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European standards For Control valves sizing

Calculation of Kv Cv coefficients

Denis HENRY

ITER meeting Grenoble June 14th & 15th 2005

denis.henry@cea.fr

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Outline

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General description of Cv coefficient Valve flow characteristics European standard for valve sizing Conclusion

ITER meeting Grenoble June 14th & 15th 2005

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General description (1)

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For a defined fluid, the characteristic of a flow control valve is the pressure drop as function of the flow capacity for several stroke values. The valve flow capacity is defined by the value of the Cv coefficient which is applicable for any kind of fluid. In addition to the service conditions, the flow control valve specifications gathers the following characteristics : - valve size (DN) - sort of valve (butterfly, rotatable, plug ) - plug profile - flow direction with the valve device, the manufacturer has to provide the technical data including : - Fd factor depending on the hydraulic diameter. - FL factor taking in account the choked flow due to cavitations phenomena. - XT factor taking in account the choked flow in case of critical pressure drop. - Cv coefficient (full opening or 80% opening)
ITER meeting Grenoble June 14th & 15th 2005 denis.henry@cea.fr 3/11

General description (2) Valve flow coefficients

(liquid flow) Q (m3/s) (kg/m3) p (Pa) Q (m3/h) (kg/m3) p (Pa) Q (gal/min) US (lb/ft3) p (psi)

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Av = Q p

Virtual cross section in m2 of volumetric flow rate flowing through the valve (use I.S. units) Numerical value in m3/h of water at 15 C (w) flowing through the valve at pkv = 105 Pa

pkv Kv = Q w p 1 Cv = Q p w

Numerical value in US gal/min of water at 15 C (w) flowing through the valve at p = 1 psi (usually applied)

Conversion
Av = 2.78 105 Kv Av = 2.40 105 Cv Kv = 8.65 101 Cv

ITER meeting Grenoble June 14th & 15th 2005

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General description (3) valve flow characteristics

Linear flow (lin.)

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Digital (on/off)

Equal percentage (=%)

Interest for control system

Relative Cv = f (Relative opening h) Rangeability

Cv = = f (h ) Cvfo
Cv Cvfo h Current Cv value Full opening Cv value Relative opening % Cvfo Cvmo 0

Cvfo 1 = R0 = Cvmo 0
Full opening Cv value Minimal opening Cv value Maximum relative Cv

ITER meeting Grenoble June 14th & 15th 2005

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Valve flow characteristics Linear flow

Relative Cv

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= 0 + m h
With the slope And the rangeability

gives

m = 1 0 1 R0 = 0
Equal percentage

R0. - 1 h= R0 1
h (%) Valve stroke

Relative Cv

= 0 e
With

n h

And the rangeability

1 n = ln 0

gives

h=
h (%)

ln (R0. ) ln (R0 )
Valve stroke

1 R0 = 0

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EU Standards for valve sizing (1) Single-phase flow

Liquid Service Gas/Vapour Service

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Two-phase flow
No generally accepted standard method exists. All described methods include a lot of uncertainty

Taking into account of - thermophysical properties of fluid - plug profile of the valve - piping geometry (including convergent/divergent devices) - Reynolds numbers

Standards references
NF EN 60534-1 NF EN 60534-2-1 Industrial-process control valves. Part 1 : terminology of the valves of regulation and general considerations Industrial-process control valves. Part 2-1 : flow capacity. Sizing equations for fluid flow under installed conditions. Industrial-process control valves. Part 2-3 : flow capacity. Test procedures.
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NF EN 60534-2-3

ITER meeting Grenoble June 14th & 15th 2005

EU Standards for valve sizing (2)

NF EN 60534 2-1

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ITER meeting Grenoble June 14th & 15th 2005

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EU Standards for valve sizing (3)

CV 719
Tin Pin Pout Qm :DN 80 : 4.6 K :395 kPa :381.5 kPa :3 kg/s

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13.5 kPa

Cv
2 kPa

:95
2 kPa

1.5 kg/s

PID
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ACB_TF
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EU Standards for valve sizing (4)

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Conclusions

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The main supplier of flow control valve like VEKA or VELAN use their own code which refers to EU standards. In the frame of EFDA tasks concerning the the design of the ITER cryodistribution, the valve sizing are performed according to the EU standards. CEA implemented an Excel-macro for the Cv calculation in accordance with the EU standards. A comparison of several Cv values will be carried between those given by the suppliers and the results of CEA calculations.

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