii. Secrete special nutrient fluid for sperm maturation iii. Stored of sperm for small quantity Sources : ms 145-146

6. Nucleus , cytoplasm and lateral boundaries of Sertoli Cells a. Nucleus i. lies at broad basal part ii. Large, irregular, pale with a tripartite nucleolar apparatus b. Cytoplasm i. Pale cytoplasm c. Lateral boundaries i. Basal 1. fibroblast, myoid cells + bv , basal lamina spermatogenia ii. Adluminal compartment 1. Sperms 2. Spermatids 3. Primary + secondary spermatocyte Sources : ms 140 7. Histological structure of Fallopian Tube a. Mucosa i. Line by simple columnar partially ciliated epi ii. Two type of cells formed 1. Ciliated columnar 2. Non-ciliated secretory cells b. Musculosa i. IC + OL c. Serosa i. Contain large size blood bessels ii. Covered by one layer of flat squamous cell Sources : ms 41

8. Differences between resting and lactating mammary gland Resting Mammary Gland Formed of duct system only No milk produced Lactating Mammary Gland Formed of duct system and secretory units Milk produced inside columnar epi. Cell of secretory portions

Sources : ms 110 + 112

9. Laboratory diagnonsis of acute gonococcal infection in males and females a. Men urethral discharge from men b. Women urethral discharge and cervical secretion women c. Later the specimens smears, culture and antigen detection could be done i. smear methlene blue + graim stain ii. culture blood agar incubated immediately in CO2 enriched aerobic atmospehere for 37 degree C Sources: ms 214

10. Laboratory diagnosis of HSV a. Cytopathology staining scraping eg; Giemsa stain b. Isolation and identification of virus c. Detection of viral NA and by PCR d. Serology Sources: ms 229

11. Mucinous ovarian tumour a. Types i. Benign mucinous cystadenomas 1. Endocervical-like type lining epi. Resembles endocervical 2. Intestinal-like type lining epi. Resemble colonic epi ii. Borderline tumors 1. Stratification of lining epi. Cell 2. Atypia of tumor cell 3. No invasion of stroma iii. Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas 1. Formation of solid mass 2. Features of malignancy in tumor cells 3. Invasion of stroma with malignant cells Sources: ms 94

12. Histological features and its significance in Fibrocystic Change a. Histology i. Cystic dilatation of terminal ducts ii. Relative increase in inter and intralobular fibrous tissue iii. Variable degree of epi. Proliferation in terminal ducts b. Clinical significance i. Non proliferative do not increase the risk of cancer breast ii. Proliferative disease without atypia associated with mild increase in risk of cancer breast iii. Proliferative disease with atypia has a moderate incrase in risk of cancer breast Sources: ms 119 -120 13. Complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia a. FUN ( frequency, urgency and nocturia ) b. Difficulty in starting and stopping of urinary stream c. Painful distention of urinary bladder d. Infection e. Stone formation f. DaDaH- Hypertrophy, dilatation and urinary bladder diverticulae g. Bilateral hydronephrosis Sources: ms 191 14. Mechanism of action of combined progestin/ostrogen pills a. Inhibit of ovulation estrogen inhibit FSH, progesterone inhibit LH b. Inhibition of implantation endometrial changes c. Inhibition of fertilization progestron increase viscosity of cervical mucous Sources: ms 240 15. Sexual side effect of anabolic steroid a. Virilization b. Precocious pubery c. Azoospermia and secondary gonadotropin suppression d. Enhances growth of prostatic tumors e. Fluid retention f. Cholestatic jaundice Sources: ms 243

16. Oral vasodilator for erectile dysfunction and mechanism of action a. Name i. Sildenafil ii. Vardenafil iii. Tadalafil b. Mechanism of action i. Sexual arousal 1. Release of NO from NANC nerves and endothelial cells 2. Activation of guanyl cyclase 3. Conversion of GTP into CGMP 4. Smooth muscles relaxation and vasodilation of penile arteries and cavernosal spaces erection ii. Sildenafil inhibit phospodiesteras 5 decrease catabolism of cGMP maintain vasodilation and erection enhanced sexual performance Sources: ms 248-249

17. Role of Sertoli Cells in Spermatogenesis a. Supportive function provide special environment b. Nutritive function- secrete a fluid from newly formed sperm c. Phagocytic function i. phagocytose dead sperm ii. Spermiation iii. Shaping in head and tail Sources: ms 141

18. Roles of hormones in cycles change on endometrium and its effect on breast a. Endometrial i. Estrogen 1. cells in basal ends of uterine gland proliferat, migrate to the raw surface of mucosa and reconstitute 2. proliferation of CT of LP ii. progesterone 1. marked swelling and secretory development of endometrial gland b. Breast i. Estrogen 1. Proliferation of duct 2. Deposition of fat, growth of stroma 3. Development of nipples ii. Progesterone 1. Growth of lobules and alveoli 2. Development of secretory characteristic in the cells of alveoli Sources: ms 54-55 and ms 111