The Amendments for Liberty

Enumerated Powers of the Federal Government

Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution of the United States shall be replaced, in its entirety, with this Amendment Twenty-eight. Section 1: The federal government's duties, responsibilities, and powers shall be limited to the following: A. Congress shall have power to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, and to pay federal debts. All Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; said power to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, and Imposts, shall not extend to personal property, real property, wages, earnings, business earnings or profits, or estates at time of death. B. Congress shall provide for the common defense. Congress shall have the power to raise and support Armies and provide and maintain a Navy and Air Force. Congress shall have the power to regulate the land, air, and naval military forces under its authority and control. C. Congress shall have the power to provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, repel invasions, and to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the appointment of the Officers, and the authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. D. Congress shall have the power to regulate Commerce with foreign nations. Congress shall have the power to regulate Interstate Commerce among the several States. a. The term "Commerce", as used herein, shall mean the act of trade, and shall not include manufacturing, agriculture, labor, or industry; thus, "Commerce" shall not refer to those acts that precede the act of trade. b. The term regulate Commerce, as used herein, shall mean to make normal or regular all commerce between the several states and between the states and foreign nations; thus it shall mean Congress shall have only the power to enact legislation which prevents the states from enacting impediments to the free flow of Commerce; impediments such as tariffs, quotas and taxes. Regulating Commerce Between the several states shall not mean taxing Interstate Commerce; thus it shall not be construed as providing Congress the authority to tax, or impose fees on, Commerce between the several states. c. The term Interstate Commerce shall refer to interstate trade, and shall mean intercourse for the purposes of trade in any and all its forms, including the transportation, purchase, sale, and exchange of commodities between the citizens of different States. Interstate Commerce shall 1|Page
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mean only the purchase, sale, and exchange of commodities that actually and definitively cross state boundaries, and at no time shall it include Commerce or trade that occurs within the boundaries of a state; thus its meaning shall be held in the strictest and narrowest sense and not include activities that are related to, incidental to, or ancillary to, Interstate Commerce, or presume Interstate Commerce when no such activity has actually or physically taken place. E. Congress shall have the power to coin money, regulate the value thereof, and provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States. The power to coin money, regulate the value thereof, and provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States shall be strictly limited to the United States government and this power shall not be transferred to any person, private or publically traded corporation or company, union, nonprofit organization, or any other nongovernmental entity. F. Congress shall have the power to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization. G. Congress shall have the power to establish uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. H. Congress shall have the power to fix the Standard of Weights and Measures. I. Congress shall have the power to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; Congress shall have the power to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations.

J.

K. Congress shall have the power to declare war and make rules concerning captured enemy combatants on land and water. L. Congress shall have the power to make rules for the federal government. M. Congress shall have the power to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. N. Congress shall have the power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased or leased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings necessary solely for strategic military purposes. O. Congress shall have the power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Section 2: In furtherance of this Amendment, all federal agencies, administrations, and departments not essential to the federal governments fulfillment and administration of the Constitutionally approved duties, responsibilities, and powers as contained herein, shall be defunded and closed. All other duties, responsibilities, and powers of government shall fall to the States, or to the People, respectively. The federal government may only expand its duties, responsibilities, and powers beyond those specifically enumerated in this Amendment through the enactment of a Constitutional Amendment.

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Section 3: In furtherance of this Amendment, the following federal agencies, administrations, and departments shall be defunded and all offices immediately closed: A. *list of agencies, administrations, and departments to be immediately closed+ Section 4: In furtherance of this Amendment, and in order to provide for the orderly closure of government offices, the following federal agencies, administrations, and departments shall be defunded and all offices closed within two (2) years of the date of the enactment of this Amendment: A. [list of agencies, administrations, and departments to be closed within 2 years+ Section 5: In furtherance of this amendment, the United States government shall be prohibited from providing Social Services or Entitlements for its citizens. The providing of Social Services or Entitlements for citizens shall be left to the States, respectively. The term Social Services shall mean organized welfare efforts provided by government, or financed by government, and carried on under professional auspices by trained personnel. The term Entitlements shall mean the right to guaranteed benefits under a government program, a government program that provides benefits to members of a group that has a statutory entitlement, or the benefits distributed by such a program. To minimize disruption to persons already receiving benefits, or nearing retirement age or eligibility, the Social Security Insurance program, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs, Medicare programs, and all Welfare programs shall be closed in accordance with the following: A. Social Security Insurance Program No new members shall be added to the roles of Social Security and all payroll deductions from persons under the age of 55 shall immediately cease. All persons currently receiving Social Security benefits shall continue to do so until their death. All persons aged 55 to 64 years of age shall be provided with the option of opting out of the Social Security Insurance program or remaining in the Social Security Insurance program. Persons electing to remain in the program shall continue to be required to pay into the Social Security Insurance program through payroll deductions, shall be eligible to receive Social Security benefits at age 65, and will continue to receive benefits until their death. All persons under the age of 55, and all person aged 55 to 64 who have elected to opt out of the Social Security Insurance program, shall have all monies personally paid into the Social Security fund refunded, shall be relieved from the requirement to pay into the Social Security Fund, and shall not be eligible for any future benefits. Upon the death of the last member beneficiary of Social Security, the Social Security Insurance Program shall be discontinued and its offices permanently closed. B. Supplemental Security Income/Disabled Persons Programs Beginning immediately, no new recipients shall be added to the roles of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or any federal program(s) for disabled persons. All persons currently receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits, or assistance or benefits under any federal program for the disabled, shall continue to do so until their death, or ineligibility. Upon the death or ineligibility of the last member beneficiary of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, or beneficiary of any federal program for the disabled, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, or other federal program for the disabled, as the case may be, shall be discontinued and its offices permanently closed.

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C. Medicare Programs Beginning immediately, no new members shall be added to the roles of Medicare and all payroll deductions from persons under the age of 55 shall immediately cease. All persons currently receiving Medicare benefits shall continue to do so until their death. All persons age 55 to 64 years of age shall be provided with the option of opting out of the Medicare program or remaining in the Medicare program. Persons electing to remain in the program shall continue to be required to pay into the Medicare program through payroll deductions, shall be eligible to receive Medicare benefits at age 65, and will continue to receive benefits until their death. All persons under the age of 55, and all person aged 55 to 64 who have elected to opt out of the Medicare program, shall have all monies personally paid into the Medicare program refunded, shall be relieved from the requirement to pay into the Medicare program, and shall not be eligible for any future benefits. Upon the death of the last beneficiary of Medicare, the Medicare Program shall be discontinued and its offices permanently closed. D. Welfare Programs All funding for social welfare programs and services shall be terminated upon the expiration of the current fiscal budgetary year. Upon the expiration of the current fiscal budgetary year, the Health & Human Services Administration, and all federal agencies administering social services, or welfare programs and services, shall be discontinued and their offices permanently closed. Section 6: In furtherance of this amendment, the 1913 Federal Reserve Act shall be repealed, and the sole power to coin Money and regulate the Value thereof, shall be returned to the United States Congress. Section 7: In furtherance of the enactment of this Amendment, the 16th Amendment to the Constitution, The Progressive Income Tax, shall be repealed. Section 8: In furtherance of this Amendment, the United States government shall be prohibited from owning, administering, or controlling real property outside the territorial boundaries of the District of Columbia not used solely as a military base or military installation. Said prohibition shall include, but is not limited to, parks, preserves, wilderness areas, monuments, buildings, or any other real property outside the territorial boundaries of the District of Columbia not used solely as a military base or military installation. All real property owned or controlled by the United States Government and located outside the District of Columbia, not used solely as a military base or military installation, and the administration thereof, shall be transferred to the State or Territory in which the real property is located. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Determining the Meaning & Intent of the Constitution

Section 1. The meaning of a provision of the Constitution of the United States shall be determined by the courts as follows: A. It shall be given the meaning intended by the framers and those who ratified it, at the time it was ratified, with emphasis on the intention of the ratifiers, when such can be reasonably established. B. The following factors shall be considered in arriving at the intended meaning:

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a. Primary consideration shall be given to the plain wording of the provision. Phrases and ideas of judges or others not in the Constitution shall not be engrafted and treated as a part of the Constitution. Where the wording needs further construction for application to a particular question, the following additional factors shall be considered to the extent needed. i. Reliable and relevant legal and general history of this country, and of Great Britain, where applicable, up to the date of ratification. Relevant debates, speeches, and writings of our founders, framers, and those who took part in ratification. Relevant matters of official record, including congressional records, legislative records, and other official records.

ii.

iii.

b. Extraneous matters such as personal views of judges and justices, events at a later date, changes in conditions, and what other countries may be doing in like cases shall not be considered, as those are matters for the people and their representatives, who have the sole prerogative to amend the Constitution when changes are needed. C. The precedents of prior cases shall not be followed unless those decisions were based on the principles of judicial construction herein stated. D. A law enacted by the United States or a law or constitutional provision enacted by a State is presumed to be valid, and shall not be overturned by a federal court unless its invalidity, as contrary to this Constitution, is beyond any reasonable doubt. E. Each court opinion on a constitutional issue or an important question of law shall set forth its basis; and the judges or justices joining in the majority opinion and those participating in any dissenting opinion shall be shown. Each judge or justice may be held accountable for his or her position. Section 2. The meaning of a law enacted by the United States shall be construed to mean what Congress intended it to mean when it was passed. When needed and where applicable, the same factors shall be used to determine the intent and purpose of Congress as are stated for determining the intent and purpose of a provision of the Constitution. When the meaning of a state law has been determined by the highest court of the state, that meaning shall be followed by federal courts. If it has not been so determined, the meaning of a state law shall be the meaning intended by the State Legislature, or the people, when it was passed. The same factors should be used in determining the intent and purpose of the State Legislature, or of the people, as are used in determining the intent of Congress as to federal laws. Section 3. All United States Supreme Court justices and all federal appellate and lower court judges shall take an oath to uphold the Constitution of the United States, including the rules set forth herein for construing it. The wording of such oath shall be prescribed by Congress. Willful failure to abide by the oath shall be misbehavior requiring removal. This amendment shall have no effect on other grounds or provisions for removal or impeachment provided in the Constitution. Section 4. Removal under this amendment of any justice of the United States Supreme Court or of any appellate or lower court federal judge shall be by a bill of removal which may be initiated by any member in either the House of Representatives or the Senate. On such presentment of a bill of removal in either the House or the Senate, it shall be voted on by the body in which it was first presented. If as many as one-fourth of the members of that body vote to proceed with the bill of removal, each defendant judge or justice named for misbehavior in the bill shall be given a fair and impartial hearing in a judiciary committee of that body, which shall make a record of 5|Page
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the hearing. The judiciary committee shall then recommend for or against removal, but the recommendation shall only be informative and not binding on the House or the Senate, which shall proceed to consider and vote on the bill. No other committee shall hear or act on the bill. If passed by a 2/3 majority by both bodies, and signed by the president, the offending judge or justice is thereby removed. A presidential veto of the bill of removal may be overridden by another 2/3 majority vote of the Senate and of the House of Representatives. No filibuster or other hindrance shall be allowed to stop the voting on a bill of removal. A bill of removal may be brought against one or more judges or justices at the same time. The bill of removal voted by each body of Congress shall set forth the alleged misbehavior of the accused justice or judge, and it is not subject to review by any court. Section 5. Where a final decision of any federal court has had the effect of declaring unconstitutional any law of the United States or of any state, including a constitutional provision of a state, a bill for review may be passed by congress or a legislature of any state affected, stating grounds for possible error in said decision, and notice thereof given to the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall then in due course review the prior decision and render another decision thereon on the questions presented, using the rules set forth in this amendment. There shall be no limitation on the period of time in which a bill for review may be presented on any final decision of a federal court, whether made before or after this Amendment. A bill for review in Congress may be initiated and passed in the same manner as a bill for removal. A bill for review by any state affected by a decision shall be passed in the manner determined by the state legislature. The United States Supreme Court shall hear and consider only one bill for review of a decision, and the decision on the questions presented in a bill for review shall not be subject to another bill for review. The decision shall set forth grounds as required in other decisions, and it can be grounds for a bill for removal of any justice or judge for misbehavior. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Earmarks, Riders & Legislative Procedures

Section 1: Federal Funds designated or allocated for a specific purpose or program shall only be used for the specific purpose or program so designated. Federal Funds designated or allocated for a specific purpose or program shall not be borrowed, or otherwise used, to fund a different purpose or program, except as provided for herein. Any excess funds remaining or allocated shall be placed in a special fund where it shall require the passage of new legislation to spend or allocate said excess funds. Section 2: A bill shall be limited to a single subject or objective. No bill shall be allowed to contain language, instructions, apportionments, expenditures, or legislation (such language, instructions, apportionments, expenditures, or legislation being commonly known as riders), not directly related to the primary subject or objective of the bill in question. Section 3: No Amendments or modifications, in any form, shall be made to a bill after a bill has passed in the House or Senate, and prior to being sent to the opposite branch of Congress, or to the President, as the case may be, without a vote of consent of the branch of Congress in question. Section 4: No Congressional Earmark shall be allowed in any bill. The term Congressional Earmark shall mean a provision or report language included primarily at the request of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, or Senator providing, authorizing or recommending a specific amount of discretionary budget authority, credit 6|Page
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authority, or other spending authority for a contract, loan, loan guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other expenditure with or to an entity, or targeted to a specific State, locality or Congressional district, other than through a statutory or administrative formula-driven or competitive award process. Section 5: An exact copy of every bill shall be made available to the public online for a minimum period of 30 calendar days prior to being brought to the floor of the House or Senate, respectively, for deliberation and/or a vote. Congress shall make available an open forum for the public to comment on each bill during said 30 day period; said public comments then being made available to the public online within 48 hours. An Exception shall be made for a bill directly related to matters of National Emergency or National Security; said Exception shall first require a 3/5 affirmative vote of the branch of Congress taking up the bill, granting the exception, prior to moving the bill to the floor for deliberations or vote. Section 6: Congress shall make all deliberations and negotiations on every bill open to live public videotaping and broadcast, and at no time shall Congress negotiate in secret or behind closed doors. An Exception shall be made only when Classified Information is to be discussed or disseminated. Section 7: The term Classified Information, as used herein, shall mean any information or material, regardless of its physical form or characteristics, that is owned by the United States Government, and determined by both houses of Congress to require protection against unauthorized disclosure, and is so designated. Section 8: Every bill passed by the Senate and House and signed by the President must subsequently be reviewed by the Supreme Court to determine its Constitutionality before it shall be allowed to become law. A bill shall pass or fail as a whole and cannot be passed into law piecemeal. Should any portion of a bill be determined to be unconstitutional, the entire bill shall be denied passage into law, and shall become immediately null and void. Should no provisions, language, or portions thereof, be deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, the bill shall become law. Section 9: All federal legislation, laws, codes, or regulations, passed by Congress and enacted into law, prior to the enactment of this amendment, shall be reviewed by the Supreme Court to determine their constitutionality. Any legislation, laws, codes, or regulations, or portions thereof, determined by the Court to be unconstitutional, shall be repealed and shall become immediately null and void. Section 10: Congress shall not enact legislation that is unfunded or unaccounted for in the federal budget. Section 11: Congress shall not enact legislation that contains an unfunded mandate for the States. Section 12: All federal legislation, laws, codes, or regulations, passed by Congress and enacted into law, both prior to and after, the enactment of this amendment shall apply equally to the President and members of Congress, and Congress shall be prohibited from enacting federal legislation, laws, codes, or regulations, which contain exemptions for any state, county, or city/municipal government, person, group, privately held or publicly traded company or corporation, union, nonprofit, or any other entity. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Balanced Budget & Retirement of National Debt

Section 1: Federal Deficit spending shall be prohibited. The federal government shall be required to maintain a balanced budget. At no time, except as contained herein, shall federal government expenditures exceed actual collected receipts on hand. 7|Page
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Section 2: The United States government shall not borrow funds or encumber, in any way, the United States or its citizens. Section 3: The federal government shall place five percent (5%) of all annual collected revenues into an Emergency Reserve Fund. The Emergency Reserve Fund shall be used only for Emergency Purposes during sudden and unexpected economic downturns or unexpected budgetary shortfalls, and shall not be used for any other purpose. Section 4: Twenty percent (20%) of all federal tax revenues shall be applied to the National Debt until said National Debt is fully satisfied. The term National Debt shall mean total outstanding borrowings of the United States government comprising of internal (owing to national creditors) and external (owing to foreign creditors) debt incurred in financing its expenditure, including, but not limited to (1) floating debt, short term borrowings such as treasury bills, various ways-and-means advances, and borrowings from the central bank; (2) funded debt, short-term debt converted into long-term debt; and (3) unfunded debt, national savings certificates, savings bonds, premium bonds, and securities repayable in foreign exchange (payment of which affects the country's balance of payments). Section 5: Annual Federal Combined Spending shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the same budgetary year. The term Federal Combined Spending shall mean all spending by the federal government, including but not limited to, military, homeland security, disaster relief, Presidential and Congressional salaries and benefits, and the staffing and administration of all federal agencies, departments and programs. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Upholding the Constitutional Oath

Section 1: Every individual bound by oath or affirmation to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States shall be subject to prosecution for willingly, willfully, or knowingly, violating or contributing to the violation of the Constitution. Enforcement and prosecution of any violation(s) of this amendment shall take place in the federal courts; no special court or tribunal shall be established for said violation(s). No special rules or laws for prosecution under this amendment shall be established; the legal system under which such enforcement is administered shall be the same legal system as that to which all citizens are subject. Penalty for violation(s) of this amendment shall be established by Congress, however, such penalty shall not be less than two (2) years imprisonment for each count or violation; each count to be served consecutively. No provision of this Constitution, and no other law, may grant immunity to such prosecution or mandatory minimum sentence of two (2) years imprisonment for each count or violation. Section 2: The President and members of the House and Senate shall be prohibited from purposely or knowingly making false statements or misleading the public while in office; such acts shall be grounds for impeachment, recall, or removal from office. Section 3: The failure, by the President or a member of the House or Senate, to uphold or vigorously pursue, once elected to office, a stated policy position made during a campaign for office, or the failure to uphold or vigorously pursue, once elected to office, a stated promise made during a campaign for office to take certain action(s) if so elected, shall be grounds for impeachment, recall, or removal from office. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 8|Page
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Loans, Grants, & Eminent Domain

Section 1: Congress shall not loan, or otherwise grant, funds in any form to an individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit corporation, union, or any other non-governmental entity, for any reason; said reasons shall include, but are not limited to, preventing said individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit corporation, union, or any other non-governmental entity from becoming insolvent or declaring bankruptcy. Section 2: Congress shall not guarantee any private loan or security. Said prohibition to provide guarantee shall include, but shall not be limited to, housing loans, student loans, automobile loans, loans to local, county, or state governments, an individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit, union, or other non-federal government entity. Section 3: The United States government shall not own shares or any other interest in a privately held or publically traded company, corporation or other non-governmental entity. In the furtherance of this Amendment, any such current interest or ownership shall be immediately sold to the public at large on the open market, and any and all funds derived therefrom shall be applied to the National Debt. Section 4: The United States government shall not create, manufacture, or sell a good or service that competes, directly or indirectly, with any individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, or other nongovernmental entity. Section 5: The taking of property for public use, commonly referred to as Eminent Domain, with or without just compensation, and without the owners consent, as contained in Article The Seventh of the Bill of Rights, shall be prohibited. Section 6: At no time shall private property be taken or seized without the owners consent, to be sold, leased, or otherwise conveyed to a governmental entity, an individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit corporation, union, or any other non-governmental entity. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Enemy Combatants & Lawful Citizenship

Section 1: Every foreign national apprehended while committing an act of terrorism or war against the United States, apprehended for suspicion of committing an act of terrorism or war against the United States, or apprehended on the battlefield, whether said apprehension takes place within the borders of the United States or outside the borders of the United States, shall be held in military custody and tried in a Military court or tribunal. Such person shall not have conferred upon him or her the Constitutional rights and privileges of a United States citizen. Section 2: No person born in the United States after the adoption of this amendment shall be a citizen of the United States by birth unless at least one natural parent is, at the time of that person's birth, a citizen of the United States. Section 3: United States Citizenship may not be granted to any person who is currently residing in the United States at the time of the enactment of this amendment who has intentionally entered the United States illegally, or who intentionally enters the United States illegally after the enactment of this amendment. 9|Page
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Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Federal Role in Primary & Secondary Education

Section 1: Congress shall not regulate, establish standards, or create mandated curriculum for primary or secondary education. The right to regulate, establish standards, or create mandated curriculum for primary or secondary education, shall be left to the States, respectively. Section 2: Congress shall not provide funding, in any manner, to include loans or grants, for primary or secondary education, nor shall it guarantee third party loans, issue bonds, or in any way provide financial support for primary or secondary education. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The Right to Bear Arms Clarified

Section 1: The term right to bear arms, as used in the 2nd Amendment of this Constitution, shall mean the right of every citizen to possess one or more firearms and an unrestricted number of rounds of ammunition, independent of service (or lack thereof) in the state militia or United States military armed forces. The removal of a firearm or ammunition from a citizen, without due process of law, shall be prohibited. The removal of a firearm or ammunition from a citizen, or disarming of the citizenry during times of emergency, unrest, or civil insurrection, without due process of law, shall be prohibited. Section 2: Except as expressly contained herein, no law shall be enacted which restricts the type of firearm owned, sold, or purchased. Section 3: The keeping of a registry of individual gun ownership, or the tracking of the sale of firearms or ammunition to a private citizen, by the government, shall be prohibited. Section 4: The term militia, as used in Article 1, Section 8 of this Constitution, the 2nd Amendment of this Constitution, this amendment, and any successive amendment to this Constitution, shall mean the National Guard, or any military unit, organized, administered, and controlled by local or state government. The term "military armed forces" shall denote collectively all components of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and any other military unit, organized, administered, and controlled by the federal government, and Reserve units of the same thereof. Section 5: The right to bear arms shall not extend to, nor shall it include, chemical or biological weapons, or weapons of mass destruction. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Prohibition Against Lobbying & Lobbyists

Section 1: No lobbyist, individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit corporation, 10 | P a g e
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union, or any other non-governmental entity shall accept or receive compensation or remuneration for, or enter into any arrangement or contract to, Lobby on behalf of another individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit corporation, union, or any other non-governmental entity for the purpose of affecting the passage or defeat of any legislation or the inclusion of any item in a governmental budget, or instigating the introduction or commencement of any legislation or executive branch action; such acts shall be prohibited. Section 2: The term Lobby or Lobbying shall mean the act of attempting to influence the thinking of legislators or other public officials for or against a specific cause. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Regulation of Natural Resources

Section 1: Congress shall be prohibited from enacting legislation which prohibits, regulates, mandates, taxes, or in any way interferes with, the exploitation, or use thereof, of a Natural Resource. The regulation, or use thereof, of Natural Resources shall be left to the States, respectively, or to the People. Section 2: The United States Government shall be prohibited from managing or administering any Natural Resource. Section 3: The term Natural Resource shall mean actual and potential forms of wealth supplied by nature, such as coal, oil, wood, water power, and arable land; a material source of wealth, such as timber, fresh water, or a mineral deposit, that occurs in a natural state and has economic value; any property of the physical environment, such as minerals, natural vegetation, or climate, which humans can use to satisfy their needs. Natural resources may be classified as renewable or non-renewable. Section 4: In furtherance of this amendment any and all federal laws, regulations, codes, mandates, or taxes, which prohibit, regulate, mandate, tax, or in any way interfere with, the exploitation, or use thereof, of Natural Resources, shall be immediately repealed and be of no further force or effect, and all governmental administrative or enforcement bodies shall be immediately defunded and closed. Section 5: In furtherance of this Amendment, the federal regulation or taxation of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions shall be prohibited. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Multi-National Governmental Bodies

Section 1: The United States government shall not join any treaty that creates, or causes the United States to join, a multinational governmental body, abridges or abrogates its sovereignty, subjects the United States or its citizens to the dictates or laws of a multinational governmental body, abridges any Constitutional right of a United States citizen, or subjects a United States citizen to a foreign judicial or police power without due process of law. Section 2: The United States government shall not fund, in part or in whole, in any manner, any multinational or foreign governmental body. 11 | P a g e
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Section 3: The United States government shall not provide financial or material aid to a foreign government or people without the consent of the President and Congress. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Presidential Powers Defined

Section 1: The issuance of Presidential Executive Orders shall be prohibited. Section 2: In the Furtherance of this Amendment, all Presidential Executive Orders issued by the current President, and prior Presidents, shall be immediately repealed and made of no further effect. Section 3: All Advisors to the President, known commonly as Czars, shall require the advice and consent of both the Senate and House of Representatives. Congress shall reserve the right to dismiss an Advisor to the President from service. Advisors to the President shall be prohibited from making policy decisions, working within, or interacting closely with, a government agency or department, or advising a government agency or department on matters of policy. The total number of Advisors to the President shall be limited to ten (10). Section 4: A nominee for Advisor to the President shall possess the following qualifications and credentials; no exemptions shall be made: Shall have attained to the age of 35, a minimum of five (5) years experience in a field or industry related to the primary subject that he or she will be providing council for, shall have no misdemeanor or felony convictions, and shall not now or in the past been delinquent on personal or business taxes. Section 5: In furtherance of the enactment of this Amendment, all current Advisors to the President shall be removed from office, or their positions as Advisors to the President, and shall be required to seek and obtain the consent of both the Senate and House of Representatives prior to reinstatement. Section 6: The President shall be prohibited from unilaterally declaring, or imposing, a national state of emergency, or national disaster. A national state of emergency, or national disaster, shall only be declared or imposed, as the case may be, by passage of legislation to such effect by the Senate and House, and signing into law by the President. Section 7: The declaration, or imposition, of Martial Law shall at all times, and under all circumstances, except as expressly provided for hereunder, be prohibited. A. The term Martial Law, as used herein, shall mean the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated region(s) on an emergency basis, whether temporarily, or permanently, when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively (e.g., maintain order and security, and provide essential services), or when there are extensive riots or protests, or when the disobedience of the law becomes wide-spread. B. Military forces shall be prohibited from deploying to quiet down crowds, secure government buildings and other key or sensitive locations, maintain order, or for any other purpose not expressly permitted herein; such functions shall be left solely to the civil authorities. C. Military personnel shall be prohibited from replacing civil authorities and performing some or all of their functions, except as expressly authorized herein. D. The installation of a high-ranking military officer, as a military governor, or as the head of the government, shall be prohibited in all cases. E. The declaration or imposition of Martial Law in cases of major natural disasters, or "states of emergency", shall be prohibited. 12 | P a g e
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F. The imposition of curfews, the suspension of civil law, civil rights, and habeas corpus, and the application or extension of military law or military justice to civilians, or subjecting civilians to military tribunal, or court-martial, shall be prohibited. G. Martial law shall only be imposed during wars, or in cases of occupations, and in the complete absence of any other civil government. Section 8: The suspension of the Constitution of the United States shall at all times, and under all circumstances, be prohibited. Section 9: The President shall be prohibited from engaging the military in, or using military force to engage in, acts of war or armed conflict, or providing military advisors to a foreign country, without the consent of both the Senate and the House of Representatives; no exceptions shall be made. Section 10: The President shall be prohibited from unilaterally granting a pardon or commuting a sentence. All pardons or commutations shall require the consent of the Senate and House. Granting a pardon prior to conviction shall be prohibited. The President and Congress authority to grant a pardon or commutation, shall be limited to persons convicted of federal crime(s) in the federal courts, and shall not extend to persons convicted of crimes in State, District, municipal, or tribal courts. The granting of pardons or commutation of sentences for convictions in State, District, municipal, or tribal courts shall be left to the States, respectively. Section 11: The President or Congress shall not be granted the power to seize control of, or interfere with, the internet, during a declared state of emergency, or natural disaster, or otherwise control, or seek to control, or regulate, the internet or internet service providers as relates to internet activities or services, at any time. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Protection From Government Coercion

Section 1: No citizen shall be required to purchase a good or service as a requirement or prerequisite of citizenship, or for any other purpose. Section 2: No United States citizen shall be compelled to obtain a national identification card, biometric identification card, employee identification card, or any other form of identification issued by the United States government, or any State, county, or local/municipal government, or any other government, foreign or domestic, as a condition of citizenship. Section 3: No United States government, State, county, or local/municipal government, or any other government, issued identification card or drivers license, shall be permitted to include personal biometric data, or be permitted to contain an electronic device or chip used for tracking, determining, or transmitting the geo-specific, or approximate, location of any person. Section 4: No natural born United States citizen shall be required to submit fingerprints, palm prints, foot prints, an optical print, voice print, blood sample, or any other biometric sample to the United States government or any State, county, or local/municipal government, or any other government, foreign or domestic, as a condition of citizenship. Section 5: No United States citizen shall be compelled to wear, or have implanted, a biometric chip or device, or any other external or internal electronic device, used for information storage, medical, identification, security, or tracking purpose(s), or for any other purpose(s), as a condition of citizenship. Exemptions shall be made for 13 | P a g e
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certain persons convicted of certain sexual or violent crimes, persons on supervised probation or parole, or person out on bail awaiting trial, as allowed by law; such persons shall be fitted with external electronic devices only, and for tracking purpose only, to determine the geo-specific location of the individual; any other use of an external biometric chip or device, or any other external device, shall be prohibited, and at no time shall an internal biometric chip or device, or any other internal electronic device, be permitted or required. There shall be a clear and reasonable purpose for the requirement to wear such device(s) and all such exemptions to this amendment must be authorized by a court of law of competent jurisdiction, and with due process of law. Section 6: No person shall be compelled to serve in the United States military or armed forces, serve in any State national guard or militia, serve in any law enforcement capacity, take up arms in defense of the United States, enforce martial law, or serve the United States government or any State, county, or local/municipal government, or any other government, foreign or domestic, in any manner or capacity. Section 7: No person shall be compelled to provide a good or service to the United States government or any State, county, or local/municipal government, or any other government, foreign or domestic. Section 8: No person shall be compelled to work or labor on behalf of another, or to provide work or labor for the United States government or any State, county, or local/municipal government, or any other government, foreign or domestic. No prisoner shall be compelled to work or labor on behalf of another person, or to provide work or labor for the United States government or any State, county, or local/municipal government, or any other government, foreign or domestic. In furtherance of this Amendment, all forms of forced labor shall be abolished. Section 9: No person shall be compelled to report the activities of another person. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Freedom From Government Competition

Section 1: Congress shall be prohibited from fixing market prices for any good or service, from enacting price controls for any good or service, or from subsidizing any good or service. Section 2: Congress shall be prohibited from paying an individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit corporation, union, or any other non-governmental entity, not to produce a good or service. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Federal Wages & Benefits

Section 1: Presidential and Congressional salaries shall not exceed the national combined average for all private sector workers. No President or member of Congress shall be paid a salary, pension, or benefits once he or she has left office; the payment of a salary and all benefits shall cease upon the expiration of the elected officials term in office. Section 2: In furtherance of this Amendment, all current Presidential and Congressional salaries shall be adjusted and/or modified, and all federal retirement or pension payments and benefits programs for retired Presidents and members of Congress shall immediately cease. 14 | P a g e
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Section 3: Federal employee salaries shall not exceed the national average for Private Sector workers engaged in a similar position or industry. Section 4: In furtherance of this Amendment, all current federal employee salaries shall be adjusted and/or modified and brought into compliance with this Amendment. Section 5: The total combined cost for federal individual employee pension and retirement benefits shall not exceed the national combined average for pension and retirement benefits paid to all private sector workers. No federal employee shall be eligible for pension or retirement benefits prior to his or her twentieth consecutive year of employment. Federal employees shall not be eligible for multiple federal pension or retirement benefits, otherwise known as stacking, through employment in different federal agencies or departments, the total combined number of years or terms of employment being consecutive or separated, notwithstanding. Section 6: In furtherance of this Amendment, all current federal employee pension and retirement benefits packages shall be adjusted/modified and brought into compliance with this Amendment, and all federal retirement or pension payments and benefits programs for current retired federal employees shall be adjusted/modified, or cancelled, as the case may be, and brought into compliance with this Amendment. Section 7: A member of the House of Representatives shall be limited to serving a maximum total of twelve (12) years in the House of Representatives; the total combined number of years or terms in office being consecutive or separated, notwithstanding. A member of the Senate shall be limited to serving a maximum total of twelve (12) years in the Senate; the total combined number of years or terms in office being consecutive or separated, notwithstanding. No person shall exceed twelve (12) combined years in Congress (i.e. 6 years in the House plus 6 years in the Senate equals 12 total combined years in Congress); the number of years or terms in office being consecutive or separated, notwithstanding. Section 8: In furtherance of this Amendment, each member of Congress who shall have exceeded the Constitutional term limits, as set forth herein, on the date of the enactment of this Amendment, or prior to the expiration of his or her current term, shall be allowed to complete his or her current term, and thereafter shall be ineligible for election to the House of Representatives or the Senate. Section 9: The terms of the President and the Vice President shall end at noon on the day the following the election of the same, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the day following the election of the same, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The Census & Gerrymandering

Section 1: The Census Count frequency, as required under Article 1, Section 2, of the Constitution and section 2 of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, shall not exceed one time every ten (10) years. Section 2: The decennial Census Count, as required under Article 1, Section 2, of the Constitution and section 2 of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, shall be limited to counting the number of persons (a numeric head count of the number of persons), and to determining citizenship status of persons, residing in the United States at the time of the taking of the Census Count.

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Section 3: The gathering of information such as race, gender, age, disability, or identity, shall be prohibited. No citizen shall be compelled or required to submit personal information, or any other information, except as expressly authorized herein, during the taking of the decennial Census Count, as required under Article 1, Section 2, of the Constitution and section 2 of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. Section 4: The decennial Census Count shall determine each persons citizenship status prior to adding an individual to the Official Census Count. Legal United States citizens and non-United States citizens, whether nonUnited States citizen(s) unlawfully or lawfully reside in the United States, shall be counted separately. Section 5: Only legal citizens of the United States shall be considered in determining the allocation of Representatives, Electorates, or for establishing the boundaries of Congressional Districts. Persons who are not legal citizens of the United States shall not be considered in determining the allocation of Representatives, Electorates, or for establishing the boundaries of Congressional Districts. Section 6: The act, process, or instance of Gerrymandering shall be prohibited. The term Gerrymandering shall mean to divide (a territorial unit) into election districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districts as possible. Section 7: In furtherance of this amendment, the following method for determining the boundaries of Election Districts shall be as follows: [describe method preferred = Shortest Splitline Method+ Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The Right of Recall

The right to recall, or remove from office, any federally elected official or representative shall be reserved by The People. Any elected official or representative may be removed by the people at any time. The right of recall extends to the President and any member of the House or Senate. Congress shall not enact legislation, establish rules or procedures, or in any manner interfere with recall rules or procedures established by each State. Recall elections shall be held in accordance with rules and procedures established by each State, respectfully. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Public & Private Sector Trade & Labor Unions

Section 1: The act of employees or workers organizing into a Trade Union or Labor Union in the Public Sector, shall be prohibited. Section 2: The terms Trade Union and Labor Union as used herein, shall mean a labor organization usually consisting of workers of the same trade or industry that is formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests (as through collective bargaining) in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions, and which are subject to the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA or Wagner Act), as amended by the Labor Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act and the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure (Landrum-Griffin) Act. 16 | P a g e
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Section 3: The term Public Sector, as used herein, shall mean that part of the economy that is financed, in whole or in part, and/or controlled by a central government (whether national, regional or local/municipal), local authorities, or publicly funded corporations or nonprofit organizations. Section 4: For purposes of this Amendment, any individual, privately held or publically traded company, corporation, nonprofit corporation, union, or any other non-governmental entity receiving funding, or contracted to provide goods or services, for a central controlled government (whether national, regional or local/municipal), local authorities, or publicly funded corporations or nonprofit organization, shall also be considered to be part of the Public Sector, and subject to this Amendment. Section 5: A persons right to freely choose to join, or not to join, a Trade or Labor Union in the Private Sector, except as contained herein, shall not be denied. No person shall be compelled to join a Trade or Labor Union as a prerequisite for employment, or as a requirement for maintaining employment once hired. No person shall be required to pay Trade or Labor Union dues as a prerequisite for employment, or as a requirement for maintaining employment. Section 6: No worker shall be compelled to provide support for a candidate for public office through the use of his or her Trade or Labor Union dues. A workers Trade or Labor Union dues shall not be used to support a candidate for public office without the workers written permission. Trade or Labor Unions shall provide a mechanism for each of its Members free choice to opt in or opt out of having his or her dues used to support a candidate for public office, and shall post the employees ability to opt in or opt out in a conspicuous location at the employees place of work. Section 7: Every person shall have the right to a secret ballot when deciding whether to organize a Trade or Labor Union, as well as the right to ratify the contract terms of their employment, rather than be forced to accept a contract through binding arbitration. All elections for Trade or Labor Union officers shall be held by secret ballot. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The Selection & Appointment of Judges

Section 1: The procedures for nominating and appointing Federal and Supreme Court Justices shall be modified as follows: A. A United States Federal justice shall be nominated by the President and shall require a simple majority consent in the House and a 3/5 majority consent in the Senate. A federal judge shall serve a single term not to exceed ten (10) years, and shall be limited to one term. A nominee for a federal judgeship shall possess the following qualifications and credentials; no exemptions shall be made: Shall have attained to the age of 45, a minimum of five (5) years experience as a State judge, a minimum of five (5) years experience as a State Court of Appeals judge, must possess a current law degree, a minimum of five (5) years practice as an attorney, must have graduated from law school, shall not have any rulings previously overturned by a State Supreme Court or the United States Supreme Court, shall have no misdemeanor or felony convictions, and shall not now or in the past been delinquent on personal or business taxes. In furtherance of this Amendment, all United States Federal Justices who have exceeded the Constitutional term limit, as contained herein, shall be removed from the bench; serving until such time as a successor has been nominated and confirmed, or twelve additional months, whichever shall be sooner. B. A United States Supreme Court justice shall be nominated by the President and shall require a 3/5 majority consent in both the House and the Senate. A United States Supreme Court Justice shall serve a single term 17 | P a g e
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not to exceed fifteen (15) years. A nominee for a United States Supreme Court judgeship shall possess the following qualifications and credentials; no exemptions shall be made: Shall have attained to the age of 50, a minimum of five (5) years experience as a State Supreme Court Justice, a minimum of five (5) years experience as a Federal Appeals Court Justice, must possess a current law degree, a minimum of five (5) years practicing Constitutional Law as an attorney, must have graduated from law school, shall not have any rulings previously overturned by a State Supreme Court or the United States Supreme Court, shall have no misdemeanor or felony convictions, shall not now or in the past been delinquent on personal or business taxes. In furtherance of this Amendment, all United States Supreme Court Justices who have exceeded the Constitutional term limit, as contained herein, shall be removed from the bench, serving until such time as a successor has been nominated and confirmed, or twelve additional months, whichever shall be sooner. C. The maximum age for a sitting United States Federal or Supreme Court justice shall be eighty (80) years of age. All United States Federal Court judgeships shall expire automatically upon his or her eightieth (80th) birthday, and he or she shall be immediately removed from the bench at such time. D. A Federal or Supreme Court justice shall be immediately removed from office upon a determination of Permanent Disability. For purposes hereof, a Federal or Supreme Court justice shall be deemed "Permanently Disabled" if (i) by reason of physical or mental disability he or she is unable to perform his or her duties for more than ninety (90) days during any consecutive twelve (12) month period and (ii) Congress determines in good faith that he or she is no longer able to perform such duties. In making a determination as to whether or not a Federal or Supreme Court justice has become Permanently Disabled, Congress may rely upon the advice of one or more medical and/or psychiatric practitioners selected by it and licensed to practice in the District of Columbia. All Federal or Supreme Court justices shall agree to submit from time to time to such physical and psychiatric examinations as may be reasonably requested by Congress for purposes of making such determination. Section 2: The Attorney General of the United States shall report directly, and be accountable, to Congress, and the Justice Department shall fall under the purview of Congress. Section 3: The Attorney General of the United States shall be nominated by the President and shall require a 3/5 majority consent in both the House and the Senate. The Attorney General of the United States shall serve a single term not to exceed five (5) years. A nominee for the Attorney General of the United States shall possess the following qualifications and credentials; no exemptions shall be made: Shall have attained to the age of 45, must possess a current law degree, a minimum of five (5) years practicing Constitutional Law as an attorney, must have graduated from law school, shall have no misdemeanor or felony convictions, shall not now or in the past been delinquent on personal or business taxes. Congress shall reserve the right to remove an Attorney General of the United States, at any time, and for any reason, through a simple majority vote in both Houses of Congress. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

The Selection & Appointment Senators

Section 1: The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. Section 2: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. A Senator shall not be directly elected by the citizens of a State. 18 | P a g e

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Section 3: Among the duties of each Senator is the primary duty to represent the government of their State, and in particular, their States Legislature, in the Senate. Section 4: Senators are subject to removal by their respective State Legislature. Removal of a Senator shall require a majority of each House of the State Legislature in question. Section 5: Except as contained herein, Congress is precluded from enacting any legislation affecting the senatorial selection process. Each State Legislature shall enact rules and procedures, consistent with this amendment, related to the selection and removal of Senators. Section 6: This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislatures. Congress shall have the right to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Constitutional Amendments by Popular Vote

Section 1: The United States Constitution, deriving its power from the consent of the People, adopted by the People, and functioning at the behest of the People, the right of the People to amend the Constitution by Popular Amendment shall not be denied. This amendment shall provide the People of the United States with the power and authority to propose federal amendments to the United States Constitution and adopt constitutional amendments without the support of the Congress or the several State Legislatures. Section 2: Any matter that is a proper subject of legislation can become a proposed Amendment to the Constitution; however, no proposed Amendment to the Constitution addressing more than one subject area may be submitted to the voters or have any effect. A ballot initiative Constitutional Amendment is placed on the ballot after its proponents successfully satisfy the requirements described in this amendment. Section 3: The People shall be permitted to propose Amendments to the Constitution by petition, whenever the People shall deem it necessary, to be placed on the ballot whenever petitions containing the signatures of at least eight percent 8% of the total votes cast for President at the last presidential election, in each of the several states, shall be gathered in support of the Proposed Amendment. Petitions proposing ballot initiative Constitutional Amendments must be signed by valid registered voters. Section 4: Whenever a majority of votes are cast by the People in favor of a proposed Amendment to this Constitution in three fourths of the several states, it shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, and shall not require the ratification of Congress or the Legislatures of the States, or the States, or any other Mode of Ratification, to become valid or become an enforceable part of this Constitution. Only valid registered voters shall be eligible to vote for or against ballot initiative Constitutional Amendments. Section 5: The following initiative amendment process shall define the procedures and requirements for the preparation and qualification of Constitutional Amendment initiatives. A. *procedures & requirements+

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