Artofproblemsolving

Topic 391443

CAS-Solution

http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?f=51&t=391443
asks for a proof of the following remarkable inequality
inequality

Au thor

aktyw19

Message

Posted: Feb 13, 2011, 11:29 am # 1

Let a,b,c be positive real number such that
Prove that

Posts: 747

In what follows we shall give a CAS-verification of this inequality.

In order to get rid of the roots we replace a, b and c by A^2, B^2 and C^2, resp.
Therefore we have to deal with
a
b
c
3(3abc)
3
3
3
+ + ((a ) + (b ) + (c ))
b + c
c + a
a + b
2

<=>
2
2
2
A
B
C
33ABC
3
3
3
+ + (A + B + C )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
B + C
C + A
A + B

where
2 2
2 2
2 2
A B + B C + C A = 1

Next, we note that the inequality is symmetric, but not homogenuous.

In order to get a homogenuous version of it we firstly square it. This leads to

2
2
2
2
2 2 2
3
3
3 2

A
B
C

27A B C (A + B + C )
+ +
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
B + C
C + A
A + B

with the LHS-expression being homogenuous of degree 0, whereas the RHS-expression has
degree 12.
Replacing 1 by the degree-12-expression
2 2
2 2
2 2 3
1 = (A B + B C + C A )

yields the unconditional homogenuous and symmetric inequality

--- 1 ---

Artofproblemsolving

(A B

+ B C

Topic 391443

CAS-Solution

2
2
2
2
2 2 2
3
3
3 2
2 3
A
B
C

27A B C (A + B + C )
+ C A ) + +
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
B + C
C + A
A + B
2

Aided by a CAS its proof now is straightforward.

Indeed,
2

(A B

+ B C

2
2
2
2
2 2 2
3
3
3 2
2 3
A
B
C

27A B C (A + B + C )
+ C A ) + + - 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
B + C
C + A
A + B
2

<=>
18

4A

(B

2 3
16
2
2 2
4
2 2
4
14
2
2
8
6 2
+ C ) + A (B + C ) (8B + B C + 8C ) + 2A (B + C )(6B + 13B C +

4 4
2 6
8
13 2 2
2
2 2
3
3
12
12
10 2
20B C + 13B C + 6C ) - 54A B C (B + C ) (B + C ) + A (16B
+ 97B C +
8 4
6 6
4 8
2 10
12
11 2 2
2
2 3
3
3
238B C + 318B C + 238B C + 97B C
+ 16C ) - 108A B C (B + C ) (B + C ) +
10

14

(12B

12
+ 97B

2
C

10
+ 360B

4
C

9 5
8 6
7 7
6 8
5 9
- 54B C + 711B C - 108B C + 711B C - 54B C +

4 10
2 12
14
9 2 2
2
2 2
3
3
4
2 2
4
360B C
+ 97B C
+ 12C ) - 54A B C (B + C ) (B + C )(B + 4B C + C ) +
8
16
14 2
12 4
11 5
10 6
9 7
8 8
7 9
A (8B
+ 38B C + 238B C - 108B C + 711B C - 324B C + 1014B C - 324B C
6 10
5 11
4 12
2 14
16
7 4 4
2
2 3
3
3
+ 711B C
- 108B C
+ 238B C
+ 38B C
+ 8C ) - 108A B C (B + C ) (B + C ) +
6
18
16 2
14 4
13 5
12 6
11 7
10 8
9 9
A (4B
+ 17B C + 66B C - 54B C + 318B C - 324B C + 711B C - 540B C
8 10
7 11
6 12
5 13
4 14
2 16
18
+ 711B C
- 324B C
+ 318B C
- 54B C
+ 66B C
+ 17B C
+ 4C ) 5 6 6
2
2 2
3
3
4 2 2
16
14 2
12 4
11 5
54A B C (B + C ) (B + C ) + 2A B C (6B
+ 9B C + 33B C - 54B C +
10
119B

6
C

9 7
8 8
7 9
6 10
5 11
4 12
2 14
- 162B C + 180B C - 162B C + 119B C
- 54B C
+ 33B C
+ 9B C
+

16

2 4 4
2
2
12
10 2
8 4
7 5
6 6
5 7
) + A B C (B + C )(12B
+ 5B C + 33B C - 54B C + 64B C - 54B C +

6C

4 8
2 10
12
6 6
2
2 2
8
4 4
8
33B C + 5B C
+ 12C ) + 4B C (B + C ) (B + 2B C + C ) 0

As we may let A B C, that is B =A+x and C = A+x+y with x, y 0, we have to settle

18
4A

2
((A + x)

2
y)

2 3
16
2
2 2
4
2
+ (A + x + y) ) + A ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) (8(A + x) + (A + x) (A + x +

4
14
2
2
8
6
2
+ 8(A + x + y) ) + 2A ((A + x) + (A + x + y) )(6(A + x) + 13(A + x) (A + x + y) +

4
4
2
6
8
13
2
20(A + x) (A + x + y) + 13(A + x) (A + x + y) + 6(A + x + y) ) - 54A (A + x) (A + x +

--- 2 ---

Artofproblemsolving

Topic 391443

CAS-Solution

2
2
2 2
3
3
12
12
10
y) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) + A (16(A + x)
+ 97(A + x) (A +
2
x + y)

8
4
6
6
4
8
+ 238(A + x) (A + x + y) + 318(A + x) (A + x + y) + 238(A + x) (A + x + y) +

2
10
12
11
2
2
2
97(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 16(A + x + y) ) - 108A (A + x) (A + x + y) ((A + x) + (A + x
2 3
3
3
10
14
12
2
+ y) ) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) + A (12(A + x)
+ 97(A + x) (A + x + y) + 360(A +
10

x)

9
5
8
6
7
- 54(A + x) (A + x + y) + 711(A + x) (A + x + y) - 108(A + x) (A + x +

(A + x + y)
7

6
8
5
9
4
10
+ 711(A + x) (A + x + y) - 54(A + x) (A + x + y) + 360(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 97(A +

y)

2
12
14
9
2
2
2
x) (A + x + y)
+ 12(A + x + y) ) - 54A (A + x) (A + x + y) ((A + x) + (A + x +
2 2
3
3
4
2
2
4
8
y) ) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) )((A + x) + 4(A + x) (A + x + y) + (A + x + y) ) + A (8(A +
16

14

x)

+ 38(A + x)
10

711(A + x)

12

(A + x + y)
6

(A + x + y)

+ 238(A + x)

11

(A + x + y)

- 108(A + x)

5
(A + x + y)

9
7
8
8
- 324(A + x) (A + x + y) + 1014(A + x) (A + x + y) - 324(A +

7
9
6
10
5
11
4
x) (A + x + y) + 711(A + x) (A + x + y)
- 108(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 238(A + x) (A + x
12

2
14
16
7
4
4
2
+ 38(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 8(A + x + y) ) - 108A (A + x) (A + x + y) ((A + x) +

+ y)

2 3
3
3
6
18
16
2
(A + x + y) ) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) + A (4(A + x)
+ 17(A + x) (A + x + y) + 66(A +
14

x)

13

(A + x + y)

- 54(A + x)

10

+ y)

+ 711(A + x)

12

(A + x + y)
8

(A + x + y)

+ 318(A + x)

11

(A + x + y)

- 324(A + x)

(A + x

9
9
8
10
- 540(A + x) (A + x + y) + 711(A + x) (A + x + y)
-

7
11
6
12
5
13
324(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 318(A + x) (A + x + y)
- 54(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 66(A +
4
14
2
16
18
5
6
x) (A + x + y)
+ 17(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 4(A + x + y) ) - 54A (A + x) (A + x +
6
2
2 2
3
3
4
2
2
y) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) + 2A (A + x) (A + x + y) (6(A +
16

14

x)

+ 9(A + x)
10

(A + x + y)

+ x)

6
(A + x + y)

9
+ y)

12
+ 33(A + x)

4
(A + x + y)

11
- 54(A + x)

5
(A + x + y)

+ 119(A

9
7
8
8
7
- 162(A + x) (A + x + y) + 180(A + x) (A + x + y) - 162(A + x) (A + x

6
10
5
11
4
12
+ 119(A + x) (A + x + y)
- 54(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 33(A + x) (A + x + y)
+ 9(A

2
14
16
2
4
4
2
+ x) (A + x + y)
+ 6(A + x + y) ) + A (A + x) (A + x + y) ((A + x) + (A + x +
2
12
10
2
8
4
7
y) )(12(A + x)
+ 5(A + x) (A + x + y) + 33(A + x) (A + x + y) - 54(A + x) (A + x +
5
y)

6
6
5
7
4
8
+ 64(A + x) (A + x + y) - 54(A + x) (A + x + y) + 33(A + x) (A + x + y) + 5(A +

--- 3 ---

Artofproblemsolving

Topic 391443

CAS-Solution

2
10
12
6
6
2
2 2
x) (A + x + y)
+ 12(A + x + y) ) + 4(A + x) (A + x + y) ((A + x) + (A + x + y) ) ((A +
8

4
4
8
+ 2(A + x) (A + x + y) + (A + x + y) ) 0

x)

This inequality reduces to

24

23

64x

+ 768x

22
(y + 2A) + 16x

2
(284y

2
21
3
2
+ 1104Ay + 1111A ) + 176x (100y + 568Ay +

2
3
20
4
3
2 2
3
4
1111A y + 750A ) + 4x (12468y + 92400Ay + 264265A y + 346500A y + 176525A ) +
19

8x

(13676y
18

4x

2 3
3 2
4
5
+ 465855A y + 893210A y + 882625A y + 361948A ) +

+ 124680Ay
5

(47972y

2 4
3 3
4 2
5
+ 2392909A y + 5998490A y + 8663527A y + 6877012A y +

+ 519688Ay

6
17
7
6
2 5
3 4
4 3
2364328A ) + 24x (11424y + 143916Ay + 789134A y + 2440887A y + 4610353A y +
5 2
6
7
16
8
7
2 6
5343580A y + 3546492A y + 1051178A ) + x (322496y + 4660992Ay + 29795865A y +
3 5
4 4
5 3
6 2
7
109933968A y + 256428988A y + 388635096A y + 376055612A y + 214440312A y +
8
15
9
8
2 7
3 6
4 5
55918744A ) + 4x (78416y + 1289984Ay + 9488310A y + 40893156A y + 113920268A y
5 4
6 3
7 2
8
9
+ 213325225A y + 269788312A y + 223857032A y + 111837488A y + 26052456A ) +
14
2x

10
(126088y

2 8
3 7
4 6
+ 19761067A y + 98209620A y + 320060882A y +

+ 2352480Ay

5 5
6 4
7 3
8 2
9
716437863A y + 1119771806A y + 1213452360A y + 880018178A y + 390786840A y +
10

13

82288576A

) + 2x

11

10

(83400y

+ 1765232Ay

2 9
3 8
+ 16883211A y + 96057178A y +

4 7
5 6
6 5
7 4
8 3
361569850A y + 947858263A y + 1772072106A y + 2373408722A y + 2245815166A y +
9 2
10
11
12
12
11
1443612596A y + 576020032A y + 110659024A ) + x (89924y
+ 2168400Ay
+
2 10
3 9
4 8
5 7
6 6
23637153A y
+ 153529246A y + 662694424A y + 2008847516A y + 4401930072A y +
7 5
8 4
9 3
10 2
11
7055637394A y + 8251412997A y + 6913096268A y + 3980057776A y + 1438567312A y +
12
253953940A

11
) + 2x

13
(19460y

12
+ 539544Ay

2 11
3 10
+ 6738610A y
+ 50030854A y
+

4 9
5 8
6 7
7 6
8 5
246953102A y + 859364821A y + 2179193518A y + 4096521578A y + 5735853241A y +
9 4
10 3
11 2
12
13
5939304188A y + 4451912912A y + 2313426912A y + 761861820A y + 124262016A ) +
10
x

14
(13212y

13
+ 428120Ay

2 12
3 11
4 10
+ 6191545A y
+ 52839820A y
+ 298628140A y
+

5 9
6 8
7 7
8 6
9 5
1189457588A y + 3464637918A y + 7540827360A y + 12389376439A y + 15366795576A y +

--- 4 ---

Artofproblemsolving

10

Topic 391443

14238122094A

11

+ 9623455600A

CAS-Solution

12

+ 4538534912A

13

14

+ 1366882176A

y + 206756848A

) +

9
15
14
2 13
3 12
4 11
2x (1696y
+ 66060Ay
+ 1126707A y
+ 11174445A y
+ 72707872A y
+
5 10
6 9
7 8
8 7
9 6
331809513A y
+ 1106579921A y + 2767121941A y + 5265446538A y + 7667053578A y +
10

8514580971A

11

+ 7116897668A

12

+ 4362603930A

13

+ 1873777444A

14

+ 516892120A

y +

15

8
16
15
2 14
3 13
4 12
) + x (620y
+ 30528Ay
+ 633338A y
+ 7437126A y
+ 56317993A y
+

72649224A

5 11
6 10
7 9
8 8
9 7
296000376A y
+ 1130898584A y
+ 3237115638A y + 7076359245A y + 11936085684A y +
10

15570256836A

11

14

2590378432A

+ 15612522660A

12

15

+ 11846059241A

13

+ 6612380676A

16

+ 653843016A

7
17
16
2 15
) + 2x (36y
+ 2480Ay
+ 66088A y
+

y + 85362752A

3 14
4 13
5 12
6 11
7 10
947912A y
+ 8509308A y
+ 52044685A y
+ 228850440A y
+ 749849660A y
+
8 9
9 8
10 7
11 6
12 5
1875116197A y + 3632305408A y + 5489537142A y + 6470210520A y + 5896974922A y +
13

4081005172A

14

+ 2079404144A

15

+ 742450304A

16

17

+ 170725504A

y + 20633536A

) +

6
18
17
2 16
3 15
4 14
5 13
x (4y
+ 504Ay
+ 19213A y
+ 355376A y
+ 3899810A y
+ 28253346A y
+
6 12
7 11
8 10
9 9
10 8
144363794A y
+ 543550020A y
+ 1553712425A y
+ 3439381168A y + 5966485670A y +
11

8148742896A

12

y
16

13

+ 695972896A

+ 8738193142A
17

+ 7277434948A

14

+ 4609657472A

15

+ 2145884720A

18

+ 144434752A

5
18
17
2 16
) + 2Ax (12y
+ 864Ay
+ 22919A y

y + 16027488A

3 15
4 14
5 13
6 12
7 11
+ 324408A y
+ 2867894A y
+ 17313947A y
+ 75551275A y
+ 247565338A y
+
8 10
9 9
10 8
11 7
12 6
625224870A y
+ 1237805927A y + 1939304992A y + 2410333972A y + 2364964406A y +
13

1807518608A

14

+ 1050426160A

15

+ 446420080A

16

+ 130623264A

17

+ 24041232A

y +

18
2409312A

2 4
18
17
2 16
3 15
4 14
) + A x (72y
+ 3600Ay
+ 73049A y
+ 830032A y
+ 6088916A y
+

5 13
6 12
7 11
8 10
9 9
31260476A y
+ 118264886A y
+ 341311168A y
+ 769070784A y
+ 1372969908A y +
10
1956295461A

11

y
15

+ 2225712024A

+ 292029440A
17
1224Ay

3
y

7
y

16
+ 76206576A

12
+ 2007706192A

2
y

6
y

13
+ 1413052704A

17
+ 12046560A

5
y

14
+ 754512752A

4
y

18
y + 1054656A

3 3
18
) + 4A x (32y
+

2 16
3 15
4 14
5 13
6 12
+ 19799A y
+ 185376A y
+ 1148608A y
+ 5082054A y
+ 16850320A y
+

7 11
8 10
9 9
10 8
11 7
43222976A y
+ 87581842A y
+ 141954200A y + 185039585A y + 193681220A y +

--- 5 ---

Artofproblemsolving

12

Topic 391443

161280052A

13

+ 104829520A

17

14
+ 51469120A

CAS-Solution

15

+ 18068928A

16

+ 4130736A

18

527328A

4 2
18
17
2 16
3 15
) + 4A x (36y
+ 1080Ay
+ 14227A y
+ 111216A y
+

y + 37440A

4 14
5 13
6 12
7 11
8 10
588037A y
+ 2262500A y
+ 6628160A y
+ 15222748A y
+ 27920900A y
+
9 9
10 8
11 7
12 6
13 5
41328110A y + 49539250A y + 47918656A y + 36971252A y + 22250664A y +
14

10050660A

15

16

+ 3184464A

16

+ 621648A

17

18

+ 56160A

5
17
) + 8A xy(12y
+

y + 2592A

2 15
3 14
4 13
5 12
6 11
+ 3094A y
+ 20264A y
+ 91945A y
+ 309635A y
+ 806739A y
+

288Ay

7 10
8 9
9 8
10 7
11 6
12 5
1669276A y
+ 2787395A y + 3787665A y + 4194823A y + 3765520A y + 2701636A y
13

+ 1509816A
15

14
+ 628260A

3
y

15
+ 178992A

2
y

16
+ 28944A

17
y + 1296A

6 2
16
) + 4A y (8y
+

2 14
3 13
4 12
5 11
6 10
+ 1241A y
+ 6800A y
+ 26578A y
+ 78768A y
+ 183581A y
+

144Ay

7 9
8 8
9 7
10 6
11 5
12 4
344164A y + 525984A y + 659388A y + 677800A y + 567040A y + 379848A y +
13
197904A

3
y

14
+ 76176A

2
y

15
+ 19584A

16
y + 2592A

) 0

As this expression consists of nothing but "+"-summands, the proof is complete.

The last expression also shows there occurs equality if and only if x = y = 0, that is iff A =
B = C, i.e. a = b = c.
&&
Of course, we are now convinced that the claimed inequality is true.
But what about a more "human" proof ...?

[auj, February 20, 2011]

--- 6 ---