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transition noise
Err max
Err min
www.austriamicrosystems.com/AS5145 Revision 1.12 29 - 36
AS5145
Datasheet - Appl i cat i on I nf or mat i on
9.7.2 Transition Noise
Transition noise is defined as the jitter in the transition between two steps. Due to the nature of the measurement principle (Hall sensors +
Preamplifier + ADC), there is always a certain degree of noise involved. This transition noise voltage results in an angular transition noise at the
outputs. It is specified as 0.06 degrees rms (1 sigma)x1 in fast mode (pin MODE = high) and 0.03 degrees rms (1 sigma)x1 in slow mode (pin
MODE = low or open).
This is the repeatability of an indicated angle at a given mechanical position. The transition noise has different implications on the type of output
that is used:
Absolute output; SSI interface: The transition noise of the absolute output can be reduced by the user by implementing averaging of read-
ings. An averaging of 4 readings will reduce the transition noise by 6dB or 50%, e.g. from 0.03rms to 0.015rms (1 sigma) in slow mode.
PWM interface: If the PWM interface is used as an analog output by adding a low pass filter, the transition noise can be reduced by lower-
ing the cutoff frequency of the filter. If the PWM interface is used as a digital interface with a counter at the receiving side, the transition
noise may again be reduced by averaging of readings.
Incremental mode: In incremental mode, the transition noise influences the period, width and phase shift of the output signals A, B and
Index. However, the algorithm used to generate the incremental outputs guarantees no missing or additional pulses even at high speeds (up
to 15,000 rpm and higher).
Note: Statistically, 1 sigma represents 68.27% of readings and 3 sigma represents 99.73% of readings.
9.7.3 High Speed Operation
Sampling Rate: The AS5145 samples the angular value at a rate of 2.61k (slow mode) or 10.42k (fast mode, selectable by pin MODE)
samples per second. Consequently, the absolute outputs are updated each 384s (96s in fast mode). At a stationary position of the mag-
net, the sampling rate creates no additional error.
Absolute Mode: At a sampling rate of 2.6kHz/10.4kHz, the number of samples (n) per turn for a magnet rotating at high speed can be cal-
culated by
n
slowmode
= (EQ 4)
n
fastmode
= (EQ 5)
The upper speed limit in slow mode is ~6,000rpm and ~30,000rpm in fast mode. The only restriction at high speed is that there will be fewer
samples per revolution as the speed increases (see Table 7). Regardless of the rotational speed, the absolute angular value is always sam-
pled at the highest resolution of 12 bit.
Incremental Mode: Incremental encoders are usually required to produce no missing pulses up to several thousand rpms. Therefore, the
AS5145 has a built-in interpolator, which ensures that there are no missing pulses at the incremental outputs for rotational speeds of up to
15,000 rpm, even at the highest resolution of 12 bits (4096 pulses per revolution).
9.7.4 Propagation Delays
The propagation delay is the delay between the time that the sample is taken until it is converted and available as angular data. This delay is
96s in fast mode and 384s in slow mode.
Using the SSI interface for absolute data transmission, an additional delay must be considered, caused by the asynchronous sampling (0 1/
fsample) and the time it takes the external control unit to read and process the angular data from the chip (maximum clock rate = 1MHz, number
of bits per reading = 18).
Angular Error Caused by Propagation Delay. A rotating magnet will cause an angular error caused by the output propagation delay.
This error increases linearly with speed:
e
sampling
= rpm * 6 * prop.delay
(EQ 6)
Where:
esampling = angular error []
rpm = rotating speed [rpm]
prop.delay = propagation delay [seconds]
Note: Since the propagation delay is known, it can be automatically compensated by the control unit processing the data from the AS5145.
60
rpm 384 ( )s
-----------------------------------
60
rmp 96s
---------------------------
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AS5145
Datasheet - Appl i cat i on I nf or mat i on
9.7.5 Internal Timing Tolerance
The AS5145 does not require an external ceramic resonator or quartz. All internal clock timings for the AS5145 are generated by an on-chip RC
oscillator. This oscillator is factory trimmed to 5% accuracy at room temperature (10% over full temperature range). This tolerance influences
the ADC sampling rate and the pulse width of the PWM output:
- Absolute output; SSI interface: A new angular value is updated every 96s (typ) in fast mode and every 384s (typ) in slow mode.
- PWM output: A new angular value is updated every 384s (typ). The PWM pulse timings T
on
and T
off
also have the same tolerance as the
internal oscillator. If only the PWM pulse width Ton is used to measure the angle, the resulting value also has this timing tolerance. How-
ever, this tolerance can be cancelled by measuring both Ton and T
off
and calculating the angle from the duty cycle (see Pulse Width Mod-
ulation (PWM) Output on page 17)
Position = (EQ 7)
9.7.6 Temperature
Magnetic Temperature Coefficient. One of the major benefits of the AS5145 compared to linear Hall sensors is that it is much less
sensitive to temperature. While linear Hall sensors require a compensation of the magnets temperature coefficients, the AS5145 automatically
compensates for the varying magnetic field strength over temperature. The magnets temperature drift does not need to be considered, as the
AS5145 operates with magnetic field strengths from 4575mT.
Example: A NdFeB magnet has a field strength of 75mT @ 40C and a temperature coefficient of -0.12% per Kelvin. The temperature change
is from -40 to +125 = 165K.The magnetic field change is: 165 x -0.12% = -19.8%, which corresponds to 75mT at -40C and 60mT at 125C.
The AS5145 can compensate for this temperature related field strength change automatically, no user adjustment is required.
9.7.7 Accuracy over Temperature
The influence of temperature in the absolute accuracy is very low. While the accuracy is less than or equal to 0.5 at room temperature, it may
increase to less then or equal to 0.9 due to increasing noise at high temperatures.
Timing Tolerance over Temperature. The internal RC oscillator is factory trimmed to 5%. Over temperature, this tolerance may increase
to 10%. Generally, the timing tolerance has no influence in the accuracy or resolution of the system, as it is used mainly for internal clock
generation.
The only concern to the user is the width of the PWM output pulse, which relates directly to the timing tolerance of the internal oscillator. This
influence however can be cancelled by measuring the complete PWM duty cycle instead of just the PWM pulse.
9.8 AS5145 Differences to AS5045
All parameters are according to AS5045 data sheet except for the parameters shown below:
Table 15. Difference Between AS5145 and AS5045
Building Block AS5145 AS5045
Resolution 12bits, 0.088/step 12bits, 0.088/step
Ambient temperature range -40C to +150C -40C to +125C
Data length
read: 18bits
(12bits data + 6 bits status)
OTP write: 18 bits
(12 bits zero position + 6 bits mode selection)
read: 18bits
(12bits data + 6 bits status)
OTP write: 18 bits
(12 bits zero position + 6 bits mode selection)
Pins 1 and 2
MagINCn, MagDECn: same feature as AS5045,
indicator red-yellow-green magnetic range
MagINCn, MagDECn
Incremental encoder
Pin3 (DTest1_A); Pin 4 (DTest2_B);
Pin 6 (Mode_Index)
2x1024 ppr (12-bit)
2x256 ppr low-jitter (10-bit)
Not used
Pin 3: not used
Pin 4: not used
Pin 6
MODE_Index pin, switch between fast and slow mode.
In case of incremental mode is this pin an output the
fast mode is setup in this case.
MODE pin, switch between fast and slow mode
t
on
4097
t
on
t
off
+ ( )
------------------------- 1
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AS5145
Datasheet - Appl i cat i on I nf or mat i on
Pin 12
PWM output: frequency selectable by OTP:
1s / step, 4096 steps per revolution, f=244Hz 2s/
step, 4096 steps per revolution, f=122Hz
PWM output: frequency selectable by OTP:
1s / step, 4096 steps per revolution, f=244Hz 2s
/ step, 4096 steps per revolution, f=122Hz
Sampling frequency
selectable by MODE input pin:
2.5kHz, 10,4kHz
selectable by MODE input pin:
2.5kHz, 10,4kHz
Propagation delay
384s (slow mode) 384s (slow mode)
96s (fast mode) 96s (fast mode)
Transition noise
(rms; 1sigma)
0.03 degrees max. (slow mode) 0.03 degrees max. (slow mode)
0.06 degrees max. (fast mode) 0.06 degrees max. (fast mode)
OTP programming options
PPTRIM; programming voltage 3.3V 3.6V <70C;
3.5V 3.6V >70C;
52-bit serial data protocol; CSn, PDIO and CLK
EasyZap; programming voltage 7.3V 7.5V; Csn;
Prog and CLK; 16-bit (32-bit) serial data protocol.
Table 15. Difference Between AS5145 and AS5045
Building Block AS5145 AS5045
www.austriamicrosystems.com/AS5145 Revision 1.12 32 - 36
AS5145
Datasheet - Package Dr awi ngs and Mar k i ngs
10 Package Drawings and Markings
The device is available in SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm).
Figure 24. Package Drawings
Table 16. Package Dimensions
Symbol
mm
Min Typ Max
A 1.73 1.86 1.99
A1 0.05 0.13 0.21
A2 1.68 1.73 1.78
b 0.25 0.315 0.38
c 0.09 - 0.20
D 6.07 6.20 6.33
E 7.65 7.8 7.9
E1 5.2 5.3 5.38
e 0.65
K 0 - 8
L 0.63 0.75 0.95
AYWWIZZ
AS5145
www.austriamicrosystems.com/AS5145 Revision 1.12 33 - 36
AS5145
Datasheet - Package Dr awi ngs and Mar k i ngs
10.1 Recommended PCB Footprint
Figure 25. PCB Footprint
Table 17. Recommended Footprint Data
Symbol mm
A 9.02
B 6.16
C 0.46
D 0.65
E 5.01
www.austriamicrosystems.com/AS5145 Revision 1.12 34 - 36
AS5145
Datasheet - Revi si on Hi st or y
Revision History
Table 18. Revision History
Revision Date Owner Description
1.1
May 30, 2008
apg
Changed the temperature to 150C across the datasheet.
Jul 23, 2008 Added Key Feature: Fully automotive qualified to AEC-Q100, grade 0
Jul 25, 2008 Changed the values in Table 10 for 10bit and 12 bit incremental mode
1.2 Aug 24, 2008 rfu
Inserted 10kO for pin 6 in Table 1
changed values for fmag_abs in Table 4
Made changes to Incremental Mode on page 14.
Removed quadrature from Figure 6.
Inserted Incremental Output Hysteresis on page 15 and Figure .
Modified the typ value of all in Table 11.
changed the values in equation2 (page 18)
1.3 Aug 27, 2008 rfu
Modified Applications
Removed table Magnetic field strength variation indicator and modified
Table 9 cell headings
1.4
Sep 29, 2008
apg
Changed angle position values in Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Output
on page 17 and also update Table 6 for the same.
Feb 13, 2009 Changed the value of tDOvalid in Table 6
Feb 16, 2009
Changed the value of PW
MIN,
PW
MAX
in Table 6
Updated Figure 14 with 2.2F capacitor without polarity
Updated Figure 17 with 2.2F instead of 2.2F....10F
Feb 18, 2009 mub
Changed key feature: Added pre-programmed versions available
Removed 10 bit from pin descriptions for pin 12 on page 4
Deleted Min value for tDOvalid in Table 6
updated ordering information
Feb 22, 2009 apg Changed the Max value of tDOvalid in Table 6 to 413
1.5
Jul 15, 2009 rfu
Added AS5145-I10/AS5145-I12 to the header
Made some sentence corrections and spelling mistakes
1.6 Updated Incremental Mode on page 14 with new information.
1.7 Aug 12, 2009 apg Added a note to the ordering information
1.8 Sep 29, 2009 rfu
Updated Figure 13
Added Incremental Power-up Lock Option on page 15
1.9 Nov 05, 2009
apg
Timing Characteristics (page 11) - Updated the parameter PWM
Frequency (f
PWM
)
1.10 Dec 04, 2009 Updated section Internal Timing Tolerance (page 30)
1.11
Jun 16, 2010 mub Updated Table 1, Table 3, Table 6
Jun 25, 2010 apg Updated device header and Ordering Information (page 35)
1.12 Nov 09, 2011 ach Updated maximum rotation speed in incremental mode (see page 29)
www.austriamicrosystems.com/AS5145 Revision 1.12 35 - 36
AS5145
Datasheet - Or der i ng I nf or mat i on
11 Ordering Information
The devices are available as the standard products shown in Table 19.
Note: All products are RoHS compliant and austriamicrosystems green.
Buy our products or get free samples online at ICdirect: http://www.austriamicrosystems.com/ICdirect
Technical Support is available at http://www.austriamicrosystems.com/Technical-Support
For further information and requests, please contact us mailto: sales@austriamicrosystems.com
or find your local distributor at http://www.austriamicrosystems.com/distributor
Table 19. Ordering Information
1
1. The pre-programmed devices AS5145A-HSSU and AS5145B-HSSU are available on request.
Ordering Code Description Delivery Form Package
AS5145H-HSSU 12-Bit Programmable Magnetic Rotary Encoder Tubes SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm)
AS5145H-HSST 12-Bit Programmable Magnetic Rotary Encoder Tape & Reel SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm)
AS5145A-HSSU Pre-programmed 10-bit incremental Tubes SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm)
AS5145B-HSSU Pre-programmed 12-bit incremental Tubes SSOP 16 (5.3mm x 6.2mm)
www.austriamicrosystems.com/AS5145 Revision 1.12 36 - 36
AS5145
Datasheet - Copyr i ght s
Copyrights
Copyright 1997-2011, austriamicrosystems AG, Tobelbaderstrasse 30, 8141 Unterpremstaetten, Austria-Europe. Trademarks Registered .
All rights reserved. The material herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of
the copyright owner.
All products and companies mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
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Devices sold by austriamicrosystems AG are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale.
austriamicrosystems AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding
the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. austriamicrosystems AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices at
any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with austriamicrosystems AG for
current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range,
unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are
specifically not recommended without additional processing by austriamicrosystems AG for each application. For shipments of less than 100
parts the manufacturing flow might show deviations from the standard production flow, such as test flow or test location.
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