I.

INTRODUCTION

A. Overview Cancer begins in cells, the building blocks that make up tissues. Tissues make up the organs of the body. Normal cells grow and divide to from new cells as the body needs them. When normal cells grow old or get damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old or damaged cells do not die as they should. The build up of extra cells often a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Growths on the cervix can be benign or malignant. Benign growths are not cancer. They are not as harmful as malignant growths.

The uterine cervix is the lowest portion of womans uterus (womb). Most of the uterus lies in the pelvis, but part of the cervix is located in the pelvis, but part of the cervix is located in the vagina, where it connects the uterus with the vagina. Cancer of the cervix occurs when the cells of the cervix change in a way that leads to abnormal growth and invasion of other tissues or organs of the body.

Like all cancers, cervical cancer is much more likely to be cured if it is detected early and treated immediately. One of the key features of cervical cancer is its slow progression from normal cervical tissue, to precancerous
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(Or dysplastic) changes in the tissues, to invasive cancer. The slow progression through numerous precancerous changes is very important because it provides opportunities for prevention and early detection and treatment. These opportunities have caused the decline of cervical cancer over the past decades in the United States.

Invasive cancers mean that the cancer affects the deeper tissues of the cervix and may have spread to the other parts of the body. This spread is called metastasis. Cervical cancers dont always spread, but those that do most often spread to the lungs, the liver, the bladder, the vagina, and/or the rectum.

While cervical cancer used to be a common cause of cancer death among women in the United States, it is now much less common. In 2007, it is estimated that over 11,000 women will be diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer in 2007 within the United States. Over 40,000 will be diagnosed with non-invasive cervical cancer. Unfortunately, 3,670 women will die of the disease in 2007.

B. Objectives of the Study

The following are the points we aim to achieve: y To understand the course of the disease of the patient based on medical diagnosis y y y Identify effectiveness and purpose of related treatment modality Evaluate the effectiveness of formulated nursing care pans Review the actual nursing management done to make room for correction and improvement. y Point out the use of nursing process in every part of the study particularly on the nursing management. y Render nursing interventions and provide collaborative medical care to alleviate patients condition.

C. Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on the care rendered, from the assessment to our last day of our duty dated December 14, 2011. It tackles about the disease condition of the patient, which is Cervical Cancer. We will also include the patients past medical history and her recent activities prior to admission; the informations gathered from the patient himself and her significant others. The care provided to the patient was limited only due to the limited time.

II.

HEALTH HISTORY

A. Patients Profile Name: Age: Sex: Birth date: Birth place: Occupation: Civil Status: Name of Spouse: Nationality: Informant: LMP: Religion: Address: Clinical Profile Date of Admission: Time of Admission: Attending Physician: Chief Complaints: Admitting Diagnosis: Vital Signs: December 9, 2011 12:50 pm Dr. Mercado pallor, hypogastric pain Cervical Cancer Stage III BP- 110/70 mmHg ; Temp- 36.9C PR- 76bpm ; RR - 22cpm
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Pt. X 35 years old Female September 25, 1976 Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon Housewife Married Aguilo Lood Filipino Pt. X September 20, 2011 Roman Catholic Damilag, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon

B. Family and Personal Health History

Pt. X was born on September 25, 1976, raised and currently residing in Blk 10, Lot 2, Phase 2, Damilag, Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon, with her husband and 6 siblings. Shes a smoker and alcohol drinker when she was at the age of 20s. Her family has also a history of cancer. 3 years ago, Pt. X was diagnosed with cervical infection, she was hospitalized and treated. After a year, Pt. X experienced hypogastric pain, headache, and pallor, foul and dark discharges, then she undergone pap test and found out that it was a cervical cancer stage I and months after it rises to stage III B.

C. History of Present Illness

Pt. diagnosed with cervical cancer stage III, chemotherapy 2 times and radiator therapy. For another session of chemotherapy but need to have decreased high level per CBC result. Hence, patient is admitted for blood transfusion.

D. Chief Complaints

Few hours prior to admission patient experienced hypogastric pain, vomiting and pallor.

III.

DEVELOPMENTAL DATA

Psychosexual Theory of Sigmund Freud

The

psychosexual

stages

of

Sigmund

Freud

are

five

different

developmental period during which individual seeks pleasure from different areas of the body associated with sexual feelings.

These stages are as follows:

Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital

Birth to 1 year 2-3 years 4-5 years 6-12 years 13 up

The genital stage that spans puberty and adult life, and thus occupies most of the life of a man and of a woman; its purpose is the psychological detachment and independence from the parents. The genital stage affords the person the ability to confront and resolve his or her remaining psychosexual childhood conflicts. As in the phallic stage, the genital stage is centered upon the genitalia, but the sexuality is consensual and adult, rather than solitary and infantile.

The patient is currently married, belongs to the last stage of the Freudian theory which is the genital stage. She was able to develop sexual maturity and learned to establish satisfactory relationships with the opposite sex. Such is evident in the patients attitude; she is developing a healthy relationship with the opposite sex since she was provided appropriate opportunities to relate with them and her family encourages her to verbalize her feelings about her perceptions of the people around her.

Psychosocial Theory of Erik Erickson

Erik Erickson envisioned life as a sequence of levels of achievement. Each stage signals a task that must be achieved. He believed that the greater that task achievement, the healthier the personality of the person. Failure to achieve a task influences the persons ability to achieve the next task. Stages of Eriksons Psychosocial Theory are as follows:

Infancy Early Childhood Late Childhood School Age Adolescence Young Adulthood Adulthood Maturity

Birth-18 moths 18 months-3yrs 3-5 years 6-12 years 12-20 years 18-25 years 25-65 years 65 yrs to death

Trust VS. Mistrust Autonomy VS. Shame & Doubt Initiative VS. Guilt Industry VS. Inferiority Identity VS. Role Confusion Intimacy VS. Isolation Generativity VS. Stagnation Integrity VS. Despair
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Caring-

Generativity

VS.

Stagnation-

the

Midlife

crisis,

measure

accomplishments/ failures. Am I satisfied or not? The need to assist the younger generation. Stagnation is the feeling of not having done anything to help the next generation.

Patient is currently stagnating, she is having the feeling of regrets on things of she could have done when s he was younger and her testimonies are filled with what ifs. She often talks about what she could have done that could make a change which could have been possible if she did it when she was young.

Developmental Task Theory of Robert Havighurst

A developmental task is a task which arises at or about a certain period in the life of an individual. Havighurst has identified six major age periods:

Infancy and Early Childhood Middle Childhood Adolescence Early Adulthood Middle Adulthood Later Maturity

0-5 tears 6-12 years 13-18 years 19-29 years 30-60 years 61 and above

Achieving adult social and civic responsibility, reaching and maintaining satisfactory performance in ones occupational career, developing adult leisure time activities, relating oneself to ones spouse as a person, to accept and adjust to the physiological changes of middle age, and adjusting to aging parents.

Currently, Pt. X no longer have living parents. She used to adjust during her parents aging state and during their loss. Patient X testifies that she is probably experiencing the same way she used to feel towards her parents in the past. Because of her condition, she was advised to rest which gave her the chance to relax and plan out her own activities and leisure time.

Cognitive Theory of Jean Piaget